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The sunflower has the potential to be a highly competitive crop owing to its diversity market and the valuable oil it produces. Nevertheless, the amount of sunflower seed oil – a key factor for the crushing industry – is affected by genotype and environment, which sometimes is difficult to predict. The paper analyzes the theoretical principles of sunflower growth in Ukraine, highlights the current trends in the sowing of this crop, the influence of climatic factors of the environment on the prospects of the oilseed sunflower yield. The results of the research are presented for 3 years (2014–2016), during the authors conducted a grain quality observatory at the regional level, taking into account the climatic conditions of sunflower growth in different natural zones of Ukraine (from 45° to 51° north latitude and from 22° to 37° east longitude). Additionally, the research includes the coefficient of significance of the deviation from long-term climatic indicators, which makes it possible to forecast sunflower yield in the future. The analyzed data was obtained from the commercial fields with a minimum area of 40 ​ha in all Ukrainian regions except Crimea peninsula, Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The results obtained in research show the great diversity of oil content index as per both latitude and longitude meaning. If we consider the entire country, this survey shows that the seed oil content can change dramatically from year to year: e.g. 47.5% in one year versus 45.7% in another year. Regionally, these changes have a completely different dynamic with a gradual decrease in seed oil content in the southern part of the country. The main goal of the research was to identify the best sunflower growing areas in Ukraine according to the oil content index.

This work relates to the energy industry, in particular, complements the existing knowledge about a problem of increasing the overall efficiency of a centrifugal compressor stage by improving the geometric parameters of an impeller. The design features of the centrifugal compressors are analysed and the issues of their general modelling are considered in the article. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of the centrifugal compressor stage by improving the method of thermogasdynamic calculation with an extended determination of the number of its thermogasdynamic gas parameters and subsequent optimization of the design parameters of the impeller blades. This goal is achieved by solving the following problems: a) development of a model of the centrifugal compressor stage based on a method of thermogasdynamic calculation; b) study of the influence of the geometric parameters of the impeller and a diffuser on the components of gas velocities; c) improvement of the design methodology by optimizing the number of impeller blades, their thickness and angle of inclination to increase the efficiency of the stage. The most significant scientific results of the work are the construction method and the model of the centrifugal compressor stage, which allow taking into account real thermogasdynamic gas processes and calculating the geometric parameters of the impeller blades that are optimal in terms of efficiency.

In the study reported a total of 145 students pursuing the academic title of a BA in English language and literature were tested with the aim of establishing which explanatory variables have the independent power to explain the level of English language speaking anxiety. The instrument used in the study was taken from Yaikhong et al. (2012) and adapted for the purposes of the current investigation. The response variable in the study was the average level of anxiety measured by means of the questionnaire, whereas the explanatory variables included gender, the year of study, the number of presentations students gave during the course of their studies, the grade in language skills, the expected grade, the self-perceived proficiency and the perceived difficulty of the English language. The results reveal that gender, the expected grade and the self-perceived proficiency can account for the variation in the levels of anxiety among students. The paper ends with suggestions of interventions for helping students cope with the negative effects of anxiety on their speaking performance and learning experiences.

The following behavior is an important aspect in developing of mobile robot control algorithms. It is frequently a substantial part of the control strategies used to control robots that are designed to co-exist and collaborate with human beings in a shared working environment. In this research, an approach is proposed and investigated allowing a holonomic mobile platform to detect and follow targets, moving on the ground, in an indoor environment. Using multi-sensor data flow, the control algorithm is able to localize the target object by its shape and to start following it. The robot will maintain the desired orientation and distance while following the target. Additionally, the mobile platform has also a fully manual control mode option and is able to recognize human gesture commands.

A Ti-6Al-4V alloy aircraft engine part consisting of a cylinder (inner radius 977 mm, height 250 mm and 7.5 mm wall thickness) and two flanges (10.5 and 13.5 mm thick) was manufactured by direct laser deposition technology. A two-dimensional thermomechanical model was developed to simulate distortion of large axisymmetric parts during direct laser deposition. As it was established the shape and dimensions of the finished part, simulated using the original CAD model, have unacceptable deviations from the required parameters. A significant correction of the model is necessary to ensure the required accuracy. It was found that for complete compensation of deformations, an initial geometry should be pre-distorted according to the inverted distortions predicted by the FE simulation. To prevent fracture of the build-up, an 8 mm thick flexible substrate was used. The DLD process stability was ensured by taking into account spatial position of the deposited part in the motion path of the processing head. The simulated shape and size of the finished part satisfactory agrees with the experimentally obtained.

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are regarded as a promising energy storage solution for transport and stationary applications like electric vehicles, uninterrupted power supply or photovoltaics and have drawn increasing attentions. In this regard, pure spinel nanopowders of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) and LiNi0.25M`0.25 Mn1.5O4 (M` = V, Cr or Co) have been prepared via sol-gel auto-combustion method as high voltage cathode materials. The changes in the crystallographic symmetry and space group were detected by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The surface morphology and particle size of the as-prepared materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The ionic conductivity of Li+ ions in both bulk materials and assembled model electrodes were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis (EIS) at room and high temperatures The obtained results indicated a remarkable improvement in both electronic and ionic conductivies of metal ions-substituted LNMO spinel materials, showing lower charge transfer resistance and higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient, leading to better electrochemical kinetics. Finally, the galvanostatic cycling tests have been carried out for the assembled batteries in the potential range of 3.0-4.8 V (vs. Li+/Li).

The article discusses the manufacturing technology of the impeller of a high-pressure centrifugal fan using high-speed direct laser spraying. The outer diameter of the part is 1200 mm, the total weight is 100 kg. The material used is metal powder stainless steel 316L. Features of the manufactured products were researched, including possible thermal deformations and methods for dealing with them.

A precise gestural control interface of a four-wheel mobile robot is presented. The introduced hand gesture based concept of human - mobile robot interaction is inspired by the approaches of Cyber-physical systems, which combine cyber and physical world solutions. The goal is to create an effective human-machine interface that will allow more intuitive interaction between the operator and the robot. Thus, a human operator can initiate and control various maneuvers via specific hand gestures. A KUKA youBot omnidirectional mobile platform and a Leap Motion Sensor have been used to implement and evaluate the proposed gestural control strategy.

A new approach to control robot manipulators using body gestures is presented. It implements the Microsoft Kinect sensor ability to track joint positions. The later has been used in the developed software application for gesture recognition, operating in Matlab programming environment, that maps the gestures into robot control commands. The goal is to control the movements of an industrial manipulator that shares its workspace with humans. Such a working environment is characterized with complexity and dynamism. In this way a more-effective interface with the controlled robot can been created. The experimental tests have been carried out with a Mitsubishi SCARA robot manipulator model RH-6CH7020-1D1-S15.

In this work, a novel approach allowing a mobile robot to recognize and follow dynamic targets is proposed. The designed behavior can simplify subsequent development of autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance tasks as well as the capability of mobile platforms to operate within multi-agent formations. In the proposed approach, the target recognition problem is considered as an image classification task and it tackled by using a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network working with a sequence of images obtained from the environmental scene. The subsequent target following problem is implemented by using 2D range data. The proposed approach has been implemented on a KUKA youBot omnidirectional mobile platform using robot operating system middleware and equipped with an onboard USB camera and a 2D LiDAR. The conducted experiments have shown that the mobile robot is capable to detect and follow accurately another mobile platform (iRobot Create) in a shared environment. The target following robotized platform is also capable to maintain a pre-specified relative position and orientation with respect to the followed dynamic object by controlling its own linear and angular velocity.

The ability of mobile robots to detect and track moving targets is frequently considered as an important behavior that is a necessary pre-requisite while developing autonomous robots intended to coexist with humans or other dynamic objects in a shared environment. If the robot can track dynamic objects this is further simplifying the development of autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance behaviors as well as the robot ability to operate within multi-agent formations. The approach proposed in this investigation allows a KUKA youBot omnidirectional mobile platform, equipped with a 2D LiDAR sensor to detect and follow a moving target (i.e. another mobile robot) in a shared indoor environment. It uses a nonparametric representation of the dynamic objects that is independent of their classes and shapes. The target following holonomic mobile robot is also maintaining a pre-specified relative position and orientation with respect to the tracked dynamic object by controlling its own linear and angular velocity.

Perimeter detection and surveillance by autonomous agents in the form of autonomous robots has become one of the most used solutions concerning both environmental and human safety problems. Being part of distributed control systems, such robots support conventional pollution prevention systems. On the other hand, in the last decade wireless sensor networks (WSN) have provoked the interest of specialists from different areas by imposing a large number of theoretical and practical challenges related to their implementation. This paper presents a possible way for inclusion of mobile robots into a hybrid WSN structure, that can be suitable for solving pollution area detection and surveillance issues. The goal is to transform the WSN network into an adaptive sensor system with intelligent behavior which can be used to discover and track the perimeter of spots or areas where given monitored environmental parameters violate defined thresholds. A robotized agent can provide flexibility with respect to the installation of the network sensors and allow reliable information gathering and transfer. The proposed algorithmic method has been tested on a pre-built laboratory prototype of a hybrid WSN. The robotized agents (mobile nodes) in its structure have been built using nonholonomic autonomous wheeled mobile robots iRobot Create equipped additionally with a single-chip computer Gumstix Verdex pro TM XL6P with various expansion modules.

Over the past decade, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have provoked the interest of specialists from different areas by imposing a large number of theoretical and practical challenges related to their implementation. The inclusion of mobile robots into the WSN structure is a recently observed trend. Robots can provide flexibility with respect to the installation of the network sensors and allow active information gathering. If necessary, robots can perform desired or based on real-time observations interaction with the environment. The present paper describes a work-in-progress aiming to build laboratory prototype of a robotized hybrid WSN. The latter can be used for various distributed control experiments over the network structure and its efficiency and will help to propose solutions that would unlock the full potential of hybrid wireless sensor networks with integrated mobile nodes. The goal is to transform the network into an adaptive sensor system with intelligent behavior. Robotized wireless sensor nodes have been designed and configured and their functionality has been experimentally tested on path planning and multivehicle collaborative control problems. The on-board wireless communications of the robotized nodes allow them to easily communicate with other nodes facilitating the development of collaborative controllers. The basic framework for multivehicle communications between two robotized WSN nodes has been used in the carried on real-time experiments.

Let (X0, X1) and (Y0, Y1) be complex Banach couples and assume that X1⊆ X0with norms satisfying ‖x‖X0≤ c‖x‖X1for some c> 0. For any 0 < θ< 1, denote by Xθ= [X0, X1]θand Yθ= [Y0, Y1] the complex interpolation spaces and by B(r, Xθ), 0 ≤ θ≤ 1, the open ball of radius r> 0 in Xθcentered at zero. Then, for any analytic map Φ: B(r, X0) → Y0+ Y1such that Φ: B(r, X0) → Y0and Φ: B(c−1r, X1) → Y1are continuous and bounded by constants M0and M1, respectively, the restriction of Φ to B(c−θr, Xχ), 0 < θ< 1, is shown to be a map with values in Yθwhich is analytic and bounded by M01 − θM1θ.

Temperature has a tremendous effect on the rate and amount of gold dissolution. In potentiodynamic experiments the total amount of dissolved gold increases by a factor of 4.5 when the temperature is increased from 25 to 75degC. Moreover, the previously reported correlation between the onset of oxide formation and the commencement of the dissolution process is found to be correct for all studied temperatures. Negative shift in the advent of oxidation is accompanied by a similar shift in the dissolution onset potential. Similarly, the dissolution rate rises significantly with temperature during potentiostatic and galvanostatic polarization steps. A correlation between the temperature-dependent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and gold dissolution is found. Arrhenius plots for the OER and gold dissolution are used to obtain information on the apparent activation energy EA for both processes. It is found that for OER and Au dissolution EA = 57 kJ mol[?]1. The later finding suggests that there is a common intermediate for both reactions, the formation of which constitutes the rate-determining step.

Electrocatalysts play an important role in sustainable energy-related fields. As these catalysts still require improvement on activity and stability, a lot of effort is invested in developing new materials. Due to the enormous parameter space spanned by material composition and experimental conditions, there is a great demand for high-throughput screening of the material performance. To address this issue, a scanning flow cell (SFC) has been developed and is utilized for catalyst research for the first time. The adaptation of a homemade LabVIEW program to the SFC setup enables fully automated, computer-controlled high-throughput measurements. A gas purging system is introduced to saturate the electrolyte with gases in a timeframe comparable to typical rotating disk electrode (RDE) systems. To demonstrate the capabilities of the setup, the oxygen reduction reaction on polycrystalline platinum is investigated as a sample system. The cyclic voltammograms are consistent with those expected from investigations in conventional electrochemical cells. Repetitive measurements show high reproducibility. Considering the potential of the system toward improvements and extensions, the SFC will be a valuable screening tool for electrocatalyst research.

Abstract.: The purpose of this paper is to extend the construction of Birkhoff coordinates for the KdV equation from the phase space of square integrable 1-periodic functions with mean value zero to the phase space $$H_0 ^{ - 1} (\mathbb{T})$$ of mean value zero distributions from the Sobolev space $$H^{ - 1} (\mathbb{T})$$ endowed with the symplectic structure $$(\partial /\partial x)^{ - 1} .$$ More precisely, we construct a globally defined real-analytic symplectomorphism $$\Omega :H_0 ^{ - 1} (\mathbb{T}) \to \mathfrak{h}^{{{ - 1} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 1} 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} $$ where $$\mathfrak{h}^{{{ - 1} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 1} 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} $$ is a weighted Hilbert space of sequences $$(x_n ,y_n )_{n \geqslant 1} $$ supplied with the canonical Poisson structure so that the KdV Hamiltonian for potentials in $$H_0 ^1 (\mathbb{T})$$ is a function of the actions $$((x_n ^2 + y_n ^2 )/2)_{n \geqslant 1} $$ alone.

We suggest a new, more global, approach to the study of geodesically equivalent metrics which is based on application of the theory of integrable geodesic flows. Bibliography: 17 titles.

We consider a class of billiard tables (X,g), where X is a smooth compact manifold of dimension two with smooth boundary \partial X and g is a smooth Riemannian metric on X, the billiard flow of which is completely integrable. The billiard table (X,g) is defined by means of a special double cover with two branched points and it admits a group of isometries G \cong \mathbb{Z}_2 \times\mathbb{Z}_2. Its boundary can be characterized by the string property; namely, the sum of distances from any point of \partial X to the branched points is constant. We provide examples of such billiard tables in the plane (elliptical regions), on the sphere \mathbf{S}^2,on the hyperbolic space \mathbf{H}^2, and on quadrics. The main result is that the spectrum of the corresponding Laplace–Beltrami operator with Robin boundary conditions involving a smooth function K on \partial X uniquely determines the function K, provided that K is invariant under the action of G.

We suggest a construction that, given an orbital diffeomorphism between two Hamiltonian systems, produces integrals of them. We treat geodesic equivalence of metrics as the main example of it. In this case, the integrals commute; they are functionally independent if the eigenvalues of the tensor giαg¯αjare all different; if the eigenvalues are all different at least at one point then they are all different at almost each point and the geodesic flows of the metrics are Liouville integrable. This gives us topological obstacles to geodesic equivalence.

The "dividend puzzle," i.e., the love stockholders have for dividends, has always been one of the great mysteries of modern finance/financial economics. Six classes of dividend theories have been advanced during the last five decades, almost all using the logic of the economic person. Unfortunately, all these models suffer from either a lack of verifiability or contradicting empirical evidence. This paper takes an approach that has been largely ignored so far by dividend research. Instead of analyzing large volumes of market data based on yet another "rational" model, we study the perception of dividends by top corporate decision-makers. The respondents' answers to a survey instrument are then analyzed and compared with accounting, economic, and market data. The results are surprising in terms of both similarity and dissimilarity of perception. We hope that our results and this type of research will open up new ways of looking at this puzzle.

Abstract.: Given two Riemannian metrics on a closed connected manifold , we construct self-adjoint differential operators such that if the metrics have the same geodesics then the operators commute with the Beltrami-Laplace operator of the first metric and pairwise commute. If the operators commute and if they are linearly independent, then the metrics have the same geodesics.

The photocatalytic decomposition of the herbicide (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA), C9H9ClO3, in aqueous suspensions containing TiO2was investigated by following the formation of intermediates via recording proton NMR spectra. One of theoretically possible intermediates, 4-chloro-2-methylphenolmethanoate, was synthesized by a modified esterification procedure. Based on the data obtained a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. The rate of MCPA aromatic ring decomposition was followed by pH changes during illumination. As a result, apparent reaction rate constant was found to be 7.0×10−6moldm−3min−1. The complete mineralization was attained after about 15h of illumination.

Robotic soccer is an interesting test bench for the field of self-organizing and cooperating multi-agent systems. This paper deals with learning of two basic low-level behaviors that will enable the robotic player to participate further in higher-level collaborative and adversarial learning situations. First, a ball interception and obstacle avoidance behavior is learned. Then the acquired skills are incorporated into a next higher-level multi-agent learning scenario, namely the shooting ball behavior. The proposed control scheme for these behaviors consists of a trajectory generator with a layered structure, which supplies data to a trajectory-tracking controller.

Abstract??We consider the recently found connection between geodesically equivalent metrics and integrable geodesic flows. If two different metrics on a manifold have the same geodesics, then the geodesic flows of these metrics admit sufficiently many integrals (of a special form) in involution, and vice versa. The quantum version of this result is also true: if two metrics on one manifold have the same geodesics, then the Beltrami Laplace operator ? for each metric admits sufficiently many linear differential operators communiting with ?. This implies that the topology of a manifold with two different metrics with the same geodesics must be sufficiently simple. We also have that the nonproportionality of the metrics at a point implies the nonproportionality of the metrics at almost all points.

Consider a Riemannian metric on a surface, and let the geodesic flow of the metric have a second integral that is a third degree polynomial in momenta. Then we can naturally construct a vector field on the surface. We show that the vector field preserves the volume of the surface, and therefore is a Hamiltonian vector field. As examples we treat the Goryachev Chaplygin top, the Toda lattice and the Calogero Moser system, and construct their global Hamiltonians. We show that the simpliest choice of Hamiltonian leads to the Toda lattice.

We prove that the Riemannian metrics gand $$\bar g$$ (given in `general position") are geodesically equivalent if and only if some canonically given functions are pairwise commuting integrals of the geodesic flow of the metric g. This theorem is a multidimensional generalization of the well-known Dini theorem proved in the two-dimensional case. A hierarchy of completely integrable Riemannian metrics is assigned to any pair of geodesically equivalent Riemannian metrics. We show that the metrics of the standard ellipsoid and the Poisson sphere lie in such an hierarchy.

Abstract: The classification problem for tensor invariants of geodesic flows on compact surfaces is considered. Such invariants include first integrals, multivalued integrals, and symmetry fields. The problem is solved for tensor invariants of arbitrary degrees. It is shown that the invariants under consideration can vanish at some point only in the presence of two-valued symmetry fields and multivalued integrals.

AbstractThere are occasional reports about the low prevalence of multiple sclerosis among Gypsies. To verify these reports of low prevalence of multiple sclerosis among Gypsies compared to the white population in Bulgaria, an epidemiological study was conducted in two small regions of Bulgaria. All patients with clinically or laboratory-supported, definite multiple sclerosis according to Poser’s criteria were personally interviewed and examined. The study was begun on January 1, 1997 and March 31, 1998 was selected as prevalence day. For the white population, the prevalence ratio of multiple sclerosis per 100,000 population was 44.9 in the first region and 44.4 in the second. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Gypsies was found to be 19.1/100,000 in the first region and 18.4 in the second. It is concluded that multiple sclerosis is less common in Gypsies than in whites living in the same areas.

ABSTRACTFour regimes for weed control were tested in field experiments for five years: mechanical weed control (three tillages); chemical weed control (Sinbar NP80 at 2kg/ha); combined-1 weed control (Sinbar NP80 at 2 kg/ha and one hoeing) and combined-2 weed control (Sinbar NP80 at 2 kg/ha and tree hoeings). The investigation was carried out with two species Mentha piperitaL. (Clone No. 1) and Mentha arvensisL. var. piperascensMalinv. (cv. Mentolna-14). It was established that the highest growth indices, fresh herbage and essential oil yields from M. piperitaand M. arvensisvar. piperascenswere obtained when mechanical or combined (mechanical and chemical) weed control is used. In both species the essential oil composition, is not significantly affected by the method of weed control. The mechanical weed control contributes to the decrease of soil density in mint plantings which creates more favorable conditions for the increase of growth indices, the yields of fresh herbage, essential oil, and rhizomes. The rhizomes from both mint species produced when mechanical or combined (mechanical and chemical) weed control is used, are longest, with highest number of internodes and node buds.

An57Fe Mössbauer study and60Co and54Mn nuclear orientation (NO) studies of the Au86Fe14 alloy have been performed. A transition to the spin glass state was observed below approximately 50 K. NO of the60Co impurity showed absence of the polarization of the60Co nuclei. For54Mn impurities the dependence of the Mn effective magnetic field on external field andtemperature was found.

The low-temperature nuclear orientation technique has been used to study the magnetic behaviour of60Co and54Mn impurity atoms in the reentrant spin glass Au0.82Fe0.18. The results obtained for60Co indicate that Co moments follow the distribution of Fe directions. In contrast, Mn moments show a spread directional distribution. These results are the consequence of the different character of Mn-Fe andFe-Fe interactions at short distances.

Navigation and collision avoidance are major areas of research in mobile robotics that involve varying degrees of uncertainty. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for navigation and control of a wheeled mobile robot in a partially known environment. A collision-free path is calculated using an efficient neural motion planner. An additional fuzzy logic based navigation strategy is developed to adjust the moving information in the cases when the mobile robot encounters unexpected obstacles. The output of the navigation level is transformed into a time indexed data sequence which is fed into a tracking controller that takes into account the complete dynamics of the mobile base. The locomotion control structure is based on the integration of a kinematic controller and an adaptive fuzzy-net torque controller.

We suggest a simple approach for obtaining integrals of Hamiltonian systems if there is known a trajectorian map of two Hamiltonian systems. An explicite formila is given. As an example, it is proved that if on a manifold are given two Riemannian metrics which are geodesically equivalent then there is a big family of integrals. Our theorem is a generalization of the well-known Painleve-Liouville theorems.

In this paper sufficient conditions are given for the existence of tensor invariants of geodesic flows to imply their integrability. Analogous assertions are also proved for trajectory automorphisms of geodesic flows. All the tensor invariants on surfaces of constant negative curvature are described.

A complete motion planning and control procedure for mobile robot is presented. A collision-free path is calculated using a neural-net motion planner. The output of the planner is then transformed into a time indexed data sequence which is fed into a tracking controller that takes into account the complete dynamics of the mobile base. A locomotion control structure based on the integration of a kinematic controller and an adaptive fuzzy-net torque controller is proposed. An evolutionary feedback-error-learning method for automatic elicitation of knowledge in the form of fuzzy if-then rules is developed. The results of the simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This paper presents investigations toward adaptive fuzzy control using neural networks for the control of nonlinear and time variable physical processes. By using a hybrid structure, the fuzzy logic controller can be composed of its traditional components and two neural networks. The first neural network works as an adaptive rule estimator for online acquisition and modification of the fuzzy rules as it was presented in a previous work. Here a second neural network is proposed as a further development of the hybrid structure which implements the defuzzification function and works as an adaptive neural defuzzifier. The standard one step gradient descent learning procedure is implemented and the output from a conventional feedback controller is used for tuning the parameters of the neural defuzzifier. Comparison with the traditional fuzzy technique is discussed. The results obtained by simulation show the better performance of the proposed hybrid control structure.

ABSTRACTThree methods of mint propagation were compared, using six different cultivars and clonal selections of Mentha piperitaand Mentha arvensisvar. piperascens.Propagation methods included autumn-planted rooted cuttings and autumn- and summer-planted rhizomes. All tested selections except one produced the highest yields of fresh herbage when propagated by rooted cuttings. Essential oil yields and menthol content varied among the tested selections based on method of propagation. However, it remains within the Bulgarian standards for respective cultivars.

Abstract: Low-temperature nuclear orientation of54Mn in ferromagnetic Pt95Fe5 and Pt90Fe10 hosts has been investigated in 12–50 mK temperature range at external magnetic fields up to 1.2 T. Temperature dependence of the effective magnetic field Beff on Mn has been observed and interpreted as an effect of misalignment of Mn magnetic moments with respect to the macroscopic magnetization direction at host magnetic saturation.

Abstract: Angular anisotropy of the alpha emission from241Am nuclei oriented by magnetic hyperfine interaction at low temperatures in ZrFe2-host have been observed. The sign of the anisotropy indicates unambiguously the enhanced alpha emission from the poles of241Am nucleus. The value of magnetic hyperfine field on241Am nuclei have been estimated from the temperature dependence of the anisotropy.

The best-known industrial process controllers are proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers because of their simple structure and robust performance in a wide range of operating conditions. An expert controller can be viewed as a natural extension of the conventional PID controller, which can perform some tasks normally done by an expert. This paper describes the development of an expert PID controller with fuzzy tuning of the parameters. Fuzzy rules and reasoning as a part of an expert system are utilised on-line to determine the values of the controller parameters based on the ultimate gain and the period of the limit system-output oscillations. Simulation results demonstrate that a better system performance can be achieved in comparison with the approaches using Ziegler-Nichols tuning.

Results of the total cross section differenceΔσLin anptransmission experiment at 1.19, 2.49 and 3.65 GeV incident neutron beam kinetic energies are presented. Measurements were performed at the Synchrophasotron of the Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Results were obtained with a polarized beam of free quasi-monochromatic neutrons passing through the new Dubna frozen spin proton target. The beam and target polarizations were oriented longitudinally. The present results were obtained at the highest energies of free polarized neutrons that can be reached at present. They extend the energy range of existing results from PSI, LAMPF and Saclay measured between 0.066 and 1.10 GeV. The new results are compared withΔσL(pn) data determined as a difference betweenΔσL(pd) andΔσL(pp) ANL-ZGS measurements. The values ofΔσLfor the isospin stateI=0 were deduced using knownppdata.

Abstract: The low temperature nuclear orientation of54Mn in Pt99.95Fe0.05, Pt99.9Fe0.1, Pt99Fe1 and Pt88Fe12 has been studied in the temperature range 12–50 mK and in the external magnetic field range 0–1.2 T. The strong temperature and external magnetic field dependence of the effective fieldB eff on54Mn has been observed even in the range where the host itself is magnetically saturated. This behaviour is interpreted by noncollinearity of the Mn magnetic moments with respect to the macroscopic magnetisation direction.

Charles Booth's great survey of London poverty has not received full recognition as an early scientific inquiry. In defining and identifying social classes, and locating them spatially, across the world's largest city, it broke new ground. The methods of representation used by Booth, in charts, tables and maps, also went beyond anything previously undertaken by social scientists anywhere in the world. Behind this methodology, however, lay assumptions about poverty, work, crime and morality which largely determined the scientific results.

The First World War irrevocably altered the terms and conditions of housing reform in Europe and America. Supported by a common ideology of industrialism - a belief in the immediacy of economic and social progress, reformers, governments and working-class organizations alike proceeded to redefine the housing question as an obstacle to national economic competitiveness.This article focuses on four national cases, traces the convergences and differences of this period of reconstruction and positions the significance of housing reform within it. The importance of the war in institutionalizing housing reformers and consolidating both employer and worker organizations is related to new articulations between employers and workers in re-structuring post-war economies, and the emergence of new social groups which underpinned the creation of new terrains of legislation, financing and debate around the question of popular housing.

No Abstract Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author.

No Abstract Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author.