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Mast cells (MCs) are abundantly distributed in the human intestinal mucosa and submucosa. However, their roles and mechanisms in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. In the present research, we found that the infiltration density of MCs in CRC tissues was positively correlated with improved patients’ prognoses. Moreover, MCs suppressed the growth and induced the apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo but had no effect on normal colonic epithelial cells. The present study revealed that MCs specifically induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) in CRC cells but not in normal cells, which led to the suppression of CRC development in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the secreted Cystatin C protein was the key factor for the MC-induced ERS in CRC cells. This work is of significance for uncovering the antitumor function of MCs in CRC progression and identifying the potential of CRC to respond to MC-targeted immunotherapy.

Cross-coupling of organoboron compounds with electrophiles (Suzuki–Miyaura reaction) has greatly advanced C–C bond formation and has been well received in medicinal chemistry. During the past 50 years, transition metals have played a central role throughout the catalytic cycle of this important transformation. In this process, chemoselectivity among multiple carbon–halogen bonds is a common challenge. In particular, selective oxidative addition of transition metals to alkyl halides rather than aryl halides is difficult due to unfavorable transition states and bond strengths. We describe a new approach that uses a single organic sulfide catalyst to activate both C(sp3) halides and arylboronic acids via a zwitterionic boron “ate” intermediate. This “ate” species undergoes a 1,2-metalate shift to afford Suzuki coupling products using benzyl chlorides and arylboronic acids. Various diaryl methane analogues can be prepared, including those with complex and biologically active motifs. The reactions proceed under transition-metal-free conditions, and C(sp2) halides, including aryl bromides and iodides, are unaffected. The orthogonal chemoselectivity is demonstrated in the streamlined synthesis of highly functionalized diaryl methane scaffolds using multi-halogenated substrates. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest both the sulfonium salt and the sulfur ylide are involved in the reaction, with the formation of sulfonium salt being the slowest step in the overall catalytic cycle.

Dendrobiumis a rich source of high-value natural components. Endophytic fungi are well studied, yet bacteria research is limited. In this study, endophytic bacteria from Dendrobium nobilewere isolated using an improved method, showing inhibition of pathogens and growth promotion. JC-3jx, identified as Paenibacillus peoriae, exhibited significant inhibitory activity against tested fungi and bacteria, including Escherichia coli. JC-3jx also promoted corn seed rooting and Dendrobiumgrowth, highlighting its excellent biocontrol and growth-promoting potential.

This study aims to improve urban resilience in the face of public health emergencies. Therefore, based on the urban resilience development theory, a resilience evaluation index system for healthy cities is constructed. In addition, the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm and entropy method are combined to empirically evaluate 7 representative cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Linear regression analysis is carried out on the index weight of the evaluation system, relative proximity degree, and score of urban resilience. The results reveal that social environment and infrastructure are two important factors in the resilience evaluation of healthy cities. Nanjing and Shanghai have relatively good resilience, while Ma'anshan has the worst resilience. It is also found that economic status is the most critical factor affecting urban resilience. Thus, this study enriches the theories related to urban resilience, expands the evaluation system of urban resilience, and opens up a new approach to the quantitative evaluation of urban resilience.

53BP1 is a chromatin-binding protein that regulates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by suppressing the nucleolytic resection of DNA termini1,2. This function of 53BP1 requires interactions with PTIP3and RIF14–9, the latter of which recruits REV7 (also known as MAD2L2) to break sites10,11. How 53BP1-pathway proteins shield DNA ends is currently unknown, but there are two models that provide the best potential explanation of their action. In one model the 53BP1 complex strengthens the nucleosomal barrier to end-resection nucleases12,13, and in the other 53BP1 recruits effector proteins with end-protection activity. Here we identify a 53BP1 effector complex, shieldin, that includes C20orf196 (also known as SHLD1), FAM35A (SHLD2), CTC-534A2.2 (SHLD3) and REV7. Shieldin localizes to double-strand-break sites in a 53BP1- and RIF1-dependent manner, and its SHLD2 subunit binds to single-stranded DNA via OB-fold domains that are analogous to those of RPA1 and POT1. Loss of shieldin impairs non-homologous end-joining, leads to defective immunoglobulin class switching and causes hyper-resection. Mutations in genes that encode shieldin subunits also cause resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in BRCA1-deficient cells and tumours, owing to restoration of homologous recombination. Finally, we show that binding of single-stranded DNA by SHLD2 is critical for shieldin function, consistent with a model in which shieldin protects DNA ends to mediate 53BP1-dependent DNA repair. The 53BP1 effector complex shieldin is involved in non-homologous end-joining and immunoglobulin class switching, and acts to protect DNA ends to facilitate the repair of DNA by 53BP1.

Attributing to high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are receiving great attention. However, the commercialization of such technology is seriously hindered by the shuttle effect of polysulfides during the round-trip charge and discharge process. Herein, with three types of carbon materials and ZrO2nanoparticles filled in polyetherimide (PEI) support framework with good stability, porous composite films were obtained by a simple non-solvent phase separation (NIPS) as free-standing interlayers for LSBs. The obtained interlayers can not only provide hierarchical channels for improving lithium-ion transfer number, but also own excellent physicochemical stability and strong adsorption capability towards lithium polysulfide (LiPS). Compared with the pristine one, the representative LSB with graphene/polyetherimide/ZrO2interlayer (GPZ) shows good initial cycle discharge specific capacity (1280 mAh g−1), better capacity retention (749 mAh g−1after 200 cycles) and good rate performance (580 mAh g−1at 2C). This work provides a facile and promising way to achieve functional interlayer with high stability for high performance LSBs.

The PSMC3IP-MND1 heterodimer promotes meiotic D loop formation before DNA strand exchange. In genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and interference screens in mitotic cells, depletion of PSMC3IPor MND1causes sensitivity to poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) used in cancer treatment. PSMC3IPor MND1depletion also causes ionizing radiation sensitivity.These effects are independent of PSMC3IP/MND1’s role in mitotic alternative lengthening of telomeres. PSMC3IP- or MND1-depleted cells accumulate toxic RAD51 foci in response to DNA damage, show impaired homology-directed DNA repair, and become PARPi sensitive, even in cells lacking both BRCA1and TP53BP1. Epistasis between PSMC3IP-MND1and BRCA1/BRCA2defects suggest that abrogated D loop formation is the cause of PARPi sensitivity. Wild-type PSMC3IPreverses PARPi sensitivity, whereas a PSMC3IPp.Glu201del mutant associated with D loop defects and ovarian dysgenesis does not. These observations suggest that meiotic proteins such as MND1 and PSMC3IP have a greater role in mitotic DNA repair.

We investigate three-dimensional focus shaping generated from double-mode cylindrical vector beams with the Gaussian and Bessel–Gaussian pupil apodization functions by choosing the suitable polarization states of beams. Further, we compare them with that generated from the Laguerre–Gaussian pupil apodization function in the same situation. We find that the focus shaping generated from the Gaussian beam has the smallest zero intensity spot size. However, the situation of the Bessel–Gaussian beam not only possesses stability, which makes it suitable when applied in optical trapping, but also shows the best uniformity, which indicates its excellent performance in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.

This study reports a new type of alkaline anion-exchange membranes consisting of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-1,3-bis [3-(dimethylamino)propyl] urea copolymer (PUB). The membranes were prepared by a combined chemical cross-linking method with different concentration solution consisting of glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The OH- conductivity of the membranes was found to be increased with increasing mass ratio of PUB, and reached high up to 6.78 x 10-3S cm-1 at room temperature.. It is found that the conductivity reached 7.60x10-3S cm-1 under ambient conditions when the membrane were immersed into the cross-linking reaction solution consisting of 15 wt.% GA. Moreover, The OH- conductivities were all gradually increased with increasing temperature, where the maximum OH- conductivity of 9.28x10-3 S cm-1 was obtained at 80oC.

Two novel cross-linked anion exchange membranes (AEMs) composed of PVA or Chitosan by incorporation of PMViC-Co-VP as ion conductors for alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) were prepared by a simple solution-casting method. The anion conductivity (OH-) and water uptake of the as-prepared membranes were investigated. It is found that the OH- conductivities could reach 0.0086S cm-1 for both PVA/PMViC-Co-VP/GA and Chitosan/PMViC-Co-VP/GA membranes, and gradually increased with increasing temperature up to 80oC. Meamnwhile, the water uptake (WU) of these two kinds membranes are aslo less than 100% after immerion in different concentrations of KOH (1-8M) solution. In addition, both PVA (Chitosan)/PMViC-Co-VP/GA membranes posses good mechanical property, where the PVA/PMViC-Co-VP/GA (1:0.5:0.1 by mass) membrane shows the tensile strength of 31.11 MPa with elongation at break of 10.45%.

Based on the investigation of the current situation of ship automation system construction and ship computer network architecture, the status and requirements of ship computer network information security are studied and analyzed. Ship safety management objectives are set, and the principle of network system security configuration is proposed. Furthermore, the evolution process of network security management is clarified, so as to establish and improve the ship network security management system. Finally, according to all the above analysis and research, the construction plan of information security protected for ship industrial system is determined.

Two novel cross-linked anion exchange membranes (AEMs) composed of PVA or Chitosan by incorporation of PMViC-Co-VP as ion conductors for alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) were prepared by a simple solution-casting method. The anion conductivity (OH-) and water uptake of the as-prepared membranes were investigated. It is found that the OH- conductivities could reach 0.0086S cm-1for both PVA/PMViC-Co-VP/GA and Chitosan/PMViC-Co-VP/GA membranes, and gradually increased with increasing temperature up to 80oC. Meamnwhile, the water uptake (WU) of these two kinds membranes are aslo less than 100% after immerion in different concentrations of KOH (1-8M) solution. In addition, both PVA (Chitosan)/PMViC-Co-VP/GA membranes posses good mechanical property, where the PVA/PMViC-Co-VP/GA (1:0.5:0.1 by mass) membrane shows the tensile strength of 31.11 MPa with elongation at break of 10.45%.

This study reports a new type of alkaline anion-exchange membranes consisting of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-1,3-bis [3-(dimethylamino)propyl] urea copolymer (PUB). The membranes were prepared by a combined chemical cross-linking method with different concentration solution consisting of glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The OH-conductivity of the membranes was found to be increased with increasing mass ratio of PUB, and reached high up to 6.78 × 10-3S cm-1at room temperature.. It is found that the conductivity reached 7.60×10-3S cm-1under ambient conditions when the membrane were immersed into the cross-linking reaction solution consisting of 15 wt.% GA. Moreover, The OH-conductivities were all gradually increased with increasing temperature, where the maximum OH-conductivity of 9.28×10-3S cm-1was obtained at 80oC.