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The gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri shows enhanced survival in mice with colitis. As the antibody response plays an important role in antiparasitic immunity, antibodies against male and female L4 H. polygyrus were examined in mice with and without colitis. Levels of specific antibodies in the mucosa and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunogenic proteins of male and female parasites were identified using 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The function of identified proteins was explored with Blast2Go. Nematodes in mice with colitis induced higher levels of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG1) and IgA, a lower level of IgE in the small intestine and a higher level of IgE in serum against female L4. Infected mice with colitis recognized 12 proteins in male L4 and 10 in female L4. Most of the recognized proteins from male L4 were intermediate filament proteins, whereas the proteins from female L4 were primarily actins and galectins. Nematodes from mice with colitis were immunogenically different from nematodes from control mice. This phenomenon gives new insights into helminth therapy as well as host–parasite interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia has revealed new findings on Burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium that produces small colony variants (SCVs) that can survive in harsh conditions. The study aimed to compare SCVs with the wild-type strain of B. pseudomallei in terms of their ability to adhere, invade, survive, and produce biofilm. The researchers used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry to analyze the proteins responsible for pathogenicity. The results showed that the alteration of proteins in SCVs may enhance the bacterium's pathogenesis. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Drugs and Therapies; Gene Therapy; Health and Medicine; Infectious Diseases and Conditions; Proteomics; Technology EN Drugs and Therapies Gene Therapy Health and Medicine Infectious Diseases and Conditions Proteomics Technology 3428 3428 1 09/11/23 20230915 NES 230915 2023 SEP 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Current study results on infectious diseases and conditions have been published. Drugs and Therapies, Gene Therapy, Health and Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Conditions, Proteomics, Technology. [Extracted from the article]

Theexistence of the predicted cleavage sites was investigated by in vitrocleavage reactions using recombinant protein substrates containing thecandidate target sequences, followed by the determination of cleavagepositions using mass spectrometry. For more information on this research see: Identification of SARS-CoV-2Main Protease (Mpro) Cleavage Sites Using Two-DimensionalElectrophoresis and In Silico Cleavage Site Prediction. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: A new comprehensive procedure for statistical analysis of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) images is proposed, including protein region quantification, normalization and statistical analysis. Protein regions are defined by the master watershed map that is obtained from the mean gel. By working with these protein regions, the approach bypasses the current bottleneck in the analysis of 2D PAGE images: it does not require spot matching. Background correction is implemented in each protein region by local segmentation. Two-dimensional locally weighted smoothing (LOESS) is proposed to remove any systematic bias after quantification of protein regions. Proteins are separated into mutually independent sets based on detected correlations, and a multivariate analysis is used on each set to detect the group effect. A strategy for multiple hypothesis testing based on this multivariate approach combined with the usual Benjamini–Hochberg FDR procedure is formulated and applied to the differential analysis of 2D PAGE images. Each step in the analytical protocol is demonstrated by using an actual dataset. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown using simulated gels in comparison with the commercial software packages PDQuest and Dymension. We also introduce a new procedure for simulating gel images. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

SUMMARYThe global increase of the human parasite, the common bed bug Cimex lectularius, calls for specific pest control target sites. The bed bug is also a model species for sexual conflict theory which suggests that seminal fluids may be highly diverse. The species has a highly unusual sperm biology and seminal proteins may have unique functions. One-dimensional PAGE gels showed 40?50% band sharing between C. lectulariusand another cimicid species, Afrocimex constrictus. However, adult, sexually rested C. lectulariusmales were found to store 5?7 ?g of seminal protein and with only 60 ?g of protein we obtained informative 2-D PAGE gels. These showed 79% shared protein spots between 2 laboratory populations, and more than half of the shared protein spots were detected in the mated female. Further analysis using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry revealed that 26?5% of the proteins had matches among arthropods in databases and 14?5% matched Drosophilaproteins. These included ubiquitous proteins but also those more closely associated with reproduction such as moj 29, ubiquitin, the stress-related elongation factor EF-1alpha, a protein disulfide isomerase and an antioxidant, Peroxiredoxin 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Discusses the importance of two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis as a tool for protein expression analysis in drug development. Application of sample prefractionation methods in improving 2D gel tissue analysis; Integration of 2D gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry in identifying proteins; Construction of profiles of differential protein expressions through 2D gel electrophoresis.

The article offers information on the uses of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), which is a major method of protein analysis. It is a technology in which thousands of protein forms can be resolved and examined in a single electrophoretic run. Two different chemistries are available for DIGE, including one which modifies lysine residues on target proteins and another which modifies cysteines.

The article features bioinformatics company Nonlinear Dynamics. Established in 1989 and headquartered at Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, the company specialized in high-quality analysis and data-mining tools for one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis gels and microarrays, the core technologies of genomics and proteomics. By giving its customers the software tools to generate quality data, Nonlinear Dynamics has built one of the very few profitable, growing bioinformatics companies in the world. Its products, Progenesis, Phoretix, and TotalLab, have enabled effective, integrated deployment of data generation, storage, management and mining solutions in thousands of users' laboratories. At a fundamental level, it is by measuring and reporting on data quality that the company believes it will enable the full potential of bioinformatics to be achieved. Its concentration on data quality is at the center of its approach to bioinformatics, both in generating data and in enabling its subsequent integration and interpretation. This approach is applied consistently across its entire range of one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis and data-mining solutions, and has maintained the company's position at the forefront of the bioinformatics market.

Reports that San Diego-based researcher James Garrels has devised a refinement of two-dimensional electrophoresis to improve separation of cell proteins into patterns for scanning and plotting by computer. Efficiency of Garrels' technique to distinguish cells protein; Use of radioactive amino acids for marking proteins in the technique.