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Background: Clinical guidelines favor MRI before prostate biopsy due to proven benefits. However, adoption patterns across the US are unclear. Methods: This study used the Merative™ Marketscan® Commercial & Medicare Databases to analyze 872,829 prostate biopsies in 726,663 men from 2007–2022. Pre-biopsy pelvic MRI within 90 days was the primary outcome. Descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations assessed changes over time, urban-rural differences, and state-level variation. Results: Pre-biopsy MRI utilization increased significantly from 0.5% in 2007 to 35.5% in 2022, with faster adoption in urban areas (36.1% in 2022) versus rural areas (28.3% in 2022). Geographic disparities were notable, with higher utilization in California, New York, and Minnesota, and lower rates in the Southeast and Mountain West. Conclusions: The study reveals a paradigm shift in prostate cancer diagnostics towards MRI-guided approaches, influenced by evolving guidelines and clinical evidence. Disparities in access, particularly in rural areas and specific regions, highlight the need for targeted interventions to ensure equitable access to advanced diagnostic techniques.

Image registration is a fundamental medical image analysis task, and a wide variety of approaches have been proposed. However, only a few studies have comprehensively compared medical image registration approaches on a wide range of clinically relevant tasks. This limits the development of registration methods, the adoption of research advances into practice, and a fair benchmark across competing approaches. The Learn2Reg challenge addresses these limitations by providing a multi-task medical image registration data set for comprehensive characterisation of deformable registration algorithms. A continuous evaluation will be possible at https://learn2reg.grand-challenge.org. Learn2Reg covers a wide range of anatomies (brain, abdomen, and thorax), modalities (ultrasound, CT, MR), availability of annotations, as well as intra- and inter-patient registration evaluation. We established an easily accessible framework for training and validation of 3D registration methods, which enabled the compilation of results of over 65 individual method submissions from more than 20 unique teams. We used a complementary set of metrics, including robustness, accuracy, plausibility, and runtime, enabling unique insight into the current state-of-the-art of medical image registration. This paper describes datasets, tasks, evaluation methods and results of the challenge, as well as results of further analysis of transferability to new datasets, the importance of label supervision, and resulting bias. While no single approach worked best across all tasks, many methodological aspects could be identified that push the performance of medical image registration to new state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, we demystified the common belief that conventional registration methods have to be much slower than deep-learning-based methods

•When considering high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation therapies, patients marginally prioritized urinary incontinence (UI) over prostate biopsy outcomes, and erectile dysfunction (ED) was the least important outcome.•Patients are willing to accept increased risk of ED or UI to obtain an increased chance of favorable biopsy outcome.•Results from this study may help inform development and evaluation of future HIFU ablation therapies.

This pilot prospective study shows that preoperative whole-body gallium 68 prostate-specific membrane antigen–11 PET/MR imaging offers incremental value over dedicated prostate multiparametric MR imaging for preoperative prostate cancer localization and staging.

Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children. In the 1930s, overall survival for children with Wilms tumor was approximately 30%. Use of multidisciplinary therapy, guided by results from multi-institutional, randomized trials, has substantially improved overall survival to about 90%. Management of Wilms tumor differs substantially between Europe and the US. In Europe, the International Society of Pediatric Oncology protocols call for management of patients with presumptive Wilms tumor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by nephrectomy and further chemotherapy. In the US, protocols developed by the National Wilms Tumor Study Group advise primary nephrectomy followed by a chemotherapy regimen tailored to the pathologic tumor stage. Despite these disparate strategies, overall survival is similar in patients managed according to European and US protocols. Patients with Wilms tumor now have excellent survival. Therefore, current goals aim to reduce the morbidity associated with therapy. Important complications of treatment for Wilms tumor include cardiomyopathy, renal failure, and increased risk of a secondary malignancy. Currently, the role of laparoscopic surgery in management of Wilms tumor remains extremely limited.

Transrectal ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging simultaneously provide structural and molecular contrasts of normal and cancerous human prostates.