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The understanding of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is in evolution. CVID was previously a diagnosis of exclusion. New diagnostic criteria have allowed the disorder to be identified with greater precision. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it has become apparent that an increasing number of patients with a CVID phenotype have a causative genetic variant. If a pathogenic variant is identified, these patients are removed from the overarching diagnosis of CVID and are deemed to have a CVID-like disorder. In populations where consanguinity is more prevalent, the majority of patients with severe primary hypogammaglobulinemia will have an underlying inborn error of immunity, usually an early-onset autosomal recessive disorder. In nonconsanguineous societies, pathogenic variants are identified in approximately 20% to 30% of patients. These are often autosomal dominant mutations with variable penetrance and expressivity. To add to the complexity of CVID and CVID-like disorders, some genetic variants such as those in TNFSF13B(transmembrane activator calcium modulator cyclophilin ligand interactor) predispose to, or enhance, disease severity. These variants are not causative but can have epistatic (synergistic) interactions with more deleterious mutations to worsen disease severity. This review is a description of the current understanding of genes associated with CVID and CVID-like disorders. This information will assist clinicians in interpreting NGS reports when investigating the genetic basis of disease in patients with a CVID phenotype.

Since the adoption of the 1995 Data Protection Directive (Directive) (1) in the European Union, data sharing between Europe and the United U States has been problematic. The Directive made [...]

SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for COVID-19, has wreaked havoc around the globe. Hundreds of millions of individuals have been infected and well over six million have died from COVID-19. Many COVID-19 survivors have ongoing physical and psychiatric morbidity, which will remain for the rest of their lives.

The article explores the significance of organizational health and performance in today's rapidly changing world. It emphasizes the need for new practices, such as empowering employees, utilizing technology, and updating leadership styles, to drive higher organizational health. The article introduces the Organizational Health Index (OHI), which measures organizational health through nine dimensions of effectiveness. The latest upgrade of the OHI reveals six key shifts in management practices, including the importance of common purpose, the obsolescence of authoritative leadership, and the role of technology and sustainability. The article provides insights and recommendations for leaders to adapt to these changes and build healthy organizations. A study on organizational health is discussed, highlighting six key areas that leaders should focus on to build a healthy organization. The study suggests that leaders should adopt a more supportive and empowering leadership style, make data-driven decisions, prioritize employee experience, invest in technology only when it aligns with business goals, and act responsibly by considering social responsibility. These shifts are crucial for organizations to thrive in the modern workplace and retain top talent. The article emphasizes the importance of leaders embracing these changes to ensure the success of their organizations. [Extracted from the article]

In addition to having a clear why (purpose) and what (a value agenda), companies that thrive in the future will distinguish themselves by their cultures - the how of the organization. Futureproof organizations will take such examples to heart, recognizing that traditional understandings about what an organization is and where its boundaries lie are being upended. Features AS LEADERS TAKE STEPS to re-energize their people and organizations for the post-pandemic world, the most forward-looking see a larger opportunity: The chance to build on pandemic-related accomplishments to re-examine (or even reimagine) the organization's identity, how it works and how it grows. [Extracted from the article]

Conventional wisdom paints U.S. and European approaches to privacy at irreconcilable odds. But that portrayal overlooks a more nuanced reality of privacy in American law. The free speech imperative of U.S. constitutional law since the civil rights movement shows signs of tarnish. And in areas of law that have escaped constitutionalization, such as fair-use copyright and the freedom of information, developing personality norms resemble European-style balancing. Recent academic and political initiatives on privacy in the United States emphasize subject control and contextual analysis, reflecting popular thinking that is not so different after all from that which animates Europe's 1995 directive and 2012 proposed regulation. For all the handwringing in the United States over encroachment by anti-libertarian EU regulation, a new American privacy is already on the rise., TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION AND THE 'RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN' PROBLEM II. THE EU PROPOSED REGULATION A. Consent B. Transparency C. Right to be Forgotten D. International Data Transfers [...]

After almost 3 years of intense study, the immunological basis of COVID-19 is better understood. Patients who suffer severe disease have a chaotic, destructive immune response. Many patients with severe COVID-19 produce high titres of non-neutralising antibodies, which are unable to sterilise the infection. In contrast, there is increasing evidence that a rapid, balanced cellular immune response is required to eliminate the virus and mitigate disease severity. In the longer term, memory T cell responses, following infection or vaccination, play a critical role in protection against SARS-CoV-2.Given the pivotal role of cellular immunity in the response to COVID-19, diagnostic T cell assays for SARS-CoV-2 may be of particular value for immunodeficient patients. A diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 T cell assay would be of utility for immunocompromised patients who are unable to produce antibodies or have passively acquired antibodies from subcutaneous or intravenous immunoglobulin (SCIG/IVIG) replacement. In many antibody-deficient patients, cellular responses are preserved. SARS-CoV-2 T cell assays may identify breakthrough infections if reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or rapid antigen tests (RATs) are not undertaken during the window of viral shedding. In addition to utility in patients with immunodeficiency, memory T cell responses could also identify chronically symptomatic patients with long COVID-19 who were infected early in the pandemic. These individuals may have been infected before the availability of reliable RT-qPCR and RAT tests and their antibodies may have waned. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 have greater durability than antibodies and can also distinguish patients with infection from vaccinated individuals.

Many executives have grown skeptical of strategic planning. Is it any wonder? Despite all the time and energy that go into it, strategic planning most often acts as a barrier to good decision making and does little to influence strategy. Strategic planning fails because of two factors: It typically occurs annually, and it focuses on individual business units. As such, the process is completely at odds with the way executives actually make important strategy decisions, which are neither constrained by the calendar nor defined by unit boundaries. Thus, according to a survey of 156 large companies, senior executives often make strategic decisions outside the planning process, in an ad hoc fashion and without rigorous analysis or productive debate. But companies can fix the process if they attack its root problems. A few forward looking firms have thrown out their calendar-driven, business-unit-focused planning procedures and replaced them with continuous, issues-focused decision making. In doing so, they rely on several basic principles: They separate, but integrate, decision making and plan making. They focus on a few key themes. And they structure strategy reviews to produce real decisions. When companies change the timing and focus of strategic planning, they also change the nature of senior management's discussions about strategy--from "review and approve" to "debate and decide," in which top executives actively think through every major decision and its implications for the company's performance and value. The authors have found that these companies make more than twice as many important strategic decisions per year as companies that follow the traditional planning model. INSETS: Traditional Planning;Continuous, Decision-Oriented Planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the enormous time and energy that goes into strategy development, many companies have little to show for their efforts. Indeed, research by the consultancy Marakon Associates suggests that companies on average deliver only 63% of the financial performance their strategies promise. In this article, Michael Mankins and Richard Steele of Marakon present the findings of this research. They draw on their experience with high-performing companies like Barclays, Cisco, Dow Chemical, 3M, and Roche to establish some basic rules for setting and delivering strategy: Keep it simple, make it concrete. Avoid long, drawn-out descriptions of lofty goals and instead stick to clear language describing what your company will and won't do. Debate assumptions, not forecasts. Create cross-functional teams drawn from strategy, marketing, and finance to ensure the assumptions underlying your long term plans reflect both the real economics of your company's markets and its actual performance relative to competitors. Use a rigorous analytic framework. Ensure that the dialogue between the corporate center and the business units about market trends and assumptions is conducted within a rigorous framework, such as that of "profit pools." Discuss resource deployments early. Create more realistic forecasts and more executable plans by discussing up front the level and timing of critical deployments. Clearly identify priorities. Prioritize tactics so that employees have a clear sense of where to direct their efforts. Continuously monitor performance. Track resource deployment and results against plan, using continuous feedback to reset assumptions and reallocate resources. Reward and develop execution capabilities. Motivate and develop staff. Following these rules strictly can help narrow the strategy-to-performance gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Richard Steele and Thomas J. Tierney If you had a leak in your water line, would you repair it? What if you lived in a dry area where water [...]

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in the July-August 1978 issue including "Corporate Support of Education: Some Strings Attached," by Robert H. Malott, "Corporate Support of Education: No Strings Attached," by Louis W. Cabot, and "Why Do Companies Succumb to Price Fixing?"

Hydro-demolition is a method for removing concrete from bridge decks and concrete surfaces that uses high-pressure water and is faster and less labor-intensive than jackhammering. The process, however, creates a [...]

Field X comprises a giant Palaeogene limestone reservoir with a long production history. An original geomodel used for history matching employed a permeability transform derived directly from core data. However, the resulting permeability model required major modifications, such as horizontal and vertical permeability multipliers, in order to match the historic data. The rationale behind these multipliers is not well understood and not based on geological constraints. Our study employs an integrated near-wellbore upscaling workflow to identify and evaluate the geological heterogeneities that enhanced reservoir permeability. Key among these heterogeneities are mechanically weak zones of solution-enhanced porosity, leached stylolites and associated tension-gashes, which were developed during late-stage diagenetic corrosion. The results of this investigation confirmed the key role of diagenetic corrosion in enhancing the permeability of the reservoir. Insights gained from the available production history, in conjunction with petrophysical data analysis, substantiated the characterization of this solution-enhanced permeability. This study provided valuable insights into the means by which a satisfactory field-level history match for a giant carbonate reservoir can be achieved. Instead of applying artificial permeability multipliers that do not necessarily capture the impacts of geological heterogeneities, our method incorporates representations of fine-scale heterogeneities. Improving the characterization of permeability distribution in the field provided an updated and geologically consistent permeability model that could contribute to the ongoing development plans to maximize incremental oil recovery.

ABSTRACT: Successful interface design for rehabilitation technologies is much more challenging than generally thought. This paper identifies and discusses several interface methods that have proven beneficial to persons with aphasia on laptop computers that additionally show promise of successful implementation on smaller-format devices such as tablets and laptops. Illustrative, real-life examples will demonstrate how critically important it is to involve users in trying out proposed design solutions and providing user feedback.

An excerpt from the book "I Love You Baby, But the Season's Over," by Richard Steele is presented.

COVID-19 has had a disastrous impact on the world. Apart from at least 6 million deaths, countless COVID-19 survivors are suffering long-term physical and psychiatric morbidity. Hundreds of millions have been plunged into poverty caused by economic misery, particularly in developing nations.

To assess the intra-assay (intra-run) and inter-assay (inter-run) variation of commercial and in-house IgG and IgM anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) assays/kits, and to determine an appropriate maximum value for inclusion in consensus guidelines.

To investigate differences in anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) testing and reporting practices among diagnostic laboratories participating in the RCPA Quality Assurance Program (QAP) Immunology Program.

Consensus guidelines on anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) testing have been developed to help minimise laboratory variation in the performance and reporting of aCL assays. These guidelines include minimum, optimum and optional recommendations for the following aspects of aCL testing and reporting: (1) isotype of aCL tested; (2) specimen type; (3) controls and assay precision; (4) calibrators; (5) patient samples; (6) rheumatoid factors and IgM aCL testing; (7) reporting of results; (8) cut-off values; and (9) interpretative comments.

ABSTRACTThis essay argues that undergraduate theological education at Christian colleges and universities ought to concern itself with the spiritual and moral formation of undergraduate students, and suggests ways that the use of edifying stories can be especially conducive to that end. The meaning of the term ?edification? is unpacked by reference to its use in Christian scripture, and especially by reference to a delightful story told by Palladius about two Desert Fathers, Pachomius of Tabennisi and Macarius the Alexandrian. Then two crucial qualities of spiritually edifying story-telling are delineated: (1) the story chosen must invite students to engage in candid self-examination. (2) the teacher must embody the virtues that her story illustrates, but at the same time tell the story in a way that does not draw attention to herself. One who seeks to edify others must avoid all self-promotion, even while exemplifying one's lessons in one's conduct.

The description of a range of antibodies associated with coeliac disease has been an important development in the ability to test for this common and treatable condition non-invasively. However, the detection of these antibodies remains unstandardised and the appreciation of the clinical utility of each is evolving. In view of the advances in the diagnosis and understanding of coeliac disease, we discuss: (1) the relative advantages, disadvantages and comparative diagnostic utility of the different antibody tests including the confounding effect of selective IgA deficiency; (2) various technical aspects of these tests; (3) HLA-DQ typing as a supplementary tool to antibody testing; (4) areas of controversy resulting from insufficient or conflicting published data; and (5) potential testing strategies.

ALAN K. BOWMAN, EDWARD CHAMPLIN, and ANDREW LINTOTT, eds. The Cambridge Ancient History:Volume X: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xxii, 1,193. $150.00 (us). Reviewed by David Potter.O. R. DATHORNE. Asian Voyages: Two Thousand Years of Constructing the Other.Westport: Bergin and Garvey, 1996. Pp. xiv, 313. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by John E. Wills, Jr..MICHAEL E. JONES. The End of Roman Britain.Idiaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1996. Pp. ix, 323. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by A. R. Birley.SIMON FRANKLIN and JONATHAN SHEPARD. The Emergence of Rus, 750–1200.London and New York: Longman, 1996. Pp. xxii, 450. $51.95 (us). Reviewed by Daniel H. Kaiser.JONATHAN PHILLIPS. Defenders of the Holy Land: Relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119–1187.New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. xiii, 314. $108.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Malcolm Barber.MAURICE KEEN. Nobles, Knights, and Men-at-Arms in the Middle Ages.London: Hambledon, 1996. Pp. x, 268. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by Brendan Smith.JONATHAN RILEY-SMITH, ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades.New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 436. $59.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Bernard Hamilton.LEO DE HARTOG. Russia and the Mongol Yoke: The History of the Russian Principalities and the Golden Horde, 1221–1502.London: I. B. Tauris, 1996; dist. New York: St. Martin's Press. Pp. xi, 211. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Reuven Amitai-Preiss.ALAN J. LEVINE. Race Relations within Western Expansion.Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. viii, 168. $49.95 (us). Reviewed by Michael Adas.JACK GOODY. The East in the West.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. x, 295. $54.95 (us), cloth; $18.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Arun Das Gupta.JEREMY BLACK. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492–1792.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 192. $39.95 (us). Reviewed by Charles Ingrao.S. ARASARATNAM. Ceylon and the Dutch, 1600–1800: External Influences and Internal Change in Early Modern Sri Lanka.Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; dist. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing. Pp. xii, 332. $97.95 (us). Reviewed by Chandra R. De Silva.DIETER ALBRECHT, KARL OTMAR FREIHERR VON ARETIN, and WINFRIED SCHULZE, eds. Europa im Umbruch, 1750–1850.Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1995. Pp. vii, 419. DM 128. Reviewed by Paul W. Schroeder.LLOYD KRAMER. Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Personal Identities in an Age of Revolutions.Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1996. Pp. xii, 354. $39.95 (us). Reviewed by David Klinck.JOHANN REINHOLD FORSTER. Observations Made during a Voyage round the World,ed. Nicholas Thomas, Harriet Guest, and Michael Dettelbach. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996. Pp. lxxviii, 446. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by Glyndwr Williams.RORY MUIR. Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon, 1807–1813.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 466. $45.00 (us); Reviewed by Neville Thompson.JOHN D. GRAINGER, ed. The Royal Navy in the River Plate, 1806–1807.Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996; dist. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing Company. Pp. xiv, 384. $99.95 (us). Reviewed by Neville Thompson.ANDREW UFFINDELL and MICHAEL CORUM. On the Fields of Glory: The Battlefields of the 1815 Campaign.London: Greenhill Books, 1996. Pp. 360. £25.00. Reviewed by Owen Connelly.EDWARD INGRAM. Empire-Building and Empire-Builders: Twelve Studies.London: Frank Cass, 1995; dist. Pordand, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. xvii, 231. $39.50 (us). Reviewed by John Severn.MARTIN STAUCH. Im Schatten der heiligen Allianz. Frankreichs Preußenpolitik von 1848 bis 1857.Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1996. Pp. 311. $57.95 (us). Reviewed by Günther Heydemann.STUART MUIRHEAD. Crisis Banking in the East: The History of the Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China, 1853–93.Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996; dist. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing Company. Pp. xiv, 379. $74.95 (us). Reviewed by Peter Cain.PATRICK TUCK. The French Wolf and the Siamese Lamb: The French Threat to Siamese Independence, 1858–1907.Bangkok: White Lotus, 1995. Pp. xviii, 434. $37.50 (us), paper. Reviewed by D. R. SarDesai.R. J. B. BOSWORTH. Italy and the Wider World, 1860–1960.London and New York: Roudedge, 1996. Pp. x, 252. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by H. James Burgwyn.FEDERICO CHABOD. Italian Foreign Policy: The Statecraft of the Founders.Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. xlvi, 593. $29.95 (us) paper. Reviewed by R. J. B. Bosworth.THEODORE R. WEEKS. Nation and State in Late Imperial Russia: Nationalism and Russification on the Western Frontier, 1863–1914.DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1996. Pp. 297. $32.00 (us). Reviewed by Peter Konecny.D. R. HOWLAND. Borders of Chinese Civilization: Geography and History at Empire's End.Durham, N. C. and London: Duke University Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 341. $52.95 (us), cloth; $22.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Benjamin A. Elman.DAVID STEVENSON. Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904–1914.New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. xi, 463. $129.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Keith Neilson.ZACHARY LOCKMAN. Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906–1948.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. Pp. xvi, 440. $25.00 (us), paper. Reviewed by Derek Penslar.WOLFGANG J. MOMMSEN, ed. Kultur und Krieg: Die Rolle der Intellektuellen, Künstler und Schriftsteller im Ersten Weltkrieg.Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1996. Pp. viii, 282. DM 98. Reviewed by Lothar Höbelt.DAVID M. ESPOSITO. The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson: American War Aims in World War I.Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. x, 159. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by Lloyd E. Ambrosius.BOBBIE OLIVER. War and Peace in Western Australia: The Social and Political Impact of the Great War, 1914–1926.Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press, 1995; dist. Pordand, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. 314. $24.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Geoffrey Bolton.PAUL WEINDLING, ed. International Health Organisations and Movements, 1918–1939.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xvi, 337. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by Pauline M. H. Mazumdar.LINDSAY W. MICHIE. Portrait of an Appeaser: Robert Hadow, First Secretary in the British Foreign Office, 1931–1939.Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. xiv, 166. $57.95 (us). Reviewed by D. N. Lammers.BRENDA GAYLE PLUMMER. Rising Wind: Black Americans and US Foreign Affairs, 1935–1960.Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1996. Pp. xvi, 423. $46.50 (CDN), cloth; $27.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Alexander DeConde.TOYIN FALOLA. Development Planning and Decolonization in Nigeria.Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996. Pp. xxiv, 215. $49.95 (us). Reviewed by John Flint.DAVID ZIMMERMAN. Top Secret Exchange: The Tizard Mission and the Scientific War.Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996. Pp. 252. $29.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Robert Bothwell.JOSEPH D. HELLER. The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics, and Terror, 1940–1949.London: Frank Cass, 1996; dist, Portland, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. x, 358. $47.50 (us). Reviewed by Ilan Pappé.TREVOR ALLEN. The Storm Passed By: Ireland and the Battle of the Atlantic, 1940–1941.Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1996; dist. Portland, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. 197. $29.50 (us); Reviewed by Holger H. Herwig.CLAY BLAIR. Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942.New York: Random House, 1996. Pp. xxx, 809. $40.00 (us). Reviewed by Holger H. Herwig.OLEG A. RZHESHEVSKY. War and Diplomacy: The Making of a Grand Alliance.Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1996. Pp. xxiv, 325. $63.00 (us). Reviewed by Michael Jabara Carley.RAGHID EL-SOLH. Britain's Two Wars with Iraq, 1941–1991.Reading: Ithaca Press, 1996. Pp. xx, 289. $84.00 (us). Reviewed by Tore T. Petersen.CLAYTON D. LAURIE. The Propaganda Warriors: America's Crusade against Nazi Germany.Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996. Pp. xvi, 335. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Richard W. Steele.NICHOLAS TARLING. Britain, Southeast Asia, and the Onset of the Pacific War.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xii, 434. $64.95 (us). Reviewed by Ian McGibbon.G. E. PATRICK MURRAY. Eisenhower versus Montgomery: The Continuing Debate.Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. xii, 202. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by Michael Carver.HARRY STONE. Writing in the Shadow: Resistance Publications in Occupiea Europe.London: Frank Cass, 1996. Pp. viii, 207. $47.50 (us). Reviewed by Martyn Cornick.PAUL W. T. KINGSTON. Britain and the Politics of Modernization in the Middle East, 1945–1958.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xi, 191. $54.95 (us). Reviewed by Ritchie Ovendale.ROGER WOODHOUSE. British Policy towards France, 1945–1951.New York: St Martin's Press, 1995. Pp. xiii, 181. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by Anthony Adamthwaite.MICHAEL YAHUDA. The International Politics of the Asia-Pacific, 1945–1995.London: Roudedge, 1996. Pp. ix, 298. £45.00, cloth; £13.99, paper. Reviewed by Michael H. Hunt.THOMAS RISSE-KAPPEN. Go-operation among Democracies: The European Influence on US Foreign Policy.Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 250. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Frank Costigliola.GREG DONAGHY, ed. Canada: Documents on Canadian External Relations:Volume XVI: 1950.Ottawa: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1996. Pp. xlii, 1,914. $99.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Lawrence Aronsen.D. A. Low. The Egalitarian Moment: Asia and Africa, 1950–1980.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 131. $44.95 (us). Reviewed by Peter Lyon.MANUELA AGUILAR. Cultural Diplomacy and Foreign Policy: German-American Relations, 1955–1968.New York: Peter Lang, 1996. Pp. x, 305. $54.95 (us). Reviewed by Frank Ninkovich.LOUIS GALAMBOS and DAUN VAN EE, eds. The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: The Presidency: The Middle Way:Volumes XIV-XVII. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Pp. 3,040. $195.00 (us). Reviewed by Robert H. Ferrell.LOUISE RICHARDSON. When Allies Differ: Anglo-American Relations during the Suez and Falklands Crises.London: Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St. Martin's Press. Pp. x, 278. $32.50 (us). Reviewed by M. L. Dockrill.JACQUELINE TRATT. The Macmillan Government and Europe: A Study in the Process of Policy Development.New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. Pp. xiii, 238. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by John W. Young.MALIK MUFTI. Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq.Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996. Pp. vi, 286. $32.50 (us). Reviewed by Fred H. Lawson.TONY SHAW. Eden, Suez, and the Mass Media: Propaganda and Persuasion during the Suez Crisis.London: I. B. Tauris, 1996; dist. New York: St. Martin's Press. Pp. xi, 268. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Philip M. Taylor.REEVA S. SIMON, PHILIP MATTAR, and RICHARD W. BULLIET, eds. Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East:Volumes I-IV. New York: Macmillan, 1996. Pp. ix, 2,182. $375.00 (us). Reviewed by Roger Owen.ERIK R. PAGES. Responding to Defense Dependence: Policy Ideas and the American Defense Industrial Base.Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. xiv, 191. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by James M. Cypher.MICHAEL KLARE. Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws: America's Search for a New Foreign Policy.New York: Hill and Wang, 1995. Pp. 291. $12.00 (us), paper. Reviewed by.CHARLES HAUSS. Beyond Confrontation: Transforming the New World Order.Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. xii, 249. $17.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Hendrik Spruyt.HARVEY L. DYCK, ed. The Pacifist Impulse in Historical Perspective.Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 444. $70.00 (CDN). Reviewed by James Turner Johnson.