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• MCN/SI-FC composite coatings with micro and nano hierarchical structure were prepared. • At one solar intensity, the temperature of the coating quickly rises to 97.5 °C. • The water contact Angle of the coating reaches 155.79°, and the mechanical properties are excellent. • The coating can be applied to a variety of substrates. Solar collector coatings can solve the current energy shortage and environmental pollution by converting clean solar energy into thermal energy. However, once the coating is adhered to a liquid, the performance of the solar thermal conversion will be seriously affected. Here, a cost-effective photothermal superhydrophobic coating was designed by modulating the microstructure of a highly solar-absorbing material (MCN), followed by a simple spraying method combined with polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF). The MCN in the coating provides excellent photothermal conversion performance, hence, the surface temperature of the coating can be rapidly increased to 97.5 °C at 1 kW/m2. In addition, the coating achieves a water contact angle (WCA) of 155.79° due to the combined micro-nano structure of MCN and PVDF coupled with the low surface energy of PVDF. More importantly, the coating possesses excellent mechanical properties and can be applied to different substrates. This cost-effective photothermal superhydrophobic coating has promising applications in outdoor environments such as insulated tents and waterproof insulation packaging. In this work, MCN/SI-FC composite coatings with micro-nano hierarchical structure were prepared by a simple and cost-effective method. The composite not only heats up quickly to 97.5 °C under 1 sunlight intensity, but also has super hydrophobic properties and can be applied to a variety of substrates. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The modification mechanisms are mainly from surface energy and roughness. • The improvement of MS hydrophobicity is essential for oil-water separation. • The dip coating can be the easiest and most effective way for MS modification. Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight, high porosity (> 99 %), cost-effectiveness, impressive mechanical properties, and chemical/thermal stability. However, its amphiphilic nature hinders selective oil absorption in water. Recent strategies to enhance hydrophobicity are reviewed, including synthetic methods and materials, with comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms driven by surface energy and roughness. Key performance indicators for MS in oil-water separation, including adsorption capacity, wettability, stability, emulsion separation, reversible wettability switching, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and recyclability, are thoroughly discussed. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the future potential and direction of functional melamine sponges in oil-water separation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Systematically investigated the capillary impregnation phenomenon by using liquids with various surface tensions and glass capillaries with different surface energies. • How to select the repairing agents to effectively repair the defected coating or improve its corrosion performance. Organic coatings are commonly used to protect the metals or alloys from corrosion. However, defects such as scratches or natural aging of the coating can induce unexpected diffusion paths for the corrosive media, so the wettability of repairing liquids and the selection of suitable repairing liquids are crucial. In this study, we systematically investigated the capillary impregnation phenomenon by using liquids with various surface tensions and glass capillaries with different surface energies. We utilized this regularity to instruct the defects repairing process. By using an ultra-depth field microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electrochemical analysis, two kinds of repairing liquids, high surface tension liquid (HSTL) and low surface tension liquid (LSTL), were investigated for repairing man-made defects of coatings. Our results showed that the substrate and the surface energy of the liquids significantly influence the infiltration of the repair liquid. By effectively leveraging the relationship between the repair liquid and the substrate, the repair agent can not only establish a uniform and dense repairing layer but also notably enhance the corrosion resistance of the defective coating. This study provides valuable insights into the repairing of coating defects, as well as liquids transportation, microfluidic chip design, and surface modification of microporous materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2024 AUG 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Current study results on tissue engineering have been published. According to news reporting originating [...]

Greg Hrinya, Editor 02.27.24 Durable labels involve some of the most challenging applications. Whether it be power tools or chemical drum labeling--or countless other segments--a durable label is required to [...]

DataPhysics Instruments has launched the PCA 200, the first handheld, portable contact angle goniometer for autonomous and mobile measurement of the surface energy of solid surfaces. The device, which can [...]

The stated goal of this study is to comprehensively understand the dynamic instability characteristics of thin nanoplate structures, taking into account the combined effects of both size and surface energy. To achieve this, we present a computational approach based on the non-classical Kirchhoff plate theory within the framework of NURBS-based isogeometric analysis (IGA). The modified couple stress theory, which includes one material length scale parameter, is implemented to adequately account for the size-dependent effect. Additionally, the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity is effectively utilized to assess the influence of surface energy. For the first time, we explore the dynamic instability regions of thin nanoplates, accounting for both size and surface energy effects simultaneously. To obtain solutions from the Mathieu-Hill equations, the Bolotin method is applied in this research. A number of numerical investigations on square, circular and annular thin nanoplate models under periodic in-plane compressive loads are conducted to assess the influence of several crucial input factors on the regions of dynamic instability. The present outcomes reveal that both size and surface energy effects have a remarkable influence on the dynamic instability characteristics of the nanoplates. Accordingly, these effects contribute to an enhancement in structural rigidity at the small-scale level. Furthermore, we explore that in the case of ultra-thin nanoplates, the influence of surface energy becomes dominant. The obtained findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of thin nanoplates under dynamic in-plane loading conditions as well as can contribute to the design of more robust engineering structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• A Si-based anode with a hierarchical pomegranate-structure (HPS-Si) was designed to modulate the stress variation. • The sub-micronized hierarchical pomegranate-structure can provide suitable buffer space and avoid agglomerates during cycling. • SiO 2– x , and SiC modifications of Si nanosphere as flexible and rigid layers, can reduce the surface stress of conductive carbon layers for avoiding cracking. • The covalent bonding immensely strengthens the link of the modification with Si nanospheres, thus resisting stress effects. Si is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity. However, large stress during (de)lithiation induces severe structural pulverization, electrical contact failure, and unstable solid-electrolyte interface, which hampers the practical application of Si anode. Herein, a Si-based anode with a hierarchical pomegranate-structure (HPS-Si) was designed to modulate the stress variation, and a sub-micronized Si-based sphere was assembled by the nano-sized Si nanospheres with sub-nanometer-sized multi-phase modification of the covalently linked SiO 2– x , SiC, and carbon. The sub-micronized HPS-Si stacked with Si nanospheres can avoid agglomerates during cycling due to the high surface energy of nanomaterials. Meanwhile, the reasonable pore structure from SiO 2 reduction owing to density difference is enough to accommodate the limited volume expansion. The Si spheres with a size of about 50 nm can prevent self-cracking. SiO 2– x , and SiC as flexible and rigid layers, have been synergistically used to reduce the surface stress of conductive carbon layers to avoid cracking. The covalent bonding immensely strengthens the link of the modification with Si nanospheres, thus resisting stress effects. Consequently, a full cell comprising an HPS-Si anode and a LiCoO 2 cathode achieved an energy density of 415 Wh kg−1 with a capacity retention ratio of 87.9% after 300 cycles based on the active materials. It is anticipated that the hierarchical pomegranate-structure design can provide inspiring insights for further studies of the practical application of silicon anode. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Li 5 Mg@Cu | LFP exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8 % for 1000 cycles. • Li 5 Mg@Cu exhibits the excellent air and thermodynamic stability. • It offers a new perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys. • The stripping/plating behaviors of the Li x Mg alloy were investigated. • The effects of Mg doping on the suppression of dendrite growth were investigated. Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage, Li metal batteries, due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential. Nonetheless, it suffers from unstable electrochemical behaviors like dendrite growth and side reactions in practical application. Herein, we report a highly stable anode with collector, Li 5 Mg@Cu, realized by the melting-rolling process. The Li 5 Mg@Cu anode delivers ultrahigh cycle stability for 2000 and 1000 h at the current densities of 1 and 2 mA cm–2, respectively in symmetric cells. Meanwhile, the Li 5 Mg@Cu|LFP cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8 % for 1000 cycles and 78.8 % for 2000 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, we investigate the suppression effects of Mg on the dendrite growth by studying the performance of Li x Mg@Cu electrodes with different Mg contents (2.0–16.7 at%). The exchange current density, surface energy, Li+ diffusion coefficient, and chemical stability of Li x Mg@Cu concretely reveal this improving suppression effect when Mg content becomes higher. In addition, a Mg-rich phase with "hollow brick" morphology forming in the high Mg content Li x Mg@Cu guides the uniform deposition of Li. This study reveals the suppression effects of Mg on Li dendrites growth and offers a perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bu@PGMA m /GO microcapsules have the compact multi-shell structure, including the inner layer of PGMA m polymers, the outer layer of GO sheets, giving them excellent closure and stability properties. • The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag marine anti-fouling coating on the surface of imitation crab shells is constructed by assembling the Bu@PGMA m /GO microcapsules and AgNPs step by step on the PU-FPDMS matrix. • The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag bionic anti-fouling coatings achieve long-term and stable anti-fouling effect under the combination of robust PU-FPDMS matrix with low surface energy, steady-state sustained release of butenolide encapsulated by the compact multilayer shell, bionic surface formed by the microcapsules and AgNPs, and the release of Ag+. Polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane (PU-FPDMS) with high-strength, high-bonding and low surface energy is synthesized as the matrix, and the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag marine anti-fouling coating on the surface of imitation crab shells is constructed by assembling butenolide@1,1-stilbene-modified hydrolyzed polyglycidyl methacrylate/graphene oxide microcapsules (Bu@PGMA m /GO MCs) with compact multi-shell structure and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) step by step on the PU-FPDMS matrix. The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag bionic anti-fouling coatings achieve long-term and stable anti-fouling effect under the combination of robust low-surface-energy PU-FPDMS matrix, steady-state sustained release of butenolide encapsulated by the compact multi-shell, bionic surface formed by the microcapsules and AgNPs, and the release of Ag+. The shear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag are 3.53 MPa, 6.7 MPa, and 192.83 %, respectively. Its static contact angle and sliding angle are 161.8° and 3.6°, respectively. The antibacterial rate of PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , and Candida albicans can reach 100 %. Compared with glass blank, PU, PU-FPDMS, PU-FPDMS/Ag, and PU-FPDMS/MCs, both the adhesion number and coverage percentage of chlorella adhere to PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag are the minimum values, which are 600 cell mm–2 and 1.53 %, respectively. After 6 months of marine field test, the primer blank, PU, PU-FPDMS all show different degrees of attachment by shellfish, spirorbis, algae and other biofouling, while the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag coating is still not covered with biofouling, while the PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag coatings still exhibit little attachment of marine fouling. The PU-FPDMS/MCs/Ag bionic anti-fouling coatings are expected to be widely used in the fields of anti-fouling, anti-icing, anti-fogging, drag reduction, self-cleaning, and antibacterial. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why does a slightly damp sponge absorb water so much better than the same sponge when it is bone dry? Why does a slightly damp sponge absorb water so much [...]

The chief point of the present study is to analyze numerically the surface stress effects on the nonlinear dynamic performance of nanosized lightweight piezoelectric bridge-type energy harvesters having agglomerated nanocomposite passive bulk. In this regard, the Gurtin-Murdoch continuum elasticity is formulated based upon the quasi-3D beam theory incorporating the relevant surface elastic constants as well as the surface residual stress. Afterwards, an effective numerical solving procedure employing the meshless collocation technique is developed to discretize the nonlinear governing equations via a combination of the polynomial as well as multiquadric basis functions to avoid any possible singularity. It is indicated that the surface stress effects result in to decrease the peaks of achieved voltage from the nonlinear dynamical response of nanobeam-type energy harvesters, but the associated frequency increases. Accordingly, for simply supported nanosized energy harvesters having the thickness of 50 nm , 20 nm , and 10 nm , the reductions in the average achieved voltage in order are about 7.79%, 25.57%, and 37.98%, but the required time decreases from 40.41 μ s to 39.78 μ s , from 35.17 μ s to 33.57 μ s , and from 28.37 μ s to 26.46 μ s , respectively. On the other hand, for clamped nanosized energy harvesters having the thickness of 50 nm , 20 nm , and 10 nm , the reductions in the average achieved voltage due to the surface stress effects are, respectively, about 8.33%, 27.35%, and 48.85%, but the required time decreases from 38.92 μ s to 38.43 μ s , from 33.42 μ s to 32.04 μ s , and from 26.58 μ s to 24.62 μ s , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two shot molding that involves bonding thermoplastic elastomers to polar and non-polar substrates is well studied to design products that promote ergonomic comfort and function (ref. 1). The TPE must [...]

To date, different features of elasto-dynamics of elastically embedded nanowires (NWs) have been investigated using advanced elasticity-based theories; however, their free vibrations in the presence of simultaneous action of axial force and torque have not been explored. The first objective of this work is to formulate the problem appropriately under the umbrella of the surface elasticity theory of Gurtin–Murdoch (SETGM). The main aspect of exertion of torque on the NW is the appearance of additional terms in the geometrical stiffness of the nanostructure such that spatial vibration analysis should be performed instead of the planar one. Using various beam models, the spatial equations of motion are established and then analyzed via a meshless technique. The interactional role of axial force and torque on the fundamental frequency is discussed. The influences of the NW's aspect ratio, as well as interactions of the NW with elastic matrix, on the dominant frequencies are displayed methodically. The critical values of the slenderness ratio and NW's radius are graphically illustrated. The most crucial roles of both shear deformation and surface effect on free vibration are observed at these critical levels. • Spatial vibrations and instability of nanobeams under torque loading were examined. • The surface energy-based governing equations are constructed via beam models. • RKPM is employed to extract the natural frequencies of the preloaded nanobeam. • Roles of surface and shear deformation on the obtained results are explained. • Simultaneous effect of axial load and torque on the vibration behavior is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on simple science experiments that can be done at home using everyday materials. Topics include testing the strength of hair by hanging weights from it, observing the effects of vinegar on eggshells to understand acid reactions, and exploring the sinking of cotton balls in different types of water to demonstrate surface tension.

Researchers from Jilin University in Changchun, China, have developed a new topographical hard protective coating for joint replacement implants. The coating, a dual-layer TiB2/MAO structure, aims to improve tribocorrosion performance by utilizing natural lubricating proteins in body fluids. This innovative approach enhances the longevity, wear resistance, and biocompatibility of joint implants, offering a promising strategy for developing advanced protective coatings for implant materials. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin province. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Tianjin University in China have conducted a study on the corrosion of calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). They proposed a material called GdPO4 that is resistant to CMAS infiltration and adherence. GdPO4 forms a reaction layer when in contact with molten CMAS, which impedes its spreading and penetration. The researchers concluded that GdPO4 shows promise as a protective layer material for TBCs against CMAS adhesion and attack. [Extracted from the article]

We derive sharp-interface models for one-dimensional brittle fracture via the inverse-deformation approach. Methods of Γ -convergence are employed to obtain the singular limits of previously proposed models. The latter feature a local, non-convex stored energy of inverse strain, augmented by small interfacial energy, formulated in terms of the inverse-strain gradient. They predict spontaneous fracture with exact crack-opening discontinuities, without the use of damage (phase) fields or pre-existing cracks; crack faces are endowed with a thin layer of surface energy. The models obtained herewith inherit the same properties, except that surface energy is now concentrated at the crack faces in the Γ -limit. Accordingly, we construct energy-minimizing configurations. For a composite bar with a breakable layer, our results predict a pattern of equally spaced cracks whose number is given as an increasing function of applied load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The buckling behavior of nanowires (NWs) has been of focus of attention of the applied mechanics community during the past decade; however, their spatial buckling under the action of both axial force and twisting moment has not been methodically formulated yet. To bridge this scientific gap, the authors eagerly investigate the problem accounting for surface energy based on the Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories. By exploiting these inclusive models, the governing equations are established and solved by the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM). For simply supported NWs, an exact solution and assumed modes approach (AMA) are also developed. Expectantly, a reasonably good match between the results attained by the RKPM and those of the AMA is achieved. The unstable conditions of the NW under severe axial forces and twisting moments are identified both analytically and numerically for the first time. The influences of the length and radius of the NW on the buckling behavior of the nanostructure are then discussed, and the critical roles of shear deformation and surface energy are methodically displayed and discussed. • Study spatial stability of NWs under action of axial load and twisting moment. • Using Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories with surface energy. • Solving the coupled lateral and transverse governing equations via the RKPM. • Establishment of exact solution for simply supported NWs based on both models. • Determination of elastic stable/unstable regions for axially loaded-twisted NWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A simple and effective method to prepare organogels with reinforced mechanical performance and surface lubricant ability has been developed. • The novel organogels demonstrate high stiffness, strength, and toughness, far beyond the conventional organogels. • The reinforced organogels exhibit satisfactory lubricant ability and antifouling performance, bringing in 4 to 9-fold reduction of protein and bacteria adhesion. • This strategy to toughening of organogels can be applied to various systems, which may endow them with versatile practical applications in the future. Owing to their inherent semi-solid property and lubricant ability, organogels manifest various unique characteristics and serve as promising candidates for antifouling. However, the poor mechanical properties of organogels often limit their practical applications. Herein, we report a simple and effective method to prepare organogels with reinforced mechanical performance and surface lubricant ability with the synergistic roles played by oleophobic and oleophilic chains. The rigid oleophobic chains have a poor affinity to lubricating solvent, which gives rise to high oleophobic interactions between polymer networks; the soft oleophilic chains possess a high affinity to the low surface energy solvent, which lead to high solvent content to maintain the satisfactory lubricant capacity. The organogel of oleophobic methyl methacrylate (MMA) and oleophilic lauryl methacrylate (LMA) is chosen as a representative example to illustrate this concept. With the optimal composition, the as-prepared organogels offer satisfactory tensile fracture stress, fracture strain, Young's modulus, toughness, and tearing fracture energy of 480 kPa, 550%, 202 kPa, 1.14 MJ m−3, and 5.14 kJ m−2, respectively, which are far beyond the classical PLMA organogels. Furthermore, the biofouling resistance tests demonstrate 4 to 9-fold reduction of protein and bacteria adhesion on the reinforced organogels surface in comparison to the glass substrate and solvent-free dry organogels. This simple and effective approach to toughen organogels, we hope, can be applied in various fields with different practical functional requirements in the future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonding thermoplastic elastomers to polar and non-polar substrates has been widely studied in the past few decades to create products that enhance ergonomic comfort and functionality (ref. 1). Overmolding a [...]

This paper displays the potential instability as well as both lateral and transverse vibrations of triple-nanowire-systems carrying electrical current by utilizing the surface elasticity theory of Gurtin and Murdoch. Through implementing Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories, the surface energy-based equations of motion are developed accounting for both inertial and strain energy of the surface layer. These are, respectively, six and twelve coupled equations due to existing interwire Lorentz forces. By exploiting the Galerkin approach on the basis of an efficient meshless approach, the governing equations are reduced to appropriately coupled ordinary differential equations and then the natural frequencies are evaluated. The roles of important factors, including surface energy, shear deformation, interwire distance, electric current, radius, length, and position of nanowires on the dominant frequencies are discussed and explained. [Display omitted] • Vibrations and instability of triple-nanowire-systems carrying current are examined. • Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams with surface energy are used for modeling. • The interwire magnetic forces are obtained using Biot–Savart and Lorentz formulas. • RKPM is employed to solve the coupled equations of motion and frequency analysis. • The nanowires' location and geometry, and electric current on vibration are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript investigates the buckling behaviour of Bernoulli-Euler nanobeams composed of Functionally-Graded (FG) materials with different cross-sectional shapes. This analysis is conducted using the surface stress-driven model of elasticity. The nonlocal governing equations for the elastostatic buckling problem are derived employing the principle of virtual work. The study also includes a parametric investigation, presenting and discussing the main results while varying the nonlocal parameter, material gradient index, the cross-sectional shapes and the constraints at the ends of the FG nanobeams. Critical loads are numerically calculated and compared with those obtained by other authors using the classical stress-driven model elasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contact between a rigid Hertzian indenter and an adhesive broad-band viscoelastic substrate is considered. The material behavior is described by a modified power law model, which is characterized by only four parameters, the glassy and rubbery elastic moduli, a characteristic exponent n and a timescale τ 0. The maximum adherence force that can be reached while unloading the rigid indenter from a relaxed viscoelastic half-space is studied by means of a numerical implementation based on the boundary element method, as a function of the unloading velocity, preload and by varying the broadness of the viscoelastic material spectrum. Through a comprehensive numerical analysis we have determined the minimum contact radius that is needed to achieve the maximum amplification of the pull-off force at a specified unloading rate and for different material exponents n. The numerical results are then compared with the prediction of Persson and Brener viscoelastic crack propagation theory, providing excellent agreement. However, comparison against experimental tests for a glass lens indenting a PDMS substrate shows data can be fitted with the linear theory only up to an unloading rate of about 100 μ m/s showing the fracture process zone rate-dependent contribution to the energy enhancement is of the same order of the bulk dissipation contribution. Hence, the limitations of the current numerical and theoretical models for viscoelastic adhesion are discussed in light of the most recent literature results. [Display omitted] • Numerical, theoretical and experimental investigations on viscoelastic adhesion enhancement. • Maximum amplification is constrained by preload and unloading rate. • Closed form results for the effective surface energy in broad-band spectrum viscoelastic materials. • Bulk and fracture process zone contribution to the effective surface energy. • Experiments show limitations of classical linear theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted at Babylon University in Iraq investigated the wettability of agarose thin films patterned by a 193 nm Arf excimer laser. The researchers used various techniques such as atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the films. They found that the laser-induced structuring significantly changed the surface properties of the agarose films, resulting in reduced wettability. The study concluded that the contact angles and free surface energy of the patterned thin films were altered. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into liquid-solid interactions and material design optimization. [Extracted from the article]

The coalescence-induced jumping of nanodroplets on superhydrophobic surfaces has recently gained research attention due to its application in energy harvesting, self-cleaning, and cooling of nanoscale electronic devices. This study aims to investigate the jumping behavior of water nanodroplets in a high Ohnesorge number regime, where 0.45 < Oh < 1 and identify the critical size of droplets where jumping terminates. The study utilized molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the jumping characteristics of droplets ranging from 1.5 nm to 7 nm in radius. The findings of this research developed a universal jumping mechanism for droplets of all sizes, identified the lower limit of droplet size, below which coalescence-induced jumping does not occur, and explained a special phenomenon of jumping velocity becoming maximum before it approaches zero. The study also investigated how jumping terminates due to the size difference between droplets. These findings align well with prior micro-scale studies and experimental predictions. Surface energy, viscous dissipation, kinetic energy, and varying surface tension have been identified as the dominating factors influencing nanoscale droplet jumping at such a high Oh regime. The findings will provide insights for developing various applications at this scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patent has been issued to Procter & Gamble Company for an adhesive used in absorbent articles such as feminine hygiene products. The patent addresses the challenges of initial attachment, staying in place, and easy removal of these articles. The adhesive is designed to provide good initial attachment, stay in place during movement, and have good removal characteristics. The patent describes a method of making the absorbent article and the specific properties of the adhesive. The invention aims to improve the user experience and address issues with commercially available absorbent articles. [Extracted from the article]

The US Patent and Trademark Office has published a patent application titled "Microstructured Field Effect Device" by Lukas Bluecher and Michael Milbocker. The application describes microstructured devices with an electrical management system that can change the physical characteristics of the device. These devices have microstructured surfaces that can interact with target surfaces through electroadhesion and electrowetting by altering the surface energy. The application highlights potential uses in wound healing and surgical procedures. The device utilizes spatial resonance to create interlocking regions on a surface, allowing it to adhere strongly without causing damage. The application provides detailed descriptions of different configurations of the device. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Nagaoka University of Technology in Niigata, Japan have published a study on the use of microrail-assisted liposome trapping and aligning in microfluidic channels. Liposomes, which are potential cell tissue models for studying intercellular communication, are soft and easily ruptured, making their trapping and alignment challenging. The researchers used a microrail-assisted technique to manipulate water-in-oil emulsions and successfully trapped and aligned liposomes under the microrail. They also demonstrated the construction of liposome assemblies with specific shapes using y-shaped and ring-shaped microrails. This technique has the potential to provide various-shaped liposome assemblies and can be a valuable tool for constructing liposome-based cell-cell interaction models. [Extracted from the article]

The effect of a nanoplate buckling at a circular nanohole under the remote uniaxial tension is studied incorporating the surface energy in accordance with the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity model. The hole surface within the framework of the plane problem and the faces of the plate within the framework of the Kirchhoff theory of the plate bending are characterized by both the surface elasticity properties and the residual surface tension. The full potential energy of the plate containing the surface tension with non-strain terms of the surface displacement gradient is derived. Based on the principle of virtual displacements, critical values of the load, corresponding symmetrical and asymmetrical forms of the buckling are found by the Ritz method. Numerical investigations reveal that allowing for the non-strain terms of the surface displacement gradient in the Gurtin–Murdoch constitutive relation leads to the essential increasing the rigidity of the plate and the critical Euler load. Two types of the size effect are detected. The nanoplate thickness and the ratio of the hole radius to the thickness influence independently the value of the critical load. • Nanoplate buckling adjoining a circular nanohole under remote uniaxial tension. • Surface properties and the surface tension by the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity. • Derivation of the potential energy including the surface tension and non-strain terms. • Symmetrical and asymmetrical forms of the local buckling are found by Ritz method. • Complete Gurtin–Murdoch model leads to critical loads 30% greater than simplified one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large electric field is typically present in anodic or passive oxide films. Stresses induced by such a large electric field are critical in understanding the breakdown mechanism of thin oxide films and improving their corrosion resistance. In this work, we consider electromechanical coupling through the electrostrictive effect. A continuum model incorporating lattice misfit and electric field-induced stresses is developed. We perform a linear stability analysis of the full coupled model and show that, for typical oxides, neglecting electrostriction underestimates the film's instability, especially in systems with a large electric field. Moreover, a region where electrostriction can potentially provide a stabilizing effect is identified, allowing electrostriction to enhance corrosion resistance. We identified an equilibrium electric field intrinsic to the system and the corresponding equilibrium film thickness. The film's stability is very sensitive to the electric field: a 40 percent deviation from the equilibrium electric field can change the maximum growth rate by nearly an order of magnitude. Moreover, our model reduces to classical morphological instability models in the limit of misfit-only, electrostatic-only, and no-electrostriction cases. Finally, the effect of various parameters on the film's stability is studied. • Linear instability analysis of thin oxide film with electrostriction. • Lattice misfit, Maxwell stress, electrostriction on film's stability. • Electric field, surface energy on passive oxide film's stability. • Intrinsic equilibrium electric field relates to an equilibrium film thickness. • Electrostriction can enhance corrosion resistance for certain parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spinodal decomposition results in abnormal effects on the mechanical properties of the alloy. • Nanoprecipitates formed via spinodal decomposition hinder the movement of dislocations. • The high atomic density improves the corrosion resistance and stability of passivation film. • TZN-800 alloy has excellent comprehensive properties. Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of TiZrNb equiatomic ratio medium-entropy alloy were obtained through recrystallization and spinodal decomposition. In addition to solid solution strengthening and recrystallization, the excellent mechanical properties can also be attributed to the hindering effect of nanoprecipitation formed via spinodal decomposition on the movement of dislocations. The high atomic arrangement density due to spinodal decomposition reduces the surface energy of the alloy passivation film, thereby increasing the activation energy of dissolution and the bonding energy between atoms, which improve the corrosion resistance and stability of the alloy passivation film. This work provides a new strategy to control the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by combining recrystallization and spinodal decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twisting vibrations of coaxial-composite-nanowires with damages and imperfect interface are of great concern. For this purpose, the nonlocal-surface energy-based equations of motion are carefully derived for bimaterially defected nanowires using differential- and integral-based nonlocal models (DNM & INM). For the differential-based modeling, the admissible mode shapes of the damaged nanostructure are appropriately extracted accounting for nonlocality and surface energy effect, and the twisting frequencies are evaluated for various end conditions. For all proposed models, reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is also adopted, and the problem is solved for general boundary conditions by employing Hamilton's principle. The predicted results by the meshless approach based on the DNM are successfully compared with those of the Galerkin-based admissible mode method. Through verifying the INM's results and the DNM's results, a comprehensive parametric study is performed to examine the roles of the location and intensity of damages, nonlocality, surface energy, imperfect interface parameter, and geometry of the nanostructure on its twisting behavior. • Study twisting vibration of composite nanowires with internal and interface defects. • Extract complex-coupled equations of motion with nonlocal and surface effects. • Development novel nonlocal differential and integral continuum-based models. • Application of Galerkin-based modes and meshless methods to new models. • Explain and discuss roles of crucial factors on dynamical twisting behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The properties of amorphous-SnO 2 treated with intense-pulsed-light (IPL) process are discussed. • IPL irradiation eliminates surface −OH and enables the growth of a low-stress perovskite film. • A PCE of 17.68% was achieved from a PSC based on the IPL-treated amorphous-SnO 2. • Ultrafast processing time and undamaged obtained films brighten the future of IPL technology. Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) within a short period of development, the high-temperature sintering of the constituent electron-selective layers (ESLs) impedes the commercialization. In this report, we demonstrate the effectiveness of an intense-pulsed-light (IPL) treatment for the rapid and damage-free sintering of amorphous-SnO 2 ESLs for use in PSCs. The IPL treatment of amorphous-SnO 2 substantially reduced the amount of surface hydroxyl groups, modified the surface energy, and enabled the growth of a low-stress perovskite layer with large grain sizes, all of which enhanced the photovoltaic properties and led to the proper alignment of band structures for efficient PSCs. Through comprehensive optimization of the IPL conditions, a PCE of 17.68% was achieved from the MAPbI 3 planar PSC based on an amorphous-SnO 2 IPL treated for a few tens of seconds, which was significantly increased compared with a PCE (7.06%) of nontreated SnO 2 based counterpart. In addition, the PCE of the IPL-treated SnO 2 based PSC is comparable to the best PCE (18.16%) of PSCs fabricated with SnO 2 ESL annealed for three hours at 185 °C. Because of its ultrafast sintering time and tendency to not damage SnO 2 ESLs, the new IPL process is expected to open new opportunities for the commercialization of PSCs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A 900 nm-thick tungsten film with novel double-layer architecture was prepared by high vacuum magnetron sputtering method. • β-W nucleation is intrinsically favoured on the SiO 2 substrate due to its low surface energy, based on thermodynamic calculation. • The preferred orientation of β-W changes from [200] to [211] with rising layer thickness, which is mainly controlled by elastic strain energy. • The β→α phase transformation is fulfilled by α/β interface propagation rather than local atomic rearrangements. Metastable phase in tungsten film is of great interests in recent years due to its giant spin Hall effects, however, little information has been known on its nucleation, growth and phase transformation. In this paper, a 900 nm-thick tungsten film with double-layer structure (α-W underlayer and β-W above it) was produced on SiO 2 /Si substrate by high vacuum magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The structural properties of β-W were systemically investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermodynamic calculation, first-principle and phase-field simulations. It is found that the β-W nucleation is energetically favoured on the SiO 2 surface compared to the α-W one. As the film thickening proceeds, β-W[211] turns to be preferred direction of growth owing to the elastic strain energy minimization, which is verified by phase-field simulations. Moreover, the β → α phase transformation takes place near the film-substrate interface while the rest of the film keeps the β-W phase, leading to a double-layer structure. This localized phase transition is induced by lower Gibbs free energy of α-W phase at larger grain sizes, which can be confirmed by thermodynamic calculation. Further in-situ heating TEM analysis of the as-deposited film reveals that the β→α phase transformation is fulfilled by α/β interface propagation rather than local atomic rearrangements. Our findings offer valuable insights into the intrinsic properties of metastable phase in tungsten. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The mesoporous etched basalt scales were synthesized by chemical etching. • The etched basalt scales were fluorinated to reduce the surface energy. • A multifunctional superhydrophobic coating was prepared by spraying. • The coating exhibits UV-durability, anticorrosive and antibacterial abilities. Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceedingly hydrated environments. However, concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applications in marine environments are still hindering commercial-scale deployment. This study is focused on development of easy-to-apply superhydrophobic coatings, with multifunctional capabilities, in order to extend the integrity and durability of the coatings in harsh marine environments. Here, a set of facile methods involving selective chemical etching using concentrated NaOH, as well as fluorination with perfluoropolyether methyl ester were adopted to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on basalt scales, having the required rough hierarchical micro-nanotextured and low surface energy. The superhydrophobic basalt scales were subsequently aligned atop a fluorocarbon resin, pre-deposited on a metal substrate, to yield a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating (3 μL water droplet; contact angle = 165.1°, rolling angle = 0.7°), easily amenable to large surface area application and having excellent wear resistance, UV-aging resistance, salt spray resistance, corrosion resistance and antibacterial capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patent application has been submitted by inventors from Aculon Inc. for a new method of altering the surface energy of fluidic channels. The invention aims to address the issue of surface effects on fluid flow in channels, particularly in microchannels used in mesh nebulizers. The patent application describes a surface-treated fluidic channel made from metal, with a hydrophobic coating layer adhered to the surface. The invention also includes a method for altering the surface energy of components in a mesh nebulizer. The inventors claim that the surface-treated fluidic channel is resistant to environmental attack and contaminant adsorption. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we derive a dynamic surface elasticity model for the two-dimensional midsurface of a thin, three-dimensional, homogeneous, isotropic, nonlinear gradient elastic plate of thickness h. The resulting model is parameterized by five, conceivably measurable, physical properties of the plate, and the stored surface energy reduces to Koiter's plate energy in a singular limiting case. The model corrects a theoretical issue found in wave propagation in thin sheets and, when combined with the author's theory of Green elastic bodies possessing gradient elastic material boundary surfaces, removes the singularities present in fracture within traditional/classical models. Our approach diverges from previous research on thin shells and plates, which primarily concentrated on deriving elasticity theories for material surfaces from classical three-dimensional Green elasticity. This work is the first in rigorously developing a surface elasticity model based on a parent nonlinear gradient elasticity theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A report from Persian Gulf University in Bushehr, Iran discusses the use of nanoparticles to alter the wettability of gas condensate reservoirs. The researchers propose that modifying the surface of the reservoir rock can effectively mitigate condensate blockage and its associated challenges. The paper reviews the processes involved in wettability alteration, discusses commonly used chemicals, and explores the use of nanoparticles and fluorochemicals as wettability alteration agents. The research also includes molecular dynamic simulations and addresses the challenges of molecular modeling methods. The findings suggest the promising use of nanoparticles and fluoro materials to enhance hydrocarbon recovery in gas condensate reservoirs. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed an antifouling membrane spacer inspired by coral tentacles. The spacer incorporates functional polymer brushes that reduce fouling and increase the lifespan of membrane modules. By using a two-step atom transfer radical polymerization reaction, the modified spacer demonstrated a significant reduction in pressure drop and foulant adsorption compared to a commercially available spacer. This innovative approach has the potential to be applied in various fields, including the preparation of antifouling membrane modules. [Extracted from the article]

2022 MAR 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- StemoniX Inc. (Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States) has been issued patent number 11248212, according [...]

• Double layered superhydrophobic PDMS-CS coating with mechanical robustness was prepared. • The PDMS-CS coating maintains its super-water-repellency even under 350 °C • The low frequency impedance modulus |Z|0.01 Hz was remarkably improved. • Rct of superhydrophobic PDMS-CS coating increased by six orders of magnitude. • The fabricated PDMS-CS coating exhibits long-term corrosion resistant properties. Nature-inspired superhydrophobic coatings with typical Cassie-Baxter contacts garner numerous interests for multifunctional applications. However, undesirable poor mechanical and thermal stability are still crucial bottlenecks for real-world employment. This work introduces a cost-effective, fluorine free and versatile strategy to achieve double-layered PDMS agglutinated candle soot coating with superior water-repellent superhydrophobicity. The surface morphologies, chemical compositions and wettability behaviors were investigated in detail. The mechanical stability, chemical stability and durable corrosion resistance of the fabricated PDMS-CS coating were evaluated through friction, calcination and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate a remarkably enhanced mechanical robustness and corrosion resistance, indicating PDMS units can act as an effective agglutinating agent between candle soot and underlying substrate. The synergistic effect of PDMS agglutination, porous network nanostructures and extremely low surface energy of incomplete combustion induced candle soot deposition contribute to the eventually robust corrosion resisting coating, which greatly increases the possibility for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of water-repellent superhydrophobic surfaces is limited by the inherent fragility of their micro- and nanoscale roughness, which is prone to damage and degradation. Here, we report a non-fluorinated volumetric superhydrophobic nanocomposites that demonstrate mechanochemical robustness. The nanocomposites are produced through the addition of microscale diatomaceous earth and nanoscale fumed silica particles to high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber. The water-repellency of the surface and bulk of nanocomposites having 120 phr of filler was determined based on the water contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. We compared the water-repellency of nanocomposites of differing diatomaceous earth to fumed silica mass ratios. Increasing the amount of diatomaceous earth enhanced the water-repellency of the nanocomposite surface, whereas an increased amount of fumed silica improved the water-repellency of the bulk material. Moreover, increasing the diatomaceous earth/fumed silica mass ratio improved the cross-linking density and hardness values of the nanocomposite. Despite being subjected to a range of mechanical durability tests, including sandpaper abrasion, knife scratching, tape peeling, water jet impact, and sandblasting, the nanocomposite maintained a water contact angle of 163° and contact angle hysteresis of 2°. When the water-repellency of the prepared nanocomposites eventually deteriorated, we restored their superhydrophobicity by removing the upper surface of the nanocomposite. This extraordinary robustness stems from the embedded low surface energy micro/nanostructures distributed throughout the nanocomposite. We also demonstrated the chemical stability, UV resistance, and self-cleaning abilities of the nanocomposite to illustrate the potential for real-life applications of this material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical device manufacturers often use silicone adhesives to assemble products such as catheters, pacemakers, cochlear implants, aesthetic implants and gastric balloons. In addition to evaluating different adhesive formulations, device manufacturers [...]

Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is the most commonly used lubricant in solid dosage formulations to improve the formulation processability. It may be used as an anti-caking agent when blended in lesser [...]

Direct alloying is difficult to be realized in an immiscible Mo-Ag system with a positive formation heat due to the absence of thermodynamic driving force at equilibrium. In this work, a direct alloying method is developed to realize the direct alloying between Mo and Ag and construct Mo-Ag interface. The direct alloying method was mainly carried out through a direct diffusion bonding for Mo and Ag rods at a temperature close to the melting point of Ag (T mAg). Then the microstructure and phase constitution of the as-constructed Mo-Ag interface are characterized. The results show that Mo-Ag metallurgical bonding interface has been constructed successfully, indicating that a direct alloying in the immiscible Mo-Ag system has been realized. Additionally, mechanical tests are carried out for the Mo-Ag joints prepared through the direct alloying method. The test results show that the average maximum tensile strength of the joints is about 107 MPa. The effect of alloying parameters on the tensile strength is also discussed, which shows that there is an effective temperature range for the direct alloying between Mo and Ag. Lastly, an improved thermodynamic model that considers the formation of Mo-Ag crystalline and amorphous phase is presented to reveal the thermodynamic mechanism of the direct alloying. Combining the calculation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests results, the Gibbs energy diagram for the direct alloying is obtained. It is confirmed that the co-release of storage energy and surface energy can serve as the thermodynamic driving force to overcome the effect of positive formation heat and lead to direct alloying for Mo-Ag systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement in material science and engineering technology has led to the development of antifouling (AF) coatings which are cheaper, durable, less toxic, and safe to the environment. The use of AF coatings containing tributyltin compounds was prohibited at the beginning of 2003, this necessitated the development of environmentally friendly coatings. The fouling release coating (FRC) lacks biocides and has low surface energy, low elastic modulus with smooth surface properties, hence a better release effect to fouling organisms. Several functional coatings have been recently developed based on fouling release (FR) technology to combat the effects of biofouling. Here, we provide a brief overview of innovative technologies and recent developments based on FRCs, including silicone, modified fluorinated polymer, cross-linked coatings, amphiphilic copolymer coating, hydrogel coatings, and biomimetic coatings. We also highlight the key issues and shortcomings of innovative technologies based on FRCs. This may give new insights into the future development of marine AF coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) irradiation on amorphous (am) SnO 2 and its impact on the photoconversion efficiency of MAPbI 3 -based perovskite solar cells were investigated in detail. UVO treatment was found to increase the amount of chemisorbed oxygen on the am-SnO 2 surface, reducing the surface energy and contact angle. Physicochemical changes in the am-SnO 2 surface lowered the Gibbs free energy for the densification of perovskite films and facilitated the formation of homogeneous perovskite grains. In addition, the Fermi energy of the UVO-treated am-SnO 2 shifted upwards to achieve an ideal band offset for MAPbI 3 , which was verified by theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory. We achieved a champion efficiency of 19.01 % with a statistical reproducibility of 17.01 ± 1.34 % owing to improved perovskite film densification and enhanced charge transport/extraction, which is considerably higher than the 13.78 ± 2.15 % of the counterpart. Furthermore, UVO-treated, am-SnO 2 -based devices showed improved stability and less hysteresis, which is encouraging for the future application of up-scaled perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2022 JAN 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Data detailed on Nanotechnology - Nanoplates have been presented. According to news [...]