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We explore how Norwegian software developers experienced remote work under the pandemic and after restrictions were waved and describe simple behaviors and attitudes related to psychological safety. We find flexible work to offer a trade-off between being able to stay focused and as a team being able to maintain psychological safety.

Objective: To compare the results of chronic anal fissure treatment with 10 IU and 40 IU botulinum toxin type A.

Supplying people with pure and safe water is a great challenge all over the world. Concentrations of iron in drinking water are normally less than 0.3 mg/l but may be higher in countries where underground water with high concentrations of iron salts, and galvanized iron pipes are used for water distribution. Iron promotes undesirable bacterial growth (iron-oxidizing bacteria) within a waterworks and distribution system, resulting in the deposition of a brown slimy coating (biofouling) on the piping. Iron biofouling in water does not usually present a health risk. It may present some concern if pathogenic bacteria, which require iron to grow and increase virulence, have entered a water supply system. In this study, the viability of pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonellaspp., K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) under conditions modelling the water supply pipes containing iron-oxidizing bacteria has been investigated. For that, the activity of iron-oxidizing bacteria was modelled in LB broth along with the addition of the hydrosol of ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)3sol) at final concentrations of 0.04–3.0 mM. Based on the experimental data, studied pathogens can be arranged as S. enteritidis> K. pneumoniae> P. aeruginosa> S. aureusby decreasing of their survival ability in presence of (Fe(OH)3sol) in the broth and biofilm. These data suggest that the full-scale revision of standards regulation drinking water is strictly required because of the potential of iron and iron-oxidizing bacteria to provide the survival of the dangerous pathogens via protection in biofilms.

In this work, data on the development of such an important section of Electrical Engineering as “Electrical conductors and methods for their manufacture” are gathered together. The information collected will allow you to compare different materials suitable for the manufacture of electrically conductive structures. The paper also has a history of the development of this section, as well as a patent study of relevant and unusual methods for the manufacture of electrical conductors.

This study investigates long‐term sea level changes in the South China Sea (SCS) using a validated high‐resolution regional ocean model simulation for the Maritime Continent. The contributions of ocean mass redistribution and steric sea level are examined to understand the sea level variations. The ocean bottom pressure (OBP) serves as an indicator of sea level variations linked to alterations in ocean mass flux. The OBP accounts for over 80% of the total sea level change over the shelves, while the steric sea level emerges as the dominant factor, contributing over 50% to the sea level change in the deep SCS. Luzon Strait transport shows a weakening trend in the last six decades, resulting in higher heat accumulation and larger steric expansion in the deep SCS. The ocean mass redistribution acts as a mechanism to balance the contrasting steric induced sea level changes over the deep SCS and shallow continental shelves. The South China Sea (SCS) has vast continental shelves covering more than half of its surface area. The study investigates long‐term sea level changes in the SCS using an ocean general circulation model simulation, considering steric sea level (water expansion due to temperature and salinity changes) and ocean mass redistribution. The analysis showed a significant increase in steric sea level in the deep SCS, while the contribution of ocean mass redistribution decreased. The mass redistribution was responsible for over 80% of the total sea level change, except in the deep SCS, where steric sea level dominated. Weakened flow from the Pacific Ocean to the SCS led to more heat accumulation and higher steric expansion in the deep SCS, causing water to redistribute toward the shelves. About 80% of the sea level changes over the South China Sea (SCS) shelves are attributed to the redistribution of ocean mass from deeper regionsThe SCS throughflow has exhibited a weakening trend over the past six decadesSteric sea level changes, driven by fluctuations in Luzon Strait transport, dominate long‐term sea level variations in the SCS About 80% of the sea level changes over the South China Sea (SCS) shelves are attributed to the redistribution of ocean mass from deeper regions The SCS throughflow has exhibited a weakening trend over the past six decades Steric sea level changes, driven by fluctuations in Luzon Strait transport, dominate long‐term sea level variations in the SCS

The paper proposes a study of a sample of 1,000 contexts for crimson, both the adjective and noun, in COCA with the aim of pointing out the insufficient and inaccurate dictionary definitions of crimson. The paper reveals the ambivalent nature of the meaning of crimson and offers a model of the senses of the crimson-adjective, demonstrating also the relative frequencies of the homonymous nouns within each of the senses. The key point of the paper consists in revealing the complex semantic structure of this adjective and its homonymous noun involving a broad range of synesthetic responses to positive and negative experiences of crimson as a visual aspect of a situation represented by various contexts. The analysis also demonstrates a correlation between the different senses of crimson, both noun and adjective, and the specific genres of text.

ABSTRACTSatellite remote sensing has provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the spatio-temporal change of the Earth’s climate system. In this study, we take advantage of the oceanographic satellite-based data to examine the global mean sea level rise, with a focus on a transitional episode (1994–2003) referred to as the onset of recent global warming hiatus. We remove the signals accounted for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and solar radiation using an Empirical Orthogonal Function and multivariate regression analysis. The trend estimates over the period 1993–2015 are significantly improved in accordance with the reduction of uncertainty by half. Our results associate the observed deceleration of sea level rise during the onset with the climate oscillations. It strengthens a conclusion deduced by an alternative approach using modelling, whilst highlights the robustness of combining satellite-based datasets and climate indices in a reliable statistical estimation.

Using the upstream polynomial approximation a series of accurate two‐dimensional explicit numerical schemes is developed for the solution of the convection–diffusion equation. A third‐order polynomial approximation (TOP) of the convection term and a consistent second‐order approximation of the diffusion term are combined in a single‐step flux‐difference algorithm. Stability analysis confirms that the TOP‐12 scheme satisfies the CFL condition for two dimensions. Using smaller and narrower flux stencils compared to algorithms of similar accuracy, the TOP‐12 scheme is more efficient in terms of computations per single node. Numerical tests and comparison with other well‐known algorithms show a high performance of the developed schemes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A multiphase oil spill model has been developed to simulate consequences of accidental oil spills in the marine environment. Six state variables are computed simultaneously: an oil slick thickness on the water surface; concentration of dissolved, emulsified and paniculate oil phases in the water column; and concentration of dissolved and paniculate oil phases in the bottom sediments. A consistent Eulerian approach is applied across the model, the oil slick thickness is computed using the layer-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and for transport of the oil phases in the water column the advection-diffusion equation is employed. The kinetic terms are developed to control the oil mass exchange between the variables. The governing equations are verified using test cases, data and other models. The model is useful for short and long-term predictions of the spilled oil dynamics and fate, including application of the oil combating elements, such as chemical dispersants and booms.

According to AES and XPS results, the oxidation state of In in Pb1-xInxTe (x= 0.056) is lower than in In2Te3, corresponding to In+as the major state. The bond valence sum calculations show that In atoms more readily occupy the octahedral sites, substituting for lead.

Photoadsorbed oxygen is the intermediate for the photo-isotope exchange of molecular oxygen with the ZnO surface. Its most active species are those having a maximum intensity in thermal desorption spectra at 390–430 K.

When contacting with dispersed γ-Al2O3, ozone molecules were found to dissociate with the efficiency η∼10−4. The reaction is accompanied by luminescence in the 350≤λ≤600 nm region. A two-step model of the process is suggested implying the occupation of surface sites by atomic oxygen and their subsequent regeneration. При контакте с дисперсной γ-Al2O3озон распадается с эффективностью η∼10−4. Реакция сопровождается люминесценцией в области 350 ≤λ≤600 нм. Предполагается двухстадийная схема процесса, включающая последовательно заполнение атомарным кислородом и регенерацию поверхностных центров.

The method of X-ray diffuse scattering is used to characterize the point defect structure in Pb1−xInxTe (x=0.005–0.055) single crystals. It is found that clusters of both vacancy and interstitial defects are present in all samples, but the ratio of their concentrations varies depending on the doping level. The clusters of interstitial point defects are supposed to be dislocation loops formed from Pbiand Tei, while the clusters of vacancy-type defects may be formed from complexes of In atoms and tellurium vacancies.

The article is devoted to the development of mathematical models for calculating the statics and dynamics of membrane sensitive elements of microelectromechanical control systems. The nonlinear analysis of membrane sensitive elements and the finite element method are considered. The analysis of various options for membrane elastic sensitive elements of pressure sensors and their theoretical models. The method of numerical simulation, the method of linear analysis of static deformation and the comparison of the results of a theoretical calculation of the deformation profiles with experimental values are used. A method for calculating statics and dynamics, membrane and beam microelectromechanical control systems provides a high degree of adequacy with real stress-strain states in the structures of membrane and beam elastic microelectromechanical control systems, as well as reducing the complexity of engineering calculations.

The article is devoted to the temperature error of micromechanical accelerometers, as well as the development of structural and technological solutions to improve the accuracy parameters of micromechanical devices, primarily the stabilization of output parameters. To reduce the error, a number of methodologies and design and technological solutions were developed that helped to improve accuracy, i.e. reduce temperature error. Analytical methods for estimating errors, methods for analyzing the effect of temperature on a measuring circuit and identifying elements that lead to a distortion of the measuring function of conversion were considered. Different types of errors were considered. Used statistical methods. Calibration issues considered. The proposed techniques can significantly improve the accuracy of determining the error model coefficients, as a result of which a more accurate accelerometer calibration is obtained. The use of the algorithmic component has significantly reduced the effect of temperature on the output signals.

The article describes a mathematical model of a three-tier client-server architecture. The importance of using an intermediate server (application server), which provides preliminary data processing, is shown. Analytical conditions are obtained under which a three-tier architecture is more efficient than a two-tier one. Methods are proposed for increasing the performance of client-server systems in the tasks of automating production processes.

Composite model of emergencies forecasting of technological process of chemical water purification for the nuclear power plant (NPP) is considered. To create a neural network component of this model the Neural Networks Toolbox MATLAB package is used. In the process of neural net training the gradient of error functionality in three controlled parameters is calculated: viz., specific electric conductivity, hydrogen indicator pH, concentration of silicon acid. A comparison was made of a training algorithm of CGF realizing Fletcher-Reeves method with LM algorithm of Levenberg-Markvardt. The conclusion is drawn that a sufficiently exact repetition of a type of initial function of the proximity degree to an emergency occurs when the LM algorithm is used.

The paper considers possible application of modern prognostication techniques as an element of a quality control system. Applied mathematical tools are the artificial indistinct neural networks with the inverse distribution of a TSK type architecture error. The analysis is made of the factors influencing the ferroconcrete durability. The selected input characteristics are: the sand fineness module, the number of of a lamellar and needle-shaped grains in crushed stone, cement volume weight, of a cement stone strength. The output parameter is the arithmetical mean value of the destroying force by the results of three experiments. The MS Access database was formed on the basis of the laboratory logbooks of the production input control. Two groups of tuples are formed: for training of indistinct neural network and for adequacy tests of the trained network. Mathematical model showed the efficiency of testing. The average error value was 9.6 kg/cm2 or 2%.

The article describes a mathematical model of a three-tier client-server architecture. The importance of using an intermediate server (application server), which provides preliminary data processing, is shown. Analytical conditions are obtained under which a three-tier architecture is more efficient than a two-tier one. Methods are proposed for increasing the performance of client-server systems in the tasks of automating production processes.

Composite model of emergencies forecasting of technological process of chemical water purification for the nuclear power plant (NPP) is considered. To create a neural network component of this model the Neural Networks Toolbox MATLAB package is used. In the process of neural net training the gradient of error functionality in three controlled parameters is calculated: viz., specific electric conductivity, hydrogen indicator pH, concentration of silicon acid. A comparison was made of a training algorithm of CGF realizing Fletcher-Reeves method with LM algorithm of Levenberg-Markvardt. The conclusion is drawn that a sufficiently exact repetition of a type of initial function of the proximity degree to an emergency occurs when the LM algorithm is used.

The paper considers possible application of modern prognostication techniques as an element of a quality control system. Applied mathematical tools are the artificial indistinct neural networks with the inverse distribution of a TSK type architecture error. The analysis is made of the factors influencing the ferroconcrete durability. The selected input characteristics are: the sand fineness module, the number of of a lamellar and needle-shaped grains in crushed stone, cement volume weight, of a cement stone strength. The output parameter is the arithmetical mean value of the destroying force by the results of three experiments. The MS Access database was formed on the basis of the laboratory logbooks of the production input control. Two groups of tuples are formed: for training of indistinct neural network and for adequacy tests of the trained network. Mathematical model showed the efficiency of testing. The average error value was 9.6 kg/cm2 or 2%.

Accelerometers, pressure sensors and gyros have good prospects for the future among the wide range of micromechanical instruments that are developing most dynamically. The paper describes the modified version of the design of the pressure sensitive element created by the author with improved metrological characteristics and increased accuracy rates.

Within the CEC-CIS study project JSP-1, a collaboration has been established between the Cybernetics Centre (CC) of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and CEC contractors to develop further the EC decision support system RODOS for offsite emergency management. The experience obtained in the CC during real-time computing of radionuclide dispersion in the River Pripyat and River Dnieper is being used to develop the surface water submodel of RODOS. To account for the large differences in temporal and spatial scales of the events under consideration, a hierarchy set of the radionuclide dispersion models has been developed. The set includes: box type model, one-dimensional (1-D) channel model, two-dimensional (2-D) lateral-longitudinal model, 2-D vertical model. These models have been applied to the River Rhine and its tributaries in collaboration with Kernforschungszentrum, Germany as a first step towards a surface water submodel of the demonstration version of RODOS.

In 1992, a joint EC-CIS team of experts started to develop a hydrological module for the decision support system RODOS. A model chain was outlined covering the processes such as run-off of radionuclides from watersheds following deposition from the atmosphere, transport of radionuclides in river systems and the radionuclide behaviour in lakes and reservoirs. The output from the hydrological transport chain is used to calculate the main exposure pathways such as the doses derived from the consumption of drinking water, fish, irrigated foodstuffs and from external irradiation. Test and validation studies of the whole chain as well as for individual models were performed on the basis of experimental data from the basins of the Dnieper and Rhine. A user-friendly graphical interface was developed to operate the individual models inside the hydrological module.