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ABSTRACTIn vitro cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant and anticancer potentials of the essential oils and extracts of flowers and aerial parts of Salvia verticillata subsp. amasiaca have been studied. The GC-MS and GC-FID analyses found that major components of the essential oils were caryophyllene oxide, caryophylladienol II, spathulenol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and phytol. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified in the essential oils as the dominating groups of compounds. Caryophyllene oxide indicated strong cholinesterase inhibitory activities and antioxidant effect. The essential oil from aerial parts exhibited high anticancer activity on U-87 MG and PC-3 cells with 0% and 45.56% cell viability, respectively. Microscopic analysis of different parts of the experimental plant revealed that glandular trichomes of flowers contain more oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, while glandular trichomes of the aerial parts contain monoterpene hydrocarbons. It was confirmed that S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca had similar kinds of capitate and peltate trichomes like other Salvia members.

Despite several reports on the beneficial effects of buckwheat in prevention of human diseases, little attention has been devoted to the variability of biochemical and physiological traits in different buckwheat genetic resources. This review describes the biochemical evaluation of buckwheat genetic resources and the identification of elite genotypes for plant breeding and exploitation. The various types of bioactive compounds present in different varieties provide basic background information needed for the efficient production of buckwheat foods with added value. In this review, we will provide an integrated view of the biochemistry of bioactive compounds of buckwheat plants of different origin, especially of fagopyrin, proteins and amino acids, as well as of other phenolic compounds including rutin and chlorogenic acid. In addition to the genetic background, the effect of different growth conditions is discussed. The health effects of fagopyrin, phenolic acids, specific proteins and rutin are also presented.

The aim of our research work was to quantify total flavonoid contents in the leaves of 13 plant species family Asteraceae, 8 representatives of family Lamiaceaeand 9 plant species belonging to family Rosaceae, using the multiplex fluorimetric sensor. Fluorescence was measured using optical fluorescence apparatus Multiplex(R) 3 (Force-A, France) for non-destructive flavonoids estimation. The content of total flavonoids was estimated by FLAV index (expressed in relative units), that is deduced from flavonoids UV absorbing properties. Among observed plant species, the highest amount of total flavonoids has been found in leaves of Helianthus multiflorus(1.65 RU) and Echinops ritro(1.27 RU), Rudbeckia fulgida (1.13 RU) belonging to the family Asteraceae. Lowest flavonoid content has been observed in the leaves of marigold (Calendula officinalis) (0.14 RU) also belonging to family Asteraceae. The highest content of flavonoids among experimental plants of family Rosaceaehas been estimated in the leaves of Rosa canina(1.18 RU) and among plant species of family Lamiaceaein the leaves of Coleus blumei(0.90 RU). This research work was done as pre-screening of flavonoids content in the leaves of plant species belonging to family Asteraceae, Lamiaceaeand Rosaceae. Results indicated that statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in flavonoids content were observed not only between families, but also among individual plant species within one family.

Effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) on phenolic acids composition and polyphenols accumulation in various anatomical parts (stems, leaves and inflorescences) of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) in the early stages of vegetation period were surveyed.