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Despite similar traditional risk factors, morbidity and mortality rates from coronary heart disease in western and non-western cohorts remain substantially different. Careful study of such cohorts may help identify novel [...]

The in vitro activities of ceftaroline, a novel, parenteral, broad-spectrum cephalosporin, and four comparator antimicrobials were determined against anaerobic bacteria. Against Gram-positive strains, the activity of ceftaroline was similar to that of amoxicillin-clavulanate and four to eight times greater than that of ceftriaxone. Against Gram-negative organisms, ceftaroline showed good activity against β-lactamase-negative strains but not against the members of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Ceftaroline showed potent activity against a broad spectrum of anaerobes encountered in respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections.

ABSTRACTThe in vitroactivities of ceftaroline, a novel, parenteral, broad-spectrum cephalosporin, and four comparator antimicrobials were determined against anaerobic bacteria. Against Gram-positive strains, the activity of ceftaroline was similar to that of amoxicillin-clavulanate and four to eight times greater than that of ceftriaxone. Against Gram-negative organisms, ceftaroline showed good activity against β-lactamase-negative strains but not against the members of the Bacteroides fragilisgroup. Ceftaroline showed potent activity against a broad spectrum of anaerobes encountered in respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections.

To determine whether memory performance in hypertensive subjects induces diminished parietal and prefrontal blood flow activation relative to normotensive subjects but compensatory amygdala/hippocampal activation.

ABSTRACTBy using an agar dilution method, the in vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, and five other agents were determined against 300 gram-positive and 54 gram-negative strains of intestinal anaerobes. Ramoplanin was active at ≤2 μg/ml against 287 of 300 (95.7%) gram-positive organisms, including 18 strains of Clostridium difficilefor which MICs of ramoplanin were 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml; for 3 of these, linezolid MICs were 8 to 16 μg/ml. Nineteen Clostridium innocuumstrains for which the vancomycin MIC at which 90% of strains were inhibited was 16 μg/ml were susceptible to ramoplanin at 0.06 to 0.25 μg/ml and to teicoplanin at 0.125 to 1.0 μg/ml. All strains of Eubacterium, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, and Peptostreptococcusspp. were inhibited by ≤0.25 μg of ramoplanin per ml and ≤1 μg of vancomycin per ml. Ramoplanin was also active at ≤4 μg/ml against 15 of 22 of the Prevotellaand Porphyromonasstrains tested, but ramoplanin MICs for all 31 strains of the Bacteroides fragilisgroup, the Fusobacterium mortiferum-Fusobacterium variumgroup, and Veillonellaspp. were ≥256 μg/ml. Ramoplanin displays excellent activity against C. difficileand other gram-positive enteric anaerobes, including vancomycin-resistant strains; however, it has poor activity against most gram-negative anaerobes and thus potentially has a lesser effect on the ecological balance of normal fecal flora.

We studied the comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem, a new carbapenem, against 240 aerobic and 180 anaerobic recent clinical bite isolates using an agar dilution method and an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/spot for aerobes and 10(5) cfu/spot for anaerobes. Ertapenem inhibited 410/420 (98%) of the isolates tested at < or = 4 mg/L with only 4/5 Campylobacter gracilis and 1/3 Campylobacter rectus strains requiring . or = 16 mg/L for inhibition. Ertapenem was only moderately active (MIC 8 mg/L) against 4/6 Enterococcus faecalis and 1/11 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. All Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella septica, Pasteurella canis, Pasteurella dagmatis, Moraxella spp. and EF-4 isolates were inhibited at < or = 0.015 mg/L. MIC(90)s for other aerobic genera and species were as follows: Corynebacterium spp., 4 mg/L; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 mg/L; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 mg/L; other coagulasenegative staphylococci, 0.25 mg/L; Streptococcus milleri group, 0.5 mg/L; Eikenella corrodens, 0.03 mg/L; and Bergeyella zoohelcum, 0.5 mg/L. For anaerobes the range of MICs and MIC(90)s were: Prevotella ssp., < or = 0.015-0.5, 0.125 mg/L; Porphyromonas spp., < or = 0.015-0.03, 0.015 mg/L; Fusobacterium spp., 0.015-0.125, 0.03 mg/L; Bacteroides tectum, 0.03-0.125, 0.125 mg/L; and Peptostreptococcus spp., 0.01-2, 1 mg/L. Ertapenem showed excellent potency against the full range of animal and human bite wound pathogens.

Gives advice on techniques and tackle to use when fishing for different fish including lake trout and salmon, channel cats and largemouth bass.

When a patient resuscitated from cardiac arrest remains unconscious the clinician would like to have a reliable early method for predicting the outcome. The objective of our study was to predict cerebral outcome after cardiac arrest by clinical neurological examination. The data were drawn from an international multicentre controlled clinical trial of thiopentone. Twelve hospitals in nine countries took part. 262 comatose cardiac arrest survivors were followed up for one year. These patients were given advanced life support (American Heart Association guidelines) followed by intensive care to a standardised protocol. Glasgow and Glasgow-Pittsburgh coma scores and their constituent signs were recorded at fixed times. Outcome was taken to be the best cerebral performance at any time during follow-up, and for that purpose we used cerebral performance categories (CPC 1-5) of the Glasgow outcome categories. A poor outcome (CPC 3-5) could be predicted immediately after reperfusion (at entry into the study) with an accuracy ranging from 52% to 84% for various signs and scores. On the third day it was possible to identify severely disabled or permanently comatose survivors without false predictions using both coma scores and several of their constituent variables. The best predictor was absence of motor response to pain. This modelling exercise now needs to be repeated on a new series of patients but the results do suggest that, after 3 days, stringent ethical criteria can be met and used in decision-making about termination of care in comatose cardiac arrest survivors.

A series of N-hydroxyurea derivatives have been prepared and examined as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase. Oral activity was established by examining the inhibition of LTB4 biosynthesis in an ex vivo assay in the mouse. The pharmacodynamic performance in the mouse of selected compounds was assessed using an ex vivo LTB4 assay and an adoptive peritoneal anaphylaxis assay at extended pretreat times. Compounds with an extended duration of action were re-examined as the individual enantiomers in the ex vivo assay, and the (S) enantiomer of N-hydroxy-N-[2,3-dihydro-6-(phenylmethoxy)-3-benzofuranyl]urea, (+)-1a (SB 202235), was selected as the compound with the best overall profile. Higher plasma concentrations and longer plasma half-lives were found for (+)-1a relative to its enantiomer in the mouse, monkey, and dog. In vitro metabolic studies in mouse liver microsomes established enantiospecific glucuronidation as a likely mechanism for the observed differences between the enantiomers of 1a. Enantioselective glucuronidation favoring (−)-1a was also found in human liver microsomes.

Describes the flathead catfish, found in freshwaters from Minnesota to Mexico. The ugly fish weigh up to 130 pounds or more, and have firm, white, flaky, tasty flesh. Gives tips on catching them. INSET: Flathead conservation..

Previous studies have demonstrated that premenopausal women are at reduced risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease, in contrast to postmenopausal women. However, limited data is available on the relationship between early carotid atherosclerosis and CV risk factors in premenopausal women, and peripheral artery distensibility (DIST) post menopause. We evaluated 187 postmenopausal women (mean age 59) for brachial artery DIST using pulse dynamic calibrated arterial pressure waveforms obtained by a cuff sphygmomanometer. The method has been previously documented. Risk factors such as blood pressure, fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose tolerance, serum lipids, and alcohol intake were obtained prior to menopause. Presence of early carotid atherosclerosis was determined using intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and plaque index obtained by ultrasound. Univariate analysis demonstrated that higher DIST was associated with lower premenopausal SBP (r=-0.28, p=0.0001), 2-hour glucose tolerance (r=-0.20, p=0.005), fasting insulin (r=-0.16, p=0.03), and triglycerides (r=-0.15, p=0.03). Alcohol consumption demonstrated an interesting trend (r=0.14, p=0.06). Carotid artery IMT (r=-0.20, p<0.005) and plaque index (r=-0.18, p=0.013) also correlated significantly. A log transformation was used to approximate a normal distribution for DIST In multivariate linear regression, controlling for age, independent predictors of DIST were lower SBP (p<0.001), lower 2-hour glucose tolerance (p=0.040), and lower alcohol intake (p=0.043). When carotid IMT was added to the model, thicker walls were associated with lower DIST, and this was borderline significant (p=0.075). Thus, we conclude that in healthy middle-aged women, premenopausal values for SBP, 2-hour glucose tolerance, and alcohol consumption are associated with a degree of vascular DIST measured 8 years post menopause.

Suggests that to get a won't-strike-anything bass, use a long jigging pole, ultralight rods and reels, 4- to 8-pound fishing line, and fraction-of-an ounce jigs, crankbaits, spoons, or spinners. This type of gear is usually used for crappies; Procedures; Eight hints; More.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Reveals that blood-pressure treatment slows the progression of carotid stenosis in patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Other factors related to progression.