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Living‐donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) is one of the final options for saving patients with pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We retrospectively investigated 19 patients who had undergone LDLLT after HSCT in Japan. Eight patients underwent LDLLT after HSCT in which one of the donors was the same living donor as in HSCT (SD group), while 11 received LDLLT from relatives who were not the HSCT donors (non‐SD group). In the SD group, three patients underwent single LDLLT. The 5‐year survival rate was 100% and 58% in the SD and non‐SD groups, respectively. In the SD group, postoperative immunosuppression was significantly lower than in the non‐SD group. Two patients died of infection and one died of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in the non‐SD group, while only one patient died of PTLD 7 years after LDLLT in the SD group. Hematologic malignancy relapsed in two patients in the non‐SD group. For the three single LDLLTs in the SD group, immunosuppression was carefully tapered. In our study, LDLLT involving the same donor as for HSCT appeared to have advantages related to lower immunosuppression compared to LDLLT from relatives who were not the HSCT donors.

Living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) is one of the final options for saving patients with pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We retrospectively investigated 19 patients who had undergone LDLLT after HSCT in Japan. Eight patients underwent LDLLT after HSCT in which one of the donors was the same living donor as in HSCT (SD group), while 11 received LDLLT from relatives who were not the HSCT donors (non-SD group). In the SD group, three patients underwent single LDLLT. The 5-year survival rate was 100% and 58% in the SD and non-SD groups, respectively. In the SD group, postoperative immunosuppression was significantly lower than in the non-SD group. Two patients died of infection and one died of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in the non-SD group, while only one patient died of PTLD 7 years after LDLLT in the SD group. Hematologic malignancy relapsed in two patients in the non-SD group. For the three single LDLLTs in the SD group, immunosuppression was carefully tapered. In our study, LDLLT involving the same donor as for HSCT appeared to have advantages related to lower immunosuppression compared to LDLLT from relatives who were not the HSCT donors.

An experimental scheme of digital speckle pattern interferometry using two electromagnetic shutters and a three-frame color image board is presented to measure two in-plane components of incremental displacement field of diffuse objects. The deformation of the entire process from initial elastic deformation to fracture can be observed by using a Magneto Optical (MO) disk that has enough memory to record the image data of the entire process. By this system, some tensile experiments are achieved to investigate the mechanism of plastic deformation. The experimental results show that plastic deformation of tensile deformation is nonuniform. The material deforms in the distribution of domains. In the domains, the main deformation is uniform shear and rotation. At the boundary of the domains, the deformation is very large normal strain. With load, both the range and mode of domains are changing. At the end of plastic deformation, only two domains become dominant, and fracture happens at the boundary of the two domains.

In multispectral imaging it is advantageous to compress spectral information with a minimum loss of information in a way that permits accurate recovery of the spectrum. By use of the simple vector-subspace model that we propose, spectral information can be stored and recovered by the use of a few inner products, which are easy to measure optically. Two large data sets, the first consisting of 1257 Munsell colors and the other of 218 naturally occurring spectral reflectances, were analyzed to form two bases for the model. The Munsell basis can be used to represent the natural colors, and the basis derived from the natural data can be used to represent the Munsell data. The proposed vector-subspace model includes a simple relation between the inner products and conventional color coordinates. It also provides a way to estimate the spectrum of an object that has known chromaticity coordinates.

Fundamental properties of the phase-modulation ability of a nematic liquid-crystal cell are studied. Based on these phase-modulation properties of the liquid-crystal cell, a new type of speckle-shearing interferometer is proposed and studied experimentally. A liquid-crystal cell is employed as a phase shifter to implement the phase-shifting method for the conventional speckle-shearing interferometer. From the experiments used to measure the deformation of an object, the usefulness of the method is confirmed. Finally, a compensation method for phase-shift error is proposed on the basis of the statistical properties of the fully developed speckle field. In this method the speckle phase is regarded, in a statistical sense, as a standard phase object used to calibrate the measuring system. Experiments to confirm the error-compensation method are performed, and it is shown that the phase-shift error can be determined with an accuracy of as much as λ/100.

An optical arrangement was made on a cascade-type coherent double-diffraction system containing a movable grating and two spatial filters. Heterodyne detection was done by measuring time intervals between zero-crossing times of two sinusoidal waves. A microcomputer and peripheral circuits controlled the entire system. The accuracy of the system was higher than λ/50.

The surface of a flow seeded with aluminium oxide particles is photographed with two pulsed illuminations of whitelight. When the resultant double-exposure specklegram is optically processed using a spatial filtering technique, an equivelocity pattern can be obtained. Especially, a coloured display of the pattern by the white-light reconstruction gives many useful informations about the flow state.

A new technique of optical interferometry based on the statistics of the fully developed speckle field is proposed. It is revealed that the complete randomness of the speckle phase can play the role of a standard phase in a statistical sense, and the phase of the object under testing can be derived in a statistical way, in contrast to conventional interferometry. The technique is first described in relation to the phase-shifting interferometry and the compensation problem for the phase-shift error. Next the method is generalized as an independent interferometric technique.