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A devolved power-sharing government in Northern Ireland headed by the former 'enemies', the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Fein, was not envisaged by many commentators during nearly 40 years […]

The article reports that the Jon Tonga of University of Liverpool assesses whether there is evidence of a post-Brexit shift in opinion towards support for a united Ireland. It mentions that the poll's validity tends to rest on whether they agree with the headline result, even if their knowledge of weighted quotas, or stratified or random sampling, or indeed any polling methodology whatsoever, is non-existent.

Paul Mitchell and Rick Wilford (eds), Politics in Northern Ireland. PSAI Press/Westview, 1998; 352pp; 0813335280 (pb) £22.30Ruth Dudley Edwards, The Faithful Tribe: An Intimate Portrait of the Loyal Institutions, Harper Collins, 1999; xvi + 448 pp; 0002558637 (hb) £17.99. Kevin Haddick-Flynn, Orangeism: The Making of a Tradition, Wolfhound Press, 1999; 448pp; 0863276598 (hb) £30George Mitchell, Making Peace The inside story of the making of the Good Friday Agreement. Heinemann, 1999; 192pp; 0434007552 (hb) £17.99. Sabine Wichert, Northern Ireland Since 1945 (2nd ed), Longman, 1999; 269pp; 0582326788 (pb) £13.99James Anderson and James Goodman (eds), Dis/Agreeing Ireland: Contexts, Obstacles, Hopes, Pluto Press; 284pp; 0745312802 (hb) £45Gerard Murray, John Hume and the SDLP: Impact and Survival in Northern Ireland. Irish Academic Press, 1998; 328pp; 071656441(hb) £29.50David Miller (ed), Rethinking Northern Ireland. Longman, 1998; 328 pp; 0582302870 (pb) £14.99Paul Hainsworth (ed), Divided Society: Ethnic Minorities and Racism in Northern Ireland, Pluto Press, 1998; 288pp; 0745311962 (hbk) £45, 0745311954 (pb) £14.99Marie-Therese Fay, Mike Morrissey and Marie Smith (eds), Northern Ireland's Troubles: The Human Costs. Pluto Press, 1999; 229pp; 0745313795 (hb) £40J. Anthony Gaughan (ed), Memoirs of Senator James G. Douglas: Concerned Citizen. UCD Press, 1998; xii+212pp; 1900621193 (hb) £24.99. Walter McDonald, Some Ethical Questions of Peace and War with introduction by Tom Garvin; UCD Press, 1998, - first published 1919, xx+140pp; 1900621185 (pb) £9.95. P. S. O'Hegarty The Victory of Sinn Féin with introduction by Tom Garvin; UCD Press, 1998 - first published 1924, xx+164pp; 1900621177 (pb) £10.95.James Lydon, The making of Ireland from ancient times to the present. Routledge, 1998; 440 pp; 0415013488 (pb) £19.99Peter Hart, The I.R.A. and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916-1923. Clarendon Press, 1998; 350pp; 0198205376 (hbk) £40David McCullagh, A Makeshift Majority: The First Inter-party Government, 1948-51. Institute of Public Administration, 1998; 340pp; 1872002692 (pb) £18. Eithne MacDermott, Clann na Poblachta, Cork University Press. 1998. 248pp; 1859181872 (pb) £12.95Conor Cruise O'Brien, Memoir: My Life and Themes. Poolbeg Press, 1998; 460pp; 1853718777 (hb) £20.00. Richard English and Joseph Morrison Skelly (eds), Ideas Matter: Essays in Honour of Conor Cruise O'Brien, Poolbeg Press, 1998; 1853718823 £12.99Mike Cronin, Sport and Nationalism in Ireland: Gaelic Games, Soccer and Irish Identity since 1884. Four Courts Press, 1999; 224pp; 1851824081 (hb) £35, 1851824561 (pb) £14.95Eunan O'Halpin, Defending Ireland: the Irish State and its Enemies Since 1922. Oxford University Press, 1999; xvi + 382pp; 0198204264 (hbk) £29.95William Crotty and David E. Schmitt (eds), Ireland and the Politics of Change. Longman, 1998; 250 pp; 0582328942 (pb) £14.99Neil Collins (ed), Political Issues in Ireland Today (2nd ed.), Manchester University Press, 1999; 210pp; 0719054044 (pb) £12.99, 0719054036 (hb) £40Frank Barry (ed), Understanding Ireland's Economic Growth. Macmillan, 1999; 256pp; 0333733622 (hbk) £45Bobby McDonagh, Original Sin in a Brave New World: An account of the negotiation of the Treaty of Amsterdam. Institute of European Affairs, 1998; 1874109400 (pb) £15Peter Mair, Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations. Clarendon, 1998; 244pp; 019829235 (pb) £15.98David Broughton and Mark Donovan (eds), Changing Party Systems in Western Europe. Pinter, 1999. 315pp; 1855673282 (pb) £16.99Bill McSweeney (ed), Moral issues in international affairs: problems of European integration. Macmillan, 1998; 265pp; 0312211287 (hbk) £35Chrystel Hug, The Politics of Sexual Morality in Ireland. Macmillan Press, 1999; 296pp; 0333662172 (pb) £16.99Rick Wilford and Robert L Miller (eds), Women, Ethnicity and Nationalism: The politics of transition. Routledge, 1998; 224pp; 0415171377(pb) £14.99, 0415171369(hb) £45Michael Marsh and Paul Mitchell (eds), How Ireland Voted 1997. PSAI Press/Westview, 1999; 335pp; 0813332184 (pb) £17.50Yvonne Galligan, Eilis Ward and Rick Wilford (eds), Contesting Politics: Women in Ireland, North and South. PSAI Press/ Westview, 1999; 278 pp; 0813334179 (pb) £19.50

W E H Lecky: Historian and Politician, 1838-1903, Donal McCartney, Lilliput Press, 1994Local Government in Nineteenth Century Ireland, Virginia Crossman, Institute of Irish Studies, Ulster Society of Irish Historical Studies, 1994Interpreting Irish History: The Debate on Historical Revisionism, Edited by Ciaran Brady, Irish Academic Press, 1994Irish Urban Cultures, Edited by Chris Curtin, Hastings Donnan and Thomas M Wilson, Institute of Irish Studies, 1994Crime and Crisis in Ireland: Justice by Illusion, Caroline Fennell, Cork University Press, 1993The Politics of Identity: A Loyalist Community in Belfast, James W McAuley, Avebury, 1994War and Peace in Ireland: Britain and the IRA in the New World Order, Mark Ryan, Pluto Press, 1994Nor Meekly Serve My Time. The H-Block Struggle 1976-1981, Edited by Brian Campbell, Laurence McKeown and Felim O'Hagan, Compiled by Brian Campbell, Beyond the Pale Publications, 1994No Lions in the Hierarchy. An Anthology of Sorts, Joseph Dunn, Columba Press, 1994Divorce in Ireland: Who Should Bear The Cost? Peter Ward, Cork University Press, 1993The Living Stream: Literature and Revisionism in Ireland, Edna Longley, Bloodaxe Books, 1994Tom Herron The Fabulists Philip Casey, Serif, 1994Haicead Michael Hartnett Gallery Press, 1993Molly Sweeney Written and directed by Brian Friel Gate Theatre, Dublin September 1994

The anti-poll tax campaign has been the subject of scant empirical or theoretical analysis. One explanation lies in the difficulty of locating the campaign within existing theories of pressure groups or social movements. This article argues for the creation of a distinct model of protest, based upon the concept of a pressure movement, to explain a campaign that was single-issue, decentralised, non-hierarchical and variable according to location. Distinctions between pressure groups and social movements have become increasingly arbitrary with the rise of groups lacking formalised membership. Pressure movements are thus likely to form key contestatory actors in future years.