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Returning crop straw into the soil is an important practice to balance biogenic and bioavailable silicon (Si) pool in paddy, which is crucial for the healthy growth of rice. However, owing to little knowledge about soil microbial communities responsible for straw degradation, how straw return affects Si bioavailability, its uptake, and rice yield remains elusive. Herein, we investigate the change of soil Si fractions and microbial community in a 39-year-old paddy field amended by a long-term straw return. Results show that rice straw return significantly increased soil bioavailable Si and rice yield from 29.9% to 61.6% and from 14.5% to 23.6%, respectively, when compared to NPK fertilization alone. Straw return significantly altered soil microbial community abundance. Acidobacteria was positively and significantly related to amorphous Si, while Rokubacteria at phylum level, Deltaproteobacteria, and Holophagae at class level was negatively and significantly related to organic matter adsorbed and Fe/Mn-oxide-combined Si in soils. Redundancy analysis of their correlations further demonstrated that Si status significantly explained 12% of soil bacterial community variation. These findings suggest that soil bacteria community and diversity interact with Si mobility by altering its transformation, thus resulting in the balance of various nutrient sources to drive biological Si cycle in agroecosystem.

Manure application is a global approach for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, the response of SOC decomposition in manure-applied soil to abrupt warming, often occurring during diurnal temperature fluctuations, remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of long-term (23 years) continuous application of manure on SOC chemical composition, soil respiration, and microbial communities under temperature shifts (15 vs 25 °C) in the presence of plant residues. Compared to soil without fertilizer, manure application reduced SOC recalcitrance indexes (i.e., aliphaticity and aromaticity) by 17.45 and 21.77%, and also reduced temperature sensitivity (Q10) of native SOC decomposition, plant residue decomposition, and priming effect by 12.98, 15.98, and 52.83%, respectively. The relative abundances of warm-stimulated chemoheterotrophic bacteria and fungi were lower in the manure-applied soil, whereas those of chemoautotrophic Thaumarchaeota were higher. In addition, the microbial network of the manure-applied soil was more interconnected, with more negative connections with the warm-stimulated taxa than soils without fertilizer or with chemical fertilizer applied. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the reduced loss of SOC to abrupt warming by manure application arises from C chemistry modification, less warm-stimulated microorganisms, a more complex microbial community, and the higher CO2intercepting capability by Thaumarchaeota.

Desertification control is a crucial way to enhancing the ecological conditions of arid and semi-arid regions, and maintaining sustainable development globally. Designing and improving an ecological compensation mechanism for desertification control has great significance related to achieving balance amongst the needs of different economic subjects and the assurance of a sustained and stable supply of desert ecosystem services. In this paper, (1) the theoretical bases of ecological compensation for desertification control were re-analyzed; (2) the research status and challenges of three important topics related to ecological compensation for desertification control were systemically discussed, including compensation standards, ecosystem service supply-consumption process and multi-scale effects, and resource- environment basis and policy orientation; (3) a research framework of ecological compensation for desertification control based on the process of desert ecosystem service supply–flow–consumption was proposed; (4) and finally, seven priority research issues were discussed, which aimed to support ecological compensation policy-making and ecological engineering implementation for desertification control.