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AbstractObjectives:A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the association between possible sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) with sleep characteristics and chronotype (i.e. circadian cycle preference).Methods:One-hundred-nineteen young adults filled out a self-reported questionnaire to assess SB and AB, a questionnaire about daily life aspects, as well as the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) to profile chronotype.Results: The frequency of self-reported SB and AB was 25.2% and 37.0%, respectively. Both SB and AB were significantly more frequent in females than males. Most participants had an intermediate chronotype profile (n = 85; 71.4%). Neither SB (p = 0.556) nor AB (p = 0.334) were associated with chronotype. Nightmares were more prevalent among individuals with possible SB (38.3%). Difficulty concentrating in daily activities was more frequently reported among individuals with AB (51.9%).Conclusion: There was no association between possible SB and AB or the chronotype profiles among Italian dental students.

Implant site preparation through drilling procedures may cause bone thermonecrosis. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate, using a thermal probe, overheating at implant sites during osteotomies through 2 different drilling methods (continuous drilling technique versus intermittent drilling technique) using irrigation at different temperatures. Five implant sites 13 mm in length were performed on 16 blocks (fresh bovine ribs), for a total of 80 implant sites. The PT-100 thermal probe was positioned 5 mm from each site. Two physiological refrigerant solutions were used: one at 23.7°C and one at 6.0°C. Four experimental groups were considered: group A (continuous drilling with physiological solution at 23.7°C), group B (intermittent drilling with physiological solution at 23.7°C), group C (continuous drilling with physiological solution at 6.0°C), and group D (intermittent drilling with physiological solution at 6.0°C). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test (2-tailed) was used to compare groups. While there was no difference between group A and group B (W 86; P .45), statistically significant differences were observed between experimental groups A and C (W 0; P.0001), B and D (W 45; P.0005), and C and D (W 41; P .003). Implant site preparation did not affect the overheating of the bone. Statistically significant differences were found with the refrigerant solutions. Using both irrigating solutions, bone temperature did not exceed 47°C.

An eight-years-old girl showed a restless sleep with snoring and severe apnea episodes, a mandibular retrognathia, mouth breathing, maxillary transverse discrepancy, mandibular transverse discrepancy, moderate crowding and anterior open-bite. The CBCT showed an anterior collapse of the epiglottis. The treatment consisted in a rapid palatal expansion, an epiglottoplasty and a reduction of the tongue base. Polysomnography revealed that apnea-hypopnea index improved from 21,8 episodes/hr at the baseline to 0,6 episodes/hr, average oxygen saturation from 96,5 to 98,1, oxygen desaturation events from 23,4 episodes/hr to 1/hr.

AimsSurvivin—a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins that control cell division, apoptosis and metastasis—is overexpressed in virtually all human cancers, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Recent findings also correlate survivin expression with the regulation of angiogenesis. The novel main aim of this study was a preliminary investigation into the potential role of survivin expression in LSCC neoangiogenesis, as determined by endoglin-assessed microvascular density (MVD).MethodsImmunohistochemical expression of nuclear survivin and endoglin-assessed MVD were ascertained by image analysis in 75 consecutive LSCCs.ResultsStatistical analysis disclosed a strong direct correlation between nuclear survivin expression and MVD. Patients whose nuclear survivin expression was ≥6.0% had a significantly higher LSCC recurrence rate, and a significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) than those with a nuclear survivin expression <6.0%. The LSCC recurrence rate was also higher and the DFS shorter in patients with endoglin-assessed MVD ≥6.89%. The OR for recurrence was 2.79 in patients with LSCC with a nuclear survivin expression ≥6.0%, and 12.31 in those with an MVD≥6.89%.ConclusionsSurvivin-targeting strategies to enhance tumour cell response to apoptosis and inhibit tumour growth should receive more attention with a view to developing agents for use in multimodality advanced LSCC treatment, or combined with conventional chemotherapy. Given the present preliminary evidence in LSCC, survivin targeting should also be further investigated for anti-angiogenic purposes, to reduce tumour blood flow and induce cancer necrosis.

Une femme de 45ans a consulté en se plaignant principalement de l’esthétique disgracieuse de son sourire, et de problèmes de mastication et de phonation. Elle présentait une béance antérieure. Le traitement comportait une phase d’orthophonie, initiée immédiatement après le collage. Des éperons linguaux ont été placés aux incisives mandibulaires afin d’aider la rééducation de la langue. Pendant la phase de travail, des minivis d’ancrage ont été utilisées dans la zone antérieure mandibulaire pour ingresser les prémolaires inférieures gauches. La contention était assurée par des gouttières aux deux arcades. De plus, une contention par enveloppe linguale nocturne (ELN) a été remise à la patiente. Un traitement non chirurgical des béances peut offrir une alternative valable à la chirurgie orthognathique lorsque l’évaluation céphalométrique ne révèle pas de schéma de croissance verticale. La coopération du patient est essentielle dans la prévention de la récidive.

A 45-year-old woman presented with an anterior open-bite complaining chiefly of her unpleasant smile esthetics and masticatory and speech problems. Treatment included speech therapy initiated immediately after bonding. Lingual spurs were positioned on the mandibular incisors in order to help tongue rehabilitation. During the working phase, temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were used at the mandibular anterior segment to intrude the lower left premolars. A splint was used to ensure retention in the upper and lower arches; an enveloppe linguale nocturne(ELN) was provided. Non-surgical open-bite treatment could offer a valid alternative to orthognanthic surgery when cephalometric evaluation shows no vertical growth pattern; patient compliance is essential to prevent relapse.

Background:The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate the medium‐ to long‐term prognosis of short implants in partially and totally edentulous patients with mandibular bone atrophy. Methods:The study involved 109 patients with 280 implants placed in the mandible. The implants were 7 or 8.5 mm long and 3.75 or 4 mm in diameter. The implant surfaces were machined (M; n = 176) or rough (R; n = 104). Patients were asked to attend a radiographic and clinical follow‐up, and their previous clinical records and radiographs were assessed. Implant‐related and prosthetic failures and complications were recorded. Results:The mean follow‐up was 9 years (range of 5 to 16 years). The survival rate (SSR) and success rate (SR) were calculated using life‐table analysis for both M and R short implants. The M implants had a 16‐year SSR of 95.7% and a corresponding SR of 93.9%, whereas the 16‐year SSR and SR for the R implants were 97.2% and 95.2%, respectively. The mean ± SD bone resorption for all implants was 1.37 ± 0.5 mm. For marginal bone loss, there was no statistically significant difference between the two implant lengths (P= 0.38) or diameters (P= 0.34) or between the M and R implant surfaces (P= 0.47). Conclusions:Different implant lengths, diameters, and surface treatments do not appear to influence the prognosis of the implant. Within the limitation that most of the short implants were splinted to longer implants, the reduced length of the fixtures did not worsen the long‐term survival of the implant‐supported fixed prostheses.

Background:Although the use of a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in conjunction with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) is a widely performed periodontal procedure, the creation of a partial‐thickness flap can incur a risk of perforation or overthinning of the flap itself. Therefore, the aim of the present trial is to compare the efficacies of partial‐ and full‐thickness flap reflections combined with an SCTG. Methods:Twenty patients with Miller Class I or II defects (52 teeth) were selected, and teeth with defects were randomly assigned to the test group (25 teeth) for a CAF and SCTG using a full‐thickness flap reflection or to the control group (27 teeth) for a CAF associated with an SCTG and partial‐thickness flap reflection. The probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and width of the keratinized tissue (KT) were assessed at baseline and 6 months after surgery. Results:The mean root coverage was 97% in the test group (mean reduction in GR: 2.27 ± 1.15 mm) and 95% in the control group (mean reduction in GR: 1.68 ± 0.74 mm). The gain in KT was 0.46 ± 1.47 mm in the test group and 0.49 ± 1.3 mm in the control group, the PD ranged from 1.33 to 1.55 mm in the test group and from 1.31 to 1.64 mm in the control group; no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all of these parameters (P>0.05). Conclusions:The elevation of a full‐ or partial‐thickness flap did not appear to influence the amount of KT or the percentage of root coverage achieved post‐surgically. More expanded studies are needed to confirm the present findings.