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In this study, a grafted copolymer based on chitosan and Brij S100 (CTS–Brij S100) was prepared to design a nanocarrier system that increases the sensitivity of tetracycline (Tetra) against methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA). The self‐assembly behavior of CTS–Brij S100 to micelles was confirmed by the benzoylacetone assay. About 4.6 ± 0.175% of Tetra was encapsulated into CTS–Brij S100 with an efficiency of 96.9 ± 0.213%. Dynamic light scattering determined the size of Tetra‐loaded nanoparticles (CTS–Brij S100@Tetra) to be 85.5 ± 1.913 nm with narrow distribution. The high‐positive value of CTS–Brij S100@Tetra (zeta = + 30.9 mV) indicates a stable colloidal system. The release profile of Tetra from CTS–Brij S100 followed the Weibull model with a complex diffusion mechanism. The bactericidal efficacy was tested against MSSA. Interestingly, the blank CTS–Brij S100 nanoparticle could express its inhibition to MSSA when the concentration was 150 μg/mL. Therefore, with the help of CTS–Brij S100, Tetra had superior bactericidal efficiency comparable to free form. In vitro biocompatibility test on fibroblast cells (L929) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) ensures the safety of CTS–Brij S100. It can be concluded that the CTS–Brij S100 system holds potential for applications in facilitating the delivery of the antibiotic Tetra.

The current research aims to predict and optimize process conditions to produce germinated VD20 with a high rate of germination and antioxidant properties. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to build models with three factors [soaking time (ST: 4–6 h), germination time (GT: 18–22 h), and germination temperature (33–37 °C)] and three replications. The data set from the BBD experiment was used to create an artificial neural network (ANN) model that estimated the change in responses by variable factors. The ANN model was extremely accurate, with an overall correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9997 and showed the best fit with actual and predicted data. The germination conditions were further optimized using multi-objective RSM, which revealed that the optimal conditions were ST of 5.34 h, GT of 20.78 h, and germination temperature of 35.6 °C. The experimental validation revealed a high level of agreement between the results of the BBD models forecasted and the actual experimental values. The ANN-coupled BBD methodology is a promising hybrid method for modeling, forecasting, and optimizing the impact of process conditions on the quality of germinated grain. In addition, the raw and germinated VD20 rice were analyzed for their techno-functional properties, estimated glycemic index (eGI), and FTIR. Lower peak viscosity, values of breakdown and setback, and phytic acid were found after rice was germinated. The result revealed that high antioxidant content and activity, which were confirmed by the FTIR pattern, and low digestion behaviors (eGI = 64.23) were the attributes of the germinated product. Furthermore, the results of pasting, thermal, swelling power, and solubility showed the wide range of further application of this material, which should receive more consideration in future research.

Novel green synthesis protocols of 2‐thioxo‐4‐quinazolinones starting from 2‐aminobenzamide and isothiocyanates have been reported. Method A: the reaction was carried out at 60 °C, in water, reaction time of 16 h. Method B: The reaction was carried out under solvent‐free conditions at 100 °C for 16 h. Based on these methods, six 2‐thixo‐4‐quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized with good yield. These methods have advantages, including no use of organic solvents, additives that avoid the generation of toxic waste, simple processes, cost‐effectiveness, good yields, ease of product isolation, and purification.

Essential oil extraction technique from mandarin pixie peels by hydro-distillation is optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Mathematical techniques were used in experimental design to evaluate the impacts of factors that affect the extraction process and improve the yield of the extraction process. A central mixed design based on influencing variables such as water ratio (3–5 mL/g), temperature (110–130 °C) and extraction time (90–150 min) was adopted with essential oil yield as the target function. Correlation analysis of the mathematical regression model showed that the quadratic polynomial model can be used to optimize hydro-distillation of pixie mandarin oil. The results showed that under the optimum extraction conditions, the highest quantity of essential oils was achieved (7.28 mL/100 g materials). In terms of statistical analysis, the significance levels (p-value <0.05) of the model showed that the experimental results had a good impact between factors. The coefficient of determination indicating the match between the experimental value and the predicted value of the model was high (R2>0.9). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, revealing the dominance of limonene content (97.667%), which implies that the essential oil of pixie mandarin could be an alternative source of limonene.

We disclose the synthesis of 3-arylquinoxalin-2-ones from o-phenylenediamines and readily available arylacetates. The method harnesses the selective oxidative property of elemental sulfur in the presence of amine base catalyst and DMSO. The reactions are operationally simple and tolerate a wide range of functional groups.

Pomelo (Citrus maxima(Burm. f.) Merr) fresh cut has a highly sensitive fruit and has a short shelf life after peeling. The fruits represent high potentials for local consumption and international export. The objective of the study was to focus on the effects of different concentrations of sodium alginate (1%, 1.5% and 2%) combined with fixed concentrations of calcium chloride (2%) and ascorbic acid (2.5%) to biologically active compounds and allowable microbial content on the surface pomelo fresh cut slices. The results showed that the presence of coating has improved several important quality parameters of the fruit. Specifically, the combination of AL (2%) + AA (2.5%) + calcium chloride (2%) Ascorbic acid (AA) has effectively maintained the total polyphenol content and the total ascorbic acid of the pomelo slice samples, thus exhibiting higher DPPH scavenging activity, as compared to control samples. Furthermore, the pomelo coated with alginate showed good conditions for consumption with minimal microbial degradation and describe good acceptance after 6 days of storage.