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The creation of an energy metasystem that combines electrical, heat, cooling, and gas supply systems on an intellectual framework is a manifestation of a new energy paradigm. Integrated intelligent power supply systems combine complexity, intelligence, efficiency, reliability, controllability, flexibility of energy conversion, transmission, storage technologies and assume an active consumer.

Without Abstract:

1.In copper-aluminum joints at temperatures below 250°C and after prolonged soaking diffusion processes develop with formation of an intermetallic layer, leading to reduction of the strength of the joint.2.The increase in the thickness of the diffusion zone of the intermetallic layer and region of solid solution at the aluminum-copper interface with the soaking time is close to parabolic. The growth of the intermetallic layer increases sharply with an increase of temperature to 450–560°C.3.The strength and plasticity of the copper-aluminum joints are sharply reduced at widths of the intermetallic layer over 5–10 µ.