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Magnesium is a macroelement with a wide range of biological effects, necessary for the proper functioning of cells. This macroelement shows antioxidant activity, therefore it is a rather effective agent in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer. However, the mechanisms of the therapeutic properties of this element, especially its potential antitumor activities, have not yet been fully explained. One of the more important elements of the current anticancer strategy may be the modulating effect of compounds on the lysosomal system. Therefore, the aim of our research was to evaluate the range of action of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) on the activity of the lysosomal compartment ofin vitroandin vivocells. The CHO-K1 normal cell line was used in thein vitrostudies. The cells were incubated in a medium with the addition of MgSO4at the following concentrations: 25 μM, 125 μM and 250 μM for 24 and 48 h. Thein vivostudies were performed on 2-month-old albino male Wistar rats treated with MgSO4at a concentration of 0.06 mg Mg/ml for 12 and 18 weeks. It was shown that the exposure of CHO-K1 cells and rat liver cells to MgSO4induced significant ultrastructural, morphological and biochemical changes. The reportedin vivoandin vitrochanges, such as an increased number of autophagic vacuoles, primary lysosomes, autophagolysosomes, growth of cytoplasmic vacuolization and an increase in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases, indicate that MgSO4activates the lysosomal system. The range of the reported changes in relation to the lysosomal system, bothin vitroandin vivo, was dependent on the concentration and duration of action of MgSO4.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the herbicide on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) hematological parameters, ultrastructure of hematopoietic tissues and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol. Fish were exposed to 2.5 μg/l of pendimethalin for 14 days and for the next 30 days subjected to purification. Pendimethalin slightly affected red blood cell values, while more pronounced and persistent changes in white blood cell parameters indicate inflammatory response. In hematopoietic tissues only minor alterations in precursor cells were observed followed by cleanup process. Pendimethalin exposure induced significant increase in concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol which indicates stress response.

Common carp juveniles were subjected to 14 day exposure to 100μg/l of MCPA (phenoxy acid herbicide) and 30 day depuration. Peripheral blood parameters were analyzed after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of exposure at 7, 14 and 30 days of depuration. Ultrastructure of hematopoietic tissues of head and trunk kidney and spleen were analyzed after the end of exposure and purification. Results showed that MCPA exposure induced only minor and transient alterations in red blood parameters but more pronounced changes in leukocyte differential count: a significant and persistent depletion of mature neutrophils during both exposure and depuration, and monocytosis during exposure. These changes indicate a possible inflammatory process and immunosuppression caused by this herbicide. Analysis of hematopoietic tissue revealed no major pathologic lesions but some minor ultrastructural anomalies. Hematopoietic precursor cells with blurred ultrastructure, some vacuoles in cytoplasm with different electron density and size, melanomacrophage and myelin-like structures were observed during exposure and particularly during depuration. These changes indicate a weak cytotoxic effect of MCPA on carp hematopoietic system.