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Countries in South East Asia have implemented economic integration known as the ASEAN Economic Community, including the financial sector. Therefore, Islamic banks in Indonesia have to prepare for more challenging competition. Using data of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia, this research determines the relationship between market power and efficiency. Market power is analysed using the Lerner Index, while efficiency captures by the cost to income ratio (CIR). Our results show that Islamic banks in Malaysia outperform Islamic banks in Indonesia overall regarding market power and efficiency. Furthermore, market power and efficiency are positively correlated.

This paper examines the effect of business models in Islamic banking on bank performance and stability. We use a method to cluster dynamically, namely longitudinal k-means, to identify the business model of Islamic banks from a sample of 31 Islamic banks in Indonesia from 2010Q1 to 2019Q3. We use return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) to measure bank performance and z-index and loss provisions to measure bank stability. Our findings show that profit-sharing banks and margin banks have the potential to increase ROA and tend to be more stable. Meanwhile, customer banks are better able to maintain ROE but less stable. We also confirm the literature that fee-based products increase a bank's profitability while funding mudharabah products decreases a bank's performance and stability.

This paper studies the nexus between market power and business models in the banking industry. Business models are represented by non-interest income and non-deposit short-term funding share. We also examine the impact of bank business models on banking stability and performance. Using a sample comprising six ASEAN country banking sectors from 2002 to 2015, we find that banks with a strong capital base but lower net interest margin perform better in translating their market power into generating non-traditional income as alternative sources of revenues. Our findings also show that the implementation of the Basel 2 Accord encourages banks to create non-interest income from trading and derivatives activities as well as from other non-interest income. We also document that banks with higher market power tend to increase non-deposit short-term funding in their financing mix. In the evaluation of banking stability, our results suggest that banks with greater non-traditional income are associated with less overall banking risk. Moreover, non-traditional incomes also contribute to better bank performance.

The environment is a very important topic today as well as in the future. One source of air pollution that has the potential to harm health is the wear particles released by vehicle braking systems. If these wear particles come from hazardous materials, they could destroy human health and the environment. Based on these conditions, exploring more environmentally friendly materials to substitute hazardous materials as friction materials is necessary. In this study, brake linings were prepared from bamboo fiber and eggshell (ES) particles with various pre-treatment conditions. The composition of the material frictions consisted of phenolic resin, bamboo fiber, bamboo particles, ES particles, zinc, alumina, and graphite in the following: 35% phenolic resin, 10% graphite, 10% bamboo fiber, 10% alumina powder, 5% zinc powder, and 30% bamboo particles and ESs. This study focused on observing the mechanical and tribological behavior of friction materials when using ES particles as fillers. There are three stages to manufacturing friction material: a cold press, a hot press, and heat treatment. The optimization of the characteristics of ESs as organic brake linings was carried out using the Taguchi method and analyzed using data envelopment analysis-based ranking (DEAR). An interesting finding from this study was that when ES particles were calcined at 900°C for 120 min, the ES particle size was 200 mesh, and the ES volume fraction at 25% resulted in the most optimal brake lining performance. Calcination at 900°C for 120 min completely changed the CaCO3phase to CaO. This study also shows that calcined ES particles have the potential to be developed as friction materials for environmentally friendly two-wheeled vehicles in the future. The produced brake linings exhibited hardness, a coefficient of friction, and specific wear rates of 92.82 HR, 0.32, and 4.43 × 10−6mm3·N−1·m−1, respectively.

Creative industry is a new global phenomena that arise at this information age. It is said that creativity will be the driver for social and economic change in order to become a new source of competitive advantage. Nowadays, business, government, academician focus their attention to creative economy. It is about how the content creates creativity and further adds the GDP and job creation.

Biogas is one of the new renewable energy sources that can be obtained through anaerobic degradation process of organic materials. Utilization of household waste, agricultural waste and livestock as the main ingredient of biogas production in addition to generate new renewable energy sources can also minimize the negative impact of waste to the environment. In this research, the performance test of CS 1000 L LPG generator engine and compare it with the use of LPG fuel added a little biogas. With a slight addition of biogas into the generator's engine chamber (0.6 Nl / min) obtained an effective engine power increased by an average of 2.4% of the generated power generator with LPG fuel. In addition, the results of the test of emissions when no load (idle) to reduce the CO content in the exhaust gas reaches 89% and the decrease of 99% of HC content. Thus, the addition of a small amount of biogas into the combustion chamber of the genset machine can avoid significant exhaust gas pollution as required by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of Indonesia No. 05 of 2006.

In the modern ages, many researches have been conducted to search for alternative fuel. Various source of alternative fuel such as palm, jathropa and rapeseed that are classified as biofuel have been tested to determine its suitability. Besides that, waste product such as waste tyres and plastics also can be processed to yield the alternative fuel. In this paper, performance of a diesel engine operating with tyre-derived fuel (TDF) blended with diesel fuel at several ratios is analysed and compared with diesel fuel. A single cylinder YANMAR TF120M diesel engine is utilized in the experiments where it is operated with constant load exerted to the engine and at variable engine speed ranging from 1200 rpm to 2400 rpm. The performance parameters that was analysed in the paper includes engine power and torque, combustion pressure and exhaust gas temperature. The experimental results show that percentage of TDF blends of 10% in diesel fuel gives significant impact to the engine performance output.

The linkage disequilibrium (LD) is an important indicator for population genetic parameters such as inbreeding rate and effective population size. The extent of LD also provides information about historical events of population such as past effective population size (Ne), and it allows inferences on the genetic diversity of chicken lines. The objective of this study was to estimate the LD and Nein Korean purebred native chicken (NR and NY) and commercial native chicken (CL1–CL8), which are maintained for commercial purposes by commercial company. In this study, eight types of commercial native chicken lines that are derived from two types of Korean purebred native chicken lines were used. As the results of LD analysis, commercial native chicken lines have lower LD than Korean purebred native chicken lines, and we can estimate that they have different ancestors in two of the populations. In addition, purebred native chickens could estimate higher inbreeding level than commercial native chickens, and commercial native chickens have higher effective population size compared with purebred native chickens. The population structure was depicted in a multidimensional scaled plot. In MDS plot, Korean purebred native chicken were positioned in close proximity to each other, far from the other eight commercial chicken breeds. These results can provide useful information for estimation of effective population size and LD structure between the markers in native chicken population. In conclusion, the differences in LD and Nefor each breeds reflect historical events and recent selection through the breeding program. The LD and Nevalues would be useful for sustainable breeding program in commercial native chicken lines, and efforts are needed to maintain genetic diversity for sustainability.

Vegetable oil form in Natural Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) has their own advantages: first of all they are available everywhere in the world. Secondly, they are renewable as the vegetables which produce oil seeds can be planted year after year. Thirdly, they are friendly with our environment, as they seldom contain sulphur element in them. This makes vegetable fuel studies become current among the various popular investigations. This study is attempt to optimization of using blend FAME on diesel engine by experimental laboratory. The investigation experimental project is comparison between using blend FAME and base diesel fuel. The engine experiment is conducted with YANMAR TF120M single cylinder four stroke diesel engine set-up at variable engine speed with constant load. The data have been taken at each point of engine speed during the stabilized engine-operating regime. Measurement of emissions parameters at difference engine speed conditions have generally indicated lower in emission NOx, but slightly higher on CO2 emission. The result also shown that the blends FAME are good in fuel consumption and potentially good substitute fuels for diesel engine