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Expansion microscopy physically enlarges biological specimens to achieve nanoscale resolution using diffraction-limited microscopy systems1. However, optimal performance is usually reached using laser-based systems (for example, confocal microscopy), restricting its broad applicability in clinical pathology, as most centres have access only to light-emitting diode (LED)-based widefield systems. As a possible alternative, a computational method for image resolution enhancement, namely, super-resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF)2,3, has recently been developed. However, this method has not been explored in pathology specimens to date, because on its own, it does not achieve sufficient resolution for routine clinical use. Here, we report expansion-enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations (ExSRRF), a simple, robust, scalable and accessible workflow that provides a resolution of up to 25 nm using LED-based widefield microscopy. ExSRRF enables molecular profiling of subcellular structures from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in complex clinical and experimental specimens, including ischaemic, degenerative, neoplastic, genetic and immune-mediated disorders. Furthermore, as examples of its potential application to experimental and clinical pathology, we show that ExSRRF can be used to identify and quantify classical features of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the murine ischaemic kidney and diagnostic ultrastructural features in human kidney biopsies.

There is a need to further develop digital and hardware tools to support consumers in the adaptation of their energy use to, for example, integrate renewable sources into it and/or reduce expenses. This paper presents an evaluation study of a tool, including its hardware and software versions, that supports consumers in their electricity consumption optimization, most notably concerning renewable energies for specific devices. We conducted a six-week study in Oldenburg, Germany involving 43 participants divided into three groups: one hardware and one digital variant each of an energy visualization tool, as well as a control group. We furthermore collected quantitative data on energy usage patterns and qualitative insights through semi-structured interviews. Here the participants received information about the percentage of renewable energy currently in the grid, and were asked to document their washing machine and dishwasher use. This paper provides insights into the perception of the proposed visualization tools achieved through semi-structured interviews, comparing the digital and hardware versions, while outlining the challenges of and possibilities for changing energy use behavior, especially regarding the time of day of an appliance's use. Even though the measurable influences of the tool were limited due to thresholds being reached too easily as a result of e.g. high wind levels generating higher-than-anticipated amounts of renewable energy, in terms of the amount of renewable energy use, slight improvements in the two test groups were observed compared to the control group. Regarding consumer behavior, changes in the appliances' use time show slightly higher improvement compared to the control group.

In this paper, we propose a path-planning problem for stereotactic neurosurgery using concentric tube robots. The main goal is to reach a given region of interest inside the brain, e.g. a tumor, starting from a feasible point on the skull with an ideally short path avoiding certain sensitive brain areas. To describe the shape of the entire cannula from an entry point to the point of interest we use an existing mechanical model for continuum robots. We show numerically that our approach enables the surgeon to reach areas within the brain that would be impossible with a straight cannula as it is currently state of the art.

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Ischemia-reperfusion edema is a common early complication after lung transplantation where the hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A plays a pivotal role. It remains unclear whether a VEGF blockade is beneficial in lung transplantation.

Context: Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common serious clinical problem. Up to date mortality due to AKI, especially in intensive care units, has not been changed significantly over the past 50 years. This is partly due to a delay in initiating renal protective and appropriate therapeutic measures since until now there are no reliable early-detecting biomarkers. The gold standard, serum creatinine, displays poor specificity and sensitivity with regard to recognition of the early period of AKI.Objective: Our objective was to review established markers versus novel urine and serum biomarkers of AKI in humans, which have progressed to clinical phase with regard to their diagnostic and prognostic value.Materials and methods: A review was performed on the basis of literature search of renal failure, acute kidney injury, and biomarkersin Pubmed.Results: Next to established biomarkers as creatinine and cystatin C, other molecules such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), monocyte chemotactic peptide (MCP-1), Netrin-1, and interleukin (IL)-18 are available and represent promising new markers that, however, need to be further evaluated in the clinical setting for suitability.Discussion: In clinical settings with incipient AKI, not only the development and the implementation of more sensitive biomarkers are required for earlier treatment initiation in order to attenuate the severity of kidney injury, but also equally important remains the substantial improvement and application of refined and prophylactic therapeutic options in these situations.Conclusion: Adequately powered clinical trials testing a row of biomarkers are warranted before they may qualify for full adoption in clinical practice.

The article explores why business owner says working at home is an acquired skill. Topics discussed include businesses have gone from limiting the size of meetings to prohibiting travel and work-at-home orders; conversation then turned to who are just starting to work at home and creating a designated workspace in the home as the kitchen or dining room table is not ideal.

For over 150 years the aetiology of juvenile angiofibroma has been addressed in numerous theories, but actual details remained unknown. Interesting new findings, reviewed here, are beginning to elucidate the aetiology of this fascinating tumour.

Objective/HypothesisAngiofibromas are clinically well characterized by their origin at the posterior lateral nasal wall close to the sphenopalatine foramen, their occurrence in male adolescent patients, and the histological findings of a benign fibrovascular neoplasm with irregular, endothelium‐lined vascular spaces in a fibrous stroma. However, their etiology and genetic causes remain unknown. The present study addresses genetic imbalances in angiofibromas.

The article reports that the U.S. Census results were released and revealed some good news for the Commonwealth as the Bay State's population grew by several percentage, making it the fastest-growing New England state and most of this growth occurred in the east.

Incommensurate configurations of Torus and Cantorus type, respectively, in a 3-harmonics variant of the Frenkel-Kontorova model are investigated. Novel phenomena that further relativize and generalize the conventional scenario based on the “standard map” are observed. In particular various competing types of Cantorus configurations can be detected. Besides cascades of secondorder Torus-Cantorus transitions the groundstate phase diagram contains an extremely complicated pattern of second-order and quasi-first order Cantorus-Cantorus transition lines. The system also supports metastable Cantorus configurations, especially unsymmetrical ones coming in degenerate pairs. The annihilation of hysteretic configurations is shown to be driven by exponentially localized soft modes.

Eichler: Novo Nordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Pilch:CSL Behring: Other: Grants (investigator initiated), Speakers Bureau; ASPIRE Award/Pfizer: Other: Grants (investigator initiated); Bayer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by diffuse growth and resistance to therapy. Angiogenesis in glioblastoma is poorly organized and therefore, tends to be associated with tumor cell necrosis, hemorrhage and thrombosis. This leads to the formation of a fibrin-rich extracellular matrix, which could provide important adhesive cues for glioblastoma growth and proliferation.

The author argues against buying local matters to agencies which could go through economic development and strengthen creative community from different regions.

The article focuses on issues related to the corporate makeover of the RiverBend Medical Group. Medical West, a health maintenance organization (HMO) created in the 1978, was owned by Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. Eventually, given environmental changes, the HMO decided to get out of the medical care business and it sold the physician practice. After one failed attempt, the physicians took charge to define their own destiny and became the owners of a multi-specialty physician practice which became known as RiverBend Medical Group in 1999.

In this article, the author focuses on the Springfield High School of Science and Technology (Sci-Tech), a public high school located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and its projects Sci-Tech that will help in developing visual and performing arts in Springfield.

The article presents the author's perspective regarding the presentation of Michael Porter, founder of Initiative for Competitive Inner City (ICIC), which discusses the successful inner city businesses in Springfield, Massachusetts.

In this article, the author discusses the learning she gained from the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City (ICIC) summit entitled "Growing Businesses in the Inner City: Building Capacity and Creating Impact," that was held in Washington, D.C. The author claims that the summit was personally affirming to her as a small-business owner in Springfield, Massachusetts. She believes that if Springfield is going to regain its economic health, it is time the city develops a strategy to keep it going.

The author discusses the management of Financial Control Board (FCB) to the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. Accordingly, the city has been characterized by progress during FCB's management for two and a half years. The city's $41 million budget deficit has allegedly been eliminated and more than 20 contracts have been negotiated. By these reasons, the author claimed to let FCB finish what it has already created to do before it be abolished by the administration of Governor Deval Patrick.

The term “multiforme” in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) indicates the highly variable histomorphology that cannot be addressed by studies on homogenized tissue probes. In order to relate genetic findings with histomorphologically distinct areas we used microdissection to procure defined cell populations from microscopic tissue sections under direct visualization. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 10 GBM were evaluated for intratumoral genetic heterogeneity by microdissection of multiple areas of 20-50 tumor cells and DOP-PCR of DNA isolated from the dissected cell groups, followed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Microdissected cells from histomorphologically normal extratumoral blood vessels from the same slides served as controls. The individual tumors showed variable combinations of primary chromosomal gains and losses common to all studied areas of a given case along with secondary, area-specific additional aberrations. CGH displayed a wider variety of chromosomal aberrations than metaphasc cytogenetics of cell cultures from the same tumors. The most frequent aberrations observed were previously unperceived gains on chromosomes 4q (8/ 10) and 5q (5/10). Other nonrandom aberrations were gains on 12q (6/10), 13q (6/10), and 7 (5/10), and losses of 22 (5/10). Amplifications on 7p were intratumorally heterogeneous and only found in single areas of 2 tumors. In contrast to normal extratumoral vessels, vascular proliferates in most cases demonstrated chromosomal aberrations (CGH) which were partially different from the aberrations observed in the tumor itself. The described method gives evidence of considerable intratumoral genetic heterogeneity in GBM and provides a sensitive tool for the detection of quantitative chromosomal changes that are present only regionally within a given tumor.

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Offers guidelines for designing an effective advertising and marketing campaign. Choosing advertising agencies; Cost concerns.