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Kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) have been proven as reliable systems for astrophysical observations, especially in the millimeter range. Their compact size enables them to optimally fill the focal plane, thus boosting sensitivity. The KIDs Interferometric Spectral Surveyor (KISS) instrument is a millimeter camera that consists of two KID arrays of 316 pixels each coupled to a Martin–Puplett interferometer (MPI). The addition of the MPI grants the KID camera the ability to provide spectral information in the 100 and 300 GHz range. In this paper, we report the main properties of the KISS instrument and its observations. We also describe the calibration and data analysis procedures used. We present a complete model of the observed data including the sky signal and several identified systematics. We have developed a full photometric and spectroscopic data analysis pipeline that translates our observations into science-ready products. We show examples of the results of this pipeline on selected sources: the Moon, Jupiter, and Venus. We note the presence of a deficit of response with respect to expectations and laboratory measurements. The detector's noise level is consistent with values obtained during laboratory measurements, pointing to a suboptimal coupling between the instrument and the telescope as the most probable origin for the problem. This deficit is large enough to prevent the detection of galaxy clusters, which were KISS's main scientific objective. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated the feasibility of this kind of instrument in the prospect of other KID interferometers (such as the CONCERTO instrument). In this regard, we have developed key instrumental technologies such as optical conception, readout electronics, and raw calibration procedures, as well as adapted data analysis procedures.

Preparative gas chromatography, associated with some other physical analysis methods, has permitted identification of all the isomers of monochloro-(4 solutes) and dichloro-(10 solutes) methyl butanes and of monochloro-methyl butenes (11 solutes); it is shown that the use of highly efficient analytical columns of different polarity permits the separation of all the solutes and, consequently, after calibration, their quantitative determination in mixtures.

The subject of this paper is the hydrocarbon group analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures. Retention index variations with temperature are specific of an hydrocarbon group such as branched-chain alcanes, olefins and diolefins, cycloolefins and cyclodiolefins. Temperature dependences of retention indexes are estimated to be linear in the range considered in this work; they are expressed as retention index differences for a temperature increase of 10°C (ΔI/10°). These quantities are quite small so that the determinations of retention indexes must be carried out with utmost precision.

Dissolved hydrocarbons have been extracted by means of chloroform, from coastal and open sea waters; after isolation of the unsaponifiable fraction and preparative thin-layer chromatography, they were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

The author has investigated optimum elution and detection conditions for gas chromatographic determination of hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide traces, between 10 and 1000 ppm, in an inert gas. It was found that only by reducing contact between effluent and metal surfaces, a general use of Teflon, and the use of a highly sensitive and selective detection system, such as flame photometry, can sufficiently rapid, precise, and repeatable results be obtained.