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Public health concerns exist surrounding the epidemic of the Zika virus (ZIKV) and the rapid growth of transplantation in developing countries, including endemic zones of active arbovirus transmission, as well as travel to such regions by potential organ donors and recipients. Few data exist regarding the clinical characteristics of ZIKVinfection in immunocompromised hosts. Laboratory screening protocols for transplantation to differentiate ZIKVinfections from other endemic viral diseases and for the detection of possible donor‐derived infection have not been stated. The diagnosis of ZIKVinfection remains a challenge, fueled by the lack of standardized commercially available diagnostic tests and validated reference diagnostic laboratories, as well as the limited duration of ZIKVviremia. In this small series, ZIKVinfection in renal and liver recipients presented without rash, conjunctivitis, or neurological symptoms, and with abnormal graft function, thrombocytopenia, and bacterial superinfection. We report the first case series of ZIKVinfection in solid organ recipients, with a description of clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic management. In this study, the authors describe the features of Zika infection in solid organ transplant. See the editorial from Blumberg and Fishman on page 599.

This article examines the fundamental right to know one's genetic origins, which has sufficient grounds in the Portuguese legal system. It analyzes the dimensions of such grounds and how they project their effects on the establishment and rebuttal of legal parentage, plenary adoption and on a donor's anonymity in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). The influence of fundamental rights on private law is explored.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the application of a commercial pectolytic enzyme preparation “Ultrazym” during grape maceration for the alternative processing of 7 single varietal Port-Wines (Tinta Barroca, Mourisco Tinto, Tinta Roriz, Rufete, Tinta da Barca, Tinta Santarem and Touriga Nacional). The effect of enzymatic treatment resulted in improvements in: i) juice yield; ii) colour extraction; iii) wine filterability. Juice yields increased by up to 6%, wine colour intensified by up to 40%, and wine filtration speed was considerably more rapid in the enzyme treated wines. © 2000 Altaga. All rights reserved.El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la aplicacion de un preparado enzimatico comercial durante la maceracion de la uva para realizar un procesado alternativo de 7 variedades monovarietales de vino de Oporto (Tinta Barroca, Mourisco Tinto, Tinta Roriz, Rufete, Tinta da Barca, Tinta Santarem y Touriga Nacional). El efecto del tratamiento enzimatico resulto en una mejora: i) del rendimiento en jugo; ii) de la extraccion de colorantes; iii) filtrabilidad del vino. El Rendimiento en jugo se incremento hasta un 6%, la intensidad del color del vino hasta un 40% y la velocidad de filtracion fue considerablemente mas rapida en los vinos preparados con enzimas. © 2000 Altaga. Todos los derechos reservados.Palabras clave: Vino, enzimas pectoliticos.O obxetivo deste traballo foi investiga-la aplicacion dun preparado enzimatico comercial durante a maceracion da uva para realizar un procesado alternativo de 7 variedades monovarietais de vino de Porto (Tinta Barroca, Mourisco Tinto, Tinta Roriz, Rufete, Tinta da Barca, Tinta Santarem e Touriga Nacional). O efecto do tratamento enzimatico resultou nunha mellora: i) do rendemento en xugo; ii) da extraccion de colorantes; iii) filtrabilidade do vino. O Rendemento en xugo incrementou-se hasta un 6%, a intensidade do color do vino hasta un 40% e a velocidadd de filtracion foi considerablemente mas rapida nos vinos preparados con enzimas. © 2000 Altaga. Todolos dereitos reservados.Palabras chave: Vino, enzimas pectoliticos.

(1) The physiological features of cerebello-thalamic transmission during the sleep-waking cycle have been investigated after surgical interruption of projection fibers from either the cerebellum or the pericruciate cortex to the ventro-lateral thalamic nucleus in chronic, unrestrained, unanaesthetized cats.(2) In particular, both presynaptic and postsynaptic components of responses evoked in the VL by stimulation of the brachium conjunctivum were recorded during the different stages of sleep and wakefulness, and their changes in amplitude according to the level of vigilance were statistically evaluated.(3) It has been found that (a) the degree of patency of BC presynaptic endings remains practically unchanged throughout the sleep-waking cycle, while (b) the VL thalamic output upon stimulation of the BC is lower during light sleep than during deep sleep and wakefulness, thus paralleling the results previously obtained in the intact preparation.(4) Moreover, both antidromic and direct activation of VL thalamic nucleus show that the level of excitability of thalamic relay cells is lower during light sleep than during deep sleep and wakefulness.(5) These results support the view that the occurrence of synaptic transmission changes in the VL during the sleep-waking cycle does not depend either on cortico-thalamic or cerebello-thalamic influences.