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An electrochemical synthesis of mono- and 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropanes is demonstrated. Starting from readily available 1,3-dialkyl bromides, this method hinges on the integration of a sacrificial reductant alongside cost-effective cathode and anode materials. The refined approach eliminates the necessity for a divided cell and the use of hazardous or costly electrodes, thereby streamlining the transition of this protocol to a continuous flow system. In addition, an alternative protocol that utilizes a simple sacrificial anode is also described.

Background:Beyond-use dates (BUDs) in compounding practice are assigned from stability studies. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 42 NF 37) suggested to assign a 6 months BUD for dry oral forms. A new pediatric formula of amiodarone capsules was implemented in our hospital, with 3 dosages (5 mg, 20 mg, and 50 mg). Objective:BUD of these new formulas had to be determined by stability study. Methods:The method for the determination of amiodarone content was validated to be stability indicating, and a stability study was performed. Different excipients commonly used for capsule compounding were compared. Results:We found that, with microcrystalline cellulose as excipient, 50 mg amiodarone capsules were stable for 1 year, whereas 5 mg and 20 mg capsules were not. This difference was studied, and lactose or mannitol were found to be better excipients for 5 mg amiodarone capsules, despite their potential side effects. A potential drug-excipient interaction between microcrystalline cellulose and amiodarone hydrochloride is described. Conclusion:Amiodarone hydrochloride/microcrystalline cellulose capsules have a BUD of 1 month for 5 mg capsules, 6 months for 20 mg, and 1 year for 50 mg.

We report here the intermolecular metal-free addition reaction of functionalized benzyl halides to aldehydes using a super electron donor (SED). The metal-free and mild conditions allowed the formation of 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and 1,2-diarylethanols with unprecedented functional group tolerance.