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Ohio law provides numerous opportunities for exemptions and exclusions from sales and use tax. Among these are the manufacturing exemption, the research and development exemption, the packaging exemption and the [...]

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are abundant in mucosal tissues and involved in tissue homeostasis and barrier function. Although several ILC subsets have been identified, it is unknown if additional heterogeneity exists, and their differentiation pathways remain largely unclear. We applied mass cytometry to analyze ILCs in the human fetal intestine and distinguished 34 distinct clusters through a t-SNE–based analysis. A lineage (Lin)−CD7+CD127−CD45RO+CD56+ population clustered between the CD127+ ILC and natural killer (NK) cell subsets, and expressed diverse levels of Eomes, T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt. By visualizing the dynamics of the t-SNE computation, we identified smooth phenotypic transitions from cells within the Lin−CD7+CD127−CD45RO+CD56+ cluster to both the NK cells and CD127+ ILCs, revealing potential differentiation trajectories. In functional differentiation assays, the Lin−CD7+CD127−CD45RO+CD56+CD8a− cells could develop into CD45RA+ NK cells and CD127+RORγt+ ILC3-like cells. Thus, we identified a previously unknown intermediate innate subset that can differentiate into ILC3 and NK cells.

Regarding 'How Much Ink Is Left in That Cartridge?' [Forward, January], I am not surprised at your results, since printer makers get the bulk of their money from ink refills […]

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, an often fatal complication of celiac disease, can result from expansion of aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease type II (RCD II). Aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes and lymphoma cells are intracellularly CD3ϵ+ but lack expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR)–CD3 complex on the cell surface. It is unknown what causes the loss of TCR-CD3 expression. We report the isolation of a cell line from an RCD II patient with the characteristic phenotype of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. We demonstrate that in this cell line the TCR-α and -β chains as well as the CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3ϵ, and ζ-chains are present intracellularly and that assembly of the CD3γϵ, CD3δϵ, and ζζ-dimers is normal. However, dimerization of the TCR chains and proper assembly of the TCR-CD3 complex are defective. On introduction of exogenous TCR-β chains, but not of TCR-α chains, assembly and functional cell surface expression of the TCR-CD3 complex were restored. Defective synthesis of both TCR chains was found to underlie loss of TCR expression in similar cell lines isolated from 2 additional patients. (Pre)malignant transformation in RCD II thus correlates with defective synthesis or defective association of the TCR chains, resulting in loss of surface TCR-CD3 expression.

Former arch-enemies join forces in 1,265 km pipeline project Not so long ago Algeria and Morocco were arch-enemies in North Africa. Now their co-operation will see billions of cubic metres [...]

The population of HLA-A2-positive individuals, currently considered serologically homogeneous, can be divided into three subtypes on the basis of antigen recognition by various HLA-A2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). When these three types of HLA-A2 antigens were analyzed biochemically, they were found to be distinct. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of HLA antigens digested with neuraminidase (NANAse) suggested that the difference(s) reside in the polypeptide backbone of the HLA-A2 heavy chain. Biochemical analysis distinguishes three distinct categories of HLA-A2 antigens: (1) a major subtype, designated HLA-A2.I, (2) a minor subtype, designated HLA-A2.II, possessing a more basic isoelectric point (IEP) and (3) a minor HLA-A2 subtype more acidic in its IEP than HLA-A2.I, designated HLA-A2.III. A fourth HLA-A2 subtype could be defined by discordance between cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) typing and biochemical analysis. The latter HLA-A2 antigen was defined as a variant by CTL, but was biochemically indistinguishable from the major subtype HLA-A2.I.

In 1940 Dr. William E. Ladd summarized his many years of experience with inguinal hernias in infants and children and indicated that in the absence of intercurrent disease he had operated on these young patients at any age they came to him and had no reason to regret this policy.1 Today this forthright plan is not sufficiently widely practiced, and the incarcerated and strangulated inguinal hernia is still one of the commonest causes of intestinal obstruction in infancy. In the interest of gaining more widespread and enthusiastic support for the early surgical cure of ruptures in infants and children, a study has been made of 940 patients with indirect inguinal hernia, 69 of whom had irreducible incarceration or strangulation when they came for treatment.A small infant with imperfect obliteration of the processus vaginalis at the internal inguinal ring presents one of the commonest abnormalities of early life. Two

The article presents questions and answers related to tennis rules and code including a serve that was thought to out during a United States Tennis Association (USTA)-sanctioned match, hitting the ground with the racquet after a serve, and a serve that was called out during a 10-point match tiebreak.

The article focuses on a three-month campaign launched by non-profit organization Orbis to raise funds for its work in Zambia. Topics discussed include Orbis working in partnership with the Zambian Ministry of Health to establish a centre for paediatric eye care, aim of Orbis to establish a system for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of children with sight impairment, and funding for the campaign offered by the Great Britain Department for International Development (DFID).

The article deals with the success of Cheshire, England-based Rotex Europe in enhancing the end value of recyclable materials through efficient screening. It notes the importance of the separation and segregation stage of recycling amid the growing diversity of waste streams. Particular focus is given to the problems posed by the shredding and granulating process for rubber and glass materials. Rotex has developed deck systems that maximise the benefits of separation and lead to the production of good, clean products.

Reprints the article 'Chr é tien Urges a Ranking System,' published on the April 11, 2002 issue of 'The Toronto Star,' calling for the G-8 industrialized countries to produce an economic plan for Africa.