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This study sought to examine the frequency and hemodynamic correlates of shortness of breath when bending forward, a symptom we have termed “bendopnea.”

The relation of body fat distribution to left ventricular (LV) structure and function is poorly defined.

Profound abnormalities in myocardial energy metabolism occur in heart failure and correlate with clinical symptoms and survival. Available comprehensive human metabolic data come from small studies, enrolling patients across heart failure causes, at different disease stages, and using different methodologies, and is often contradictory. Remaining fundamental gaps in knowledge include whether observed shifts in cardiac substrate utilization are adaptive or maladaptive, causal or an epiphenomenon of heart failure.