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The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound consequences on the behaviour and habits of people in organisations. The objective of this study is to analyse the level of culture shock (CS) that university students have manifested after the period of distance learning (DL) and their physical return to university facilities. The Mumford (1998) questionnaire for the measurement of culture shock (CSQ) was implemented. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 341 questionnaires. The survey sample consists of university students from five different Italian universities. The study offers an innovative application to CSQ questionnaire (1998). Results show that university students suffer from culture shock when they return to university facilities after distance learning. Women with an average age above 30, in large universities, is the category most affected by culture shock. The results can help universities introduce actions to aid students' psychological and emotional well-being.

The modern world faces a number of significant economic and social challenges. It is essential to find the key tools, which will contribute to mitigate the expected problems. The authors suggested that education (human capital) represents one of these tools. In this context the 'way' from the university ecosystem to the entrepreneurial ecosystem is discussed as a tool for developing the local economy. The experience of 40 countries in the process of forming entrepreneurial universities has been studied and eight main challenges have been identified. To achieve this, the study uses a qualitative exploratory methodology. Specifically, it was decided to analyse the country Italy. The results offer a theoretical framework on the concepts of 'entrepreneurial students' and 'university ecosystem'.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate contemporary changes in the education system. In particular, an analysis of the mechanisms of coordination and communication involved in the process can show how different geographical factors with different relational mechanisms may contribute to the creation of a new academic entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: The authors propose a methodology with two-step approach. In the first part of the paper, they use a theoretical approach to carry out a longitudinal study of academic literature on the topics of "entrepreneurial university," "academic entrepreneurship" and "spin-off organizations." In the second part, they use cross-database analysis to theorize the main aspects of recent developments in higher education in Italy. To this end, the authors use three public and open-access databases on spin-offs, universities and higher education institutions and incubators in Italy. Findings: First, issues relating to the formation and best practices of entrepreneurial universities are discussed, based on the works of researchers from 25 countries. Second, a hypothesis is put forward to suggest that the organizational model of entrepreneurial university affects microeconomic competitiveness. Third, a case study of Italian spin-off organizations suggests that the number of incubators and spin-offs, and the type of academic knowledge, all directly affect the entrepreneurial university. Originality/value: This paper aims to examine the role of the university in the modern economic system. The originality of this investigation lies in its ability to offer a picture and first analysis of the main actors and of the entrepreneurial university system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to examine the determining factors of stress and the stressors affecting undergraduate and postgraduate students. The topic of stress in students has taken on an important role in academy literature of HRM. The study uses an explorative methodology with quali-quantitative methods. Data sample includes undergraduate and postgraduate business-school (B-school) students. The study investigates several aspects related to academic stress, such as college/university exams, parental expectations, attendance, assessment and final placements. Findings highlight that social stress constitutes about 20% of the variance explained in stress, followed by academic stress (university exam), academic stress (internal exam) and job-related stress which are 18%, 14% and 14.2% respectively. Social factor plays a role in causing stress; B-schools need to pay attention to formulation of strategies for social support.

The study seeks to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and its relative impact on students' academic performance. Several studies link SI with intellectual development. This study aims to analyse the phenomenon of spiritual intelligence (SI) within the framework of human resource development (HRD) research. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. The study was conducted among management students residing in Delhi NCR. The findings confirm that spiritual quotient factors are applicable in the Indian context. In addition, the study reveals that the spiritual quotient is significantly correlated with academic performance. The study uses the scale developed by King (2008) to measure spiritual intelligence through spiritual intelligence self report inventory (SISRI) which includes 24 statements. From the available constructs of the spiritual quotient, the critical existential thinking (CET) and the personal meeting production (PMP) have a positive relationship with academic performance. The academic performance is explained by 19% using CET and PMP. Therefore, management institutions must also instil the culture of spiritualism within the institute to improve the performance of management students. The study tries to cover part of the gap in the HRM literature on the SI topic.

This article uses a literature review to study the research areas of organisational resilience in family firms, during the generational change. The study offers a theoretical overview to explain on these themes. Our evidences show that the academic literature has reached a shared consensus on the importance of organisational resilience. However, there are few studies on organisational resilience in family firms. Our study suggests some reflections on two other phenomena link to organisational resilience: resistance and vulnerability. The implications offer new directions for managers to understand the importance of organisational resilience in the family firm to improve the survival of the organisations.