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Unlike batch manufacturing, where drug substances or finished products are made with separate unit manufacturing steps with intermediate storage and testing between steps that sometimes take place in different global [...]

September is World Alzheimer's Month, a time to raise awareness about dementia, which affects over 55 million people globally and is expected to impact more than 150 million by 2030, [...]

Byline: Special to the RBJ Jay Welles ran into an acquaintance a few weeks ago who was eager to tell the investment professional all about how he bought Nvidia and [...]

Facts about climate change are often ineffective in impacting people's climate change beliefs or environmentally related behaviors. Multiple theories of environmental behavior use norms to foster behavior change. Science fiction writers may also attempt to sway individuals 'perceptions of climate change through imaginings of a future affected by climate change. The impact of these fictional narratives on individuals' climate change perceptions and related behaviors has not been widely studied. We examined the impact of (i) personal versus social norms and (ii) fiction versus nonfiction climate change readings on undergraduate students' climate change perceptions and behaviors. On average, students' climate change beliefs, risk-perceptions, and behavioral intentions increased across all intervention groups. Comparing fiction with nonfiction, personal with social norms, and interaction effects revealed no significant difference between changes in students' behavioral intentions. However, trends in this exploratory research suggest that social norms and fiction writings are worth exploring as particularly effective ways to engage students in climate change discussions. These results reveal the potential for fictional narratives and social norms to encourage impactful discussion around climate change., Climate change is recognized as one of the most pressing issues affecting our world today. Because climate change is a complex, interdisciplinary, politically charged topic, it presents specific challenges in [...]

Heman Bekele, a 15-year-old student, has been named TIME's Kid of the Year for 2024. He has developed a soap that could potentially treat and prevent multiple forms of skin cancer by combining a lipid-based nanoparticle with a drug used to fight skin cancer. Shanya Gill, a 13-year-old girl, invented a device that detects unattended heat sources to prevent fires. Jordan Sucato, a 15-year-old, started a nonprofit to provide protective boots for homeless dogs. Keivonn Woodard, an 11-year-old Deaf actor, gained recognition for his role in HBO's The Last of Us. Madhvi Chittoor, a 13-year-old, successfully advocated for a bill banning harmful chemicals in consumer goods. [Extracted from the article]

Clinical and surgical training is an essential priority of academic urology. Further, it is invaluable to society that a well-trained workforce be sustained. Despite this, the involvement of trainees in [...]

Byline: Special to the RBJ You thought you'd hit the number that meant your 'bad' cholesterol was under control. Your doctor gives you a pat on the back and a [...]

IN BRIEF Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPAC) had, until recently, demonstrated unbroken growth as a popular alternative to conventional initial public offerings (IPO). Although SPACs offer certain advantages over traditional [...]

Contents Khadija's Birth Story Introduction I. An Overview of Maternal and Infant Mortality in the United States II. Doulas and Improved Maternal and Infant Outcomes A. The Role of Doulas [...]

FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 842, Leases, issued in February 2016, marked a significant overhaul in the financial reporting of long-term leases. Its adoption created many challenges for public [...]

THE COVID-19 pandemic disrupted all facets of education and left understaffed schools, widened learning gaps, and pressure to accelerate learning for students whose academic development had been delayed by school [...]

Byline: Maya Singer Photographed by Jack Davison. Melody Maker Finding hidden music in a role has long been a theme of Carey Mulligan's astonishing career-but never more so than in [...]

Byline: Photographed by Rafael Pavarotti. Supersonic In a colorful riot of '90s nostalgia, four Supers-Linda, Cindy, Christy, and Naomi-talk about a new documentary on their (fabulous) lives and legacy. Sally [...]

Byline: Artwork by Yuki James. What's Real? Modern life is getting weirder by the day. Maya Singer on the uncanny valley of our Ozempic-meets-AI era-and why connection still matters. Not [...]

Objective: To examine outpatient care fragmentation and its association with future hospitalization among patients at high risk for hospitalization. Data Sources: Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare data. Study Design: We conducted a longitudinal study, using logistic regression to examine how outpatient care fragmentation in FY14 (as measured by number of unique providers, Breslau's Usual Provider of Care (UPC), Bice-Boxerman's Continuity of Care Index (COCI), and Modified Modified Continuity Index (MMCI)) was associated with all-cause hospitalizations and hospitalizations related to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) in FY15. We also examined how fragmentation varied by patient's age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, rural status, history of homelessness, number of chronic conditions, Medicare utilization, and mental health care utilization. Data Extraction Methods: We extracted data for 130,704 VA patients [greater than or equal to]65 years old with a hospitalization risk [greater than or equal to]90th percentile and [greater than or equal to] four outpatient visits in the baseline year. Principal Findings: The mean (SD) of FY14 outpatient visits was 13.2 (8.6). Fragmented care (more providers, less care with a usual provider, more dispersed care based on COCI) was more common among patients with more chronic conditions and those receiving mental health care. In adjusted models, most fragmentation measures were not associated with all-cause hospitalization, and patients with low levels of fragmentation (more concentrated care based on UPC, COCI, and MMCI) had a higher likelihood of an ACSC-related hospitalization (AOR, 95% CI = 1.21 (1.09-1.35), 1.27 (1.14-1.42), and 1.28 (1.18-1.40), respectively). Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, outpatient care fragmentation was not associated with elevated all-cause hospitalization rates among VA patients in the top 10th percentile for risk of admission; in fact, fragmented care was linked to lower rates of hospitalization for ACSCs. In integrated settings such as the VA, multiple providers, and dispersed care might offer access to timely or specialized care that offsets risks of fragmentation, particularly for conditions that are sensitive to ambulatory care. KEYWORDS care fragmentation, continuity of care, multimorbidity, health system outcome models, care coordination What is known on this topic * Care fragmentation (dispersion of a patient's care across clinicians and health care settings) is a common challenge for patients, particularly for those with multiple chronic conditions. * Fragmentation within primary care and across multiple prescribers and settings has been associated with higher rates of hospitalization and emergency department visits. What this study adds * In this study of Veterans Affairs patients at high-risk for hospitalization, fragmented care (more providers, less care with a usual provider, more dispersed care) was more common among patients with more chronic conditions and those receiving mental health care. * Contrary to expectations, we found that fragmented outpatient care did not increase risk of future all-cause hospitalization among patients in the top 10th percentile for the VA patient population, and in fact was associated with a lower likelihood of hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions., 1 | INTRODUCTION Care fragmentation--dispersion of a patient's care across clinicians and health care settings-is a common challenge, particularly for patients with multiple chronic conditions. (1-5) One study found that [...]

It's a bright summer afternoon at the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles, and my mother, Alice Waters, is tinkering with the peaches. A long table bisecting the courtyard is resplendent [...]

Spare a thought for poor Thomas Overbury. I was dismayed to read in Elizabeth Winkler's piece (Critics, 24 November) that his handsome face is now being used spuriously as part [...]

For all the innovation and breakthroughs available to 21st-century military commanders, the enduring nature of uncertainty persists. And it will continue to do so, compounded by the complexity, nuance, and [...]

Designer Heidi Caillier and her client Colleen DeCourcy met online through The Expert, a platform for video consultations with interior designers. They decided to work together on DeCourcy's new home in East Hampton, which was a builder's spec house lacking character. Caillier furnished the home with unique pieces, including BDDW furniture and tiles, and commissioned a mural and tapestry-like canvas. The home combines classic and modern elements, creating a moody and multilayered space. DeCourcy wanted the home to feel assembled over time and hired a local garden designer to rewild the landscape. The renovations were completed, and DeCourcy is particularly fond of the library, which is furnished with vintage pieces and enveloped in bookshelves. The home reflects both Caillier's design ideals and DeCourcy's desire for a home that feels good to be in. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a comprehensive overview of investment options for individuals with $10,000 to invest. It emphasizes the importance of understanding one's risk appetite and offers insights from experts in various sectors. The state of the Australian economy and global growth are analyzed, highlighting potential challenges such as inflation, geopolitical issues, and demographics. The property market is described as defying expectations, with national housing values reaching new highs due to supply and demand dynamics. The article suggests investing in research and advice for property buyers and mentions resources such as research reports, podcasts, and paid subscriptions. The cryptocurrency industry is experiencing significant growth, with Bitcoin and Ethereum gaining mainstream acceptance and institutional investment. The macro environment and monetary policy are seen as potential tailwinds for cryptocurrencies in 2025, and they are expected to become a mainstream asset class in traditional finance. The number of global crypto owners is increasing, and consumers have various options for buying and transacting in cryptocurrencies. Regulation and laws are important to keep up with industry innovation and enhance trust. Traditional investments such as term deposits and savings accounts have seen rate cuts, while mortgage payments and high-growth assets like tech stocks and gold are recommended for investment. Managed funds are a good option for retail investors to gain exposure to different asset classes, and factors to consider when selecting a managed fund include the experience and culture of the investment team, the coherence of the investment process, historical returns, fund capacity, and the incentive structure for the investment team. The text also provides information on investment strategies [Extracted from the article]

In several two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), lithium intercalation has been observed to induce a phase transition from the 2H phase to the 1T′ phase in the TMDs, leading to improvements in various applications. For MoTe2, calculations have also predicted the same phase transition under the influence of electron doping, strain, or lithium intercalation. In this work, however, we experimentally demonstrate that electrochemically controlled lithium intercalation does not lead to the predicted phase change in 2H-MoTe2. Instead, the 2H-MoTe2directly decomposes to molybdenum (Mo), tellurium (Te), and lithium telluride (Li2Te) upon lithiation despite the significant electron doping achieved by the lithium intercalation into 2H-MoTe2flakes, probed using in situRaman spectroscopy and in situconductivity measurements. Performing the lithium intercalation on 2H-MoTe2flakes at higher temperatures also did not result in the 1T′ phase, suggesting that additional thermal energy did not facilitate the phase transition. Thus, our experiments directly challenge the theoretical prediction and point to a potentially high nucleation barrier for the 1T′ phase in MoTe2. Our findings emphasize the importance of studying the phase transition pathways for lithium intercalation-induced phase transitions in 2D TMDs.

Socio-scientific issues provide a great platform to both engage students in scientific topics and assess their understanding of scientific concepts. Nancy R. Singer, Amy Lannin, Maha Kareem, William Romine, and Katie Kline report on the STEM Literacy Project, a three-year National Science Foundation grant that aimed to improve STEM teachers' knowledge and integration of literacy in their classrooms. They describe teachers' professional learning, scenario-based assessments and other strategies they incorporated in their STEM classrooms, and how writing enables students to understand real-world issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contribution: This article provides an examination of changes in first-year engineering students’ perceptions of the role of an engineer after completing the Engineers Without Borders Challenge. Background: Essential pre- and post-comparisons missing in existing studies on the Challenge are provided, as well as comparison to other first-year project types across two universities. Research Question: Do students who participate in service-learning versus traditional project-based learning gain different understandings of the role of an engineer? Methodology: This work implements the questionnaire variant of convergent mixed methods design. A survey containing a mix of Likert-scale, open-ended short answer, and closed card sorting questions was administered to students enrolled in first-year engineering (FYE) courses across two institutions. Limitations of this work include potential bias due to the pre/post survey design and participant course self-selection. Findings: Students’ perceptions of the roles of engineers did not significantly differ by project type. However, changes in their perceptions of technical skills as important to the role of engineers did indicate the beginning of a transition from discipline level thinking to process level thinking. Additionally, course learning objectives influenced students’ perceptions of the role of engineers—with an increase in awareness of the importance of problem solving, communication, design process, and teamwork and a decreasing sense of importance of items missing from course objectives, such as creativity and helping people. Engineers’ professional responsibility to diversity, equity, and inclusion were absent from both the course syllabi and student perceptions of the role of an engineer.

This article proposes a new mode of sensory literary history, illustrated through an attentive reading of the sonic world the chronicler Gilles li Muisis creates in his account of the plague in Tournai in 1349. It shows that the blind chronicler presents sound as operating according to a plague-like logic of contagion, as he records songs, sermons, bells, and popular speech from within the walls of his quiet Benedictine monastery. A fuller consideration of this writer’s sonic environs, as well as the sound dynamics of his own compositional process, sheds new light on the auditory implications of his alternate choices of prose and verse, Latin and vernacular; and beyond the conclusions it draws about this one relatively little-known writer, it shows how more concentrated efforts at listening for medieval sonic cues can reveal significant sensory echoes in our own time.

This article explores the changing perception of aging and fashion, focusing on how fashion brands are now recognizing and celebrating older women. It highlights examples of fashion shows that featured models over the age of 40, challenging outdated stereotypes. The article also discusses the concept of age-appropriate fashion and the need for a new language to describe the experiences and identities of older women. It challenges societal expectations and stereotypes about aging, emphasizing that women in their 50s and 60s can have fulfilling lives and enjoy intimacy. The article also explores the evolving fashion choices of older women and the desire for a style that celebrates their maturity and individuality. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of society changing its perceptions of aging and embracing the diversity and vitality of older women. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the difficulties encountered by a couple in their new-build home in Sloan's Lake, Colorado, focusing on unanticipated repairs and construction flaws. Topics discussed include problems with construction quality, expensive fixes, and broader issues in Colorado's housing market, such as supply shortages and inadequate oversight.

The article explores the annual Carhartt Ball in Talkeetna, Alaska, where locals come together to celebrate the durability and lifesaving qualities of Carhartt clothing. Carhartt is a popular workwear brand in Alaska due to its ability to withstand extreme conditions. The event includes a storytelling competition and showcases individuals who credit their Carhartt clothing with saving them from dangerous situations. The article emphasizes the cultural significance of Carhartt in Alaska and its role in the state's frontier culture. The author, a writer for the New York Times, reflects on their experiences covering unique stories for Outside Magazine. [Extracted from the article]

IMPORTANCE: Hemorrhage is the most common cause of preventable death after injury. Most deaths occur early, in the prehospital phase of care. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether prehospital zone 1 (supraceliac) partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (Z1 P-REBOA) can be achieved in the resuscitation of adult trauma patients at risk of cardiac arrest and death due to exsanguination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a prospective observational cohort study (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term follow-up [IDEAL] 2A design) with recruitment from June 2020 to March 2022 and follow-up until discharge from hospital, death, or 90 days evaluating a physician-led and physician-delivered, urban prehospital trauma service in the Greater London area. Trauma patients aged 16 years and older with suspected exsanguinating subdiaphragmatic hemorrhage, recent or imminent hypovolemic traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) were included. Those with unsurvivable injuries or who were pregnant were excluded. Of 2960 individuals attended by the service during the study period, 16 were included in the study. EXPOSURES: ZI REBOA or P-REBOA. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was the proportion of patients in whom Z1 REBOA and Z1 P-REBOA were achieved. Clinical end points included systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to Z1 REBOA, mortality rate (1 hour, 3 hours, 24 hours, or 30 days postinjury), and survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS: Femoral arterial access for Z1 REBOA was attempted in 16 patients (median [range] age, 30 [17-76] years; 14 [81%] male; median [IQR] Injury Severity Score, 50 [39-57]). In 2 patients with successful arterial access, REBOA was not attempted due to improvement in clinical condition. In the other 14 patients (8 [57%] of whom were in traumatic cardiac arrest [TCA]), 11 successfully underwent cannulation and had aortic balloons inflated in Z1. The 3 individuals in whom cannulation was unsuccessful were in TCA (failure rate = 3/14 [21%]). Median (IQR) pre-REBOA SBP in the 11 individuals for whom cannulation was successful (5 [46%] in TCA) was 47 (33-52) mm Hg. Z1 REBOA plus P-REBOA was associated with a significant improvement in BP (median [IQR] SBP at emergency department arrival, 101 [77-107] mm Hg; 0 of 10 patients were in TCA at arrival). The median group-level improvement in SBP from the pre-REBOA value was 52 (95% CI, 42-77) mm Hg (P < .004). P-REBOA was feasible in 8 individuals (8/11 [73%]) and occurred spontaneously in 4 of these. The 1- and 3-hour postinjury mortality rate was 9% (1/11), 24-hour mortality was 27% (3/11), and 30-day mortality was 82% (9/11). Survival to hospital discharge was 18% (2/11). Both survivors underwent early Z1 P-REBOA. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, prehospital Z1 P-REBOA is feasible and may enable early survival, but with a significant incidence of late death. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04145271

Investigational therapeutics that target toxic species of α-synuclein (αSyn) aim to slow down or halt disease progression in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here this 44-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-center phase 1 study investigated safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of UB-312, an active immunotherapeutic targeting pathological αSyn, in patients with PD. The primary outcome measures were adverse event frequency and change in anti-αSyn antibody titers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Exploratory outcomes were changes in clinical scales and biomarker-based target engagement as measured by seed amplification assays. Twenty patients were randomized 7:3 (UB-312:placebo) into 300/100/100 μg or 300/300/300 μg (weeks 1, 5 and 13) intramuscular prime-boost dose groups. Safety was similar across groups; adverse events were mostly mild and transient. Two patients experienced three serious adverse events in total, one possibly treatment related; all resolved without sequalae. Anti-αSyn antibodies in serum from 12/13 and CSF from 5/13 patients who received three UB-312 doses confirmed immunogenicity. Mean serum titers (in log-dilution factor) increased from baseline by 1.398 and 1.354, and peaked at week 29 at 2.520 and 2.133, for 300/100/100 μg and 300/300/300 μg, respectively. CSF titers were 0 at baseline and were 0.182 and 0.032 at week 21, respectively. Exploratory analyses showed no statistical differences in clinical scales but a significant reduction of αSyn seeds in CSF of a subset of UB-312-treated patients. These data support further UB-312 development. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04075318.

Dust generated during various wood-related activities, such as cutting, sanding, or processing wood materials, can pose significant health and environmental risks due to its potential to cause respiratory problems and contribute to air pollution. Understanding the factors influencing dust emission is important for devising effective mitigation strategies, ensuring a safer working environment, and minimizing environmental impact. This study focuses on developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict dust emission values in the machining of black poplar (Populus nigraL.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalisL.), and medium-density fiberboards.

Byline: Special to the RBJ Spender or saver? Worrier or risk-taker? Sitting across from a client, a financial planner wants needs to know more than the amount of money to [...]

Byline: Special to the RBJ At least once a week, someone would call Joel Harper and ask if he ever considered selling the family business: Harper Homes. 'The answer was [...]

Byline: TEXT BY PAOLA SINGER PHOTOGRAPHY BY MIGUEL FLORES-VIANNA wish fulfillment Decades after first falling in love with a neighborhood in her native Madrid, designer Isabel Lépez-Quesada makes one of [...]

Byline: Maya Singer. Photographed by Zo� Ghertner. Unfinished Business Do you have filter fatigue? You're not alone: This season, designers are reflecting our decidedly flawed world with perfectly imperfect pieces-which [...]

Cleanroom disinfection remains a critical aspect of contamination control, as highlighted in current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs) and the recent revision (2022) to EudraLex Volume 4 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) [...]

Experiences of stigma in health care encounters among LGBTQ+ populations (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer and questioning) have long been a barrier to care. Marginalization and historically grounded fears of stigmatization have contributed to a reluctance to disclose sexual behavior and/or gender identity to health care providers. We reflect on how student nurses grappled with the ethics of patient disclosure while providing mobile outreach in Chicago for mpox (formerly monkeypox) from fall 2022 to spring 2023. Student nurses addressed how requiring disclosure of sexual behavior or sexual orientation may serve as a barrier to accessing preventive care, such as mpox vaccination. Accounts of stigma and criminalization experienced by LGBTQ+ people provide insight on challenges historically associated with disclosure in health care.

Objective: This study sought to identify potential disparities among racial/ethnic groups in patient perceptions of integrated care (PPIC) and to explore how methodological differences may influence measured disparities. Data Source: Data from Medicare beneficiaries who completed the 2015 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and were enrolled in Part A benefits for an entire year. Study Design: We used 4-point measures of eight dimensions of PPIC and assessed differences in dimensions among racial/ethnic groups. To estimate differences, we applied a 'rank and replace' method using multiple regression models in three steps, balancing differences in health status among racial groups and adjusting for differences in socioeconomic status. We reran all analyses with additional SES controls and using standard multiple variable regression. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: Not applicable. Principal Findings: We found several significant differences in perceived integrated care between Black versus White (three of eight measures) and Hispanic versus White (one of eight) Medicare beneficiaries. On average, Black beneficiaries perceived more integrated support for self-care than did White beneficiaries (mean difference = 0.14, SE = 0.06, P =.02). Black beneficiaries perceived more integrated specialists' knowledge of past medical history than did White beneficiaries (mean difference = 0.12, SE = 0.06, P =.01). Black and Hispanic beneficiaries also each reported, on average, 0.18 more integrated medication and home health management than did White beneficiaries (P Conclusions: There exist some aspects of care for which Black and Hispanic beneficiaries may perceive greater integrated care than non-Hispanic White beneficiaries. Further studies should test theories explaining why racial/ethnic groups perceive differences in integrated care. KEYWORDS integrated delivery systems, Medicare, patient assessment/satisfaction, racial/ethnic differences in health and health care, 1 INTRODUCTION Racial and ethnic disparities pervade all aspects of health care, including inequalities in patient access and utilization, system delivery, and individual- and population-level outcomes. (1) Previous literature has [...]

WE'RE OLD PALS--and sustainable-food veterans--who had our first kids within a month of each other in 2022. We couldn't wait to welcome our children into the flavor-crazy world of solid [...]

Byline: Special to the RBJ The email to the chief financial officer seemed to come from the CEO. The message said the CEO was visiting a vendor. He needed them [...]

Byline: PAOLA SINGER SETTING THE SCENE Long established as a food destination, Uruguay's Garzén is making strides as a hub for international art The last time I drove to Garzén, [...]

Byline: Edward Koren Envisioning Extinction Tragicomic creatures of a terrifying future. For several years, until the pandemic and declining health dictated otherwise, Edward Koren, who turned eighty-seven this month, made [...]

In anticipation of Christmas, Hanukkah, and New Year's, I've been revisiting some of my favorites from our roundup of holiday books, among them Latkes and Applesauce: A Hanukkah Story (Charlesbridge, [...]

The Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound (BPP) theory of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation in fluids dating back to 1948 continues to be the linchpin in interpreting NMR relaxation data in applications ranging from characterizing fluids in porous media to medical imaging (MRI). The BPP theory is founded on assuming molecules are hard spheres with 1H–1H dipole pairs reorienting randomly; assumptions that are severe in light of modern understanding of liquids. Nevertheless, it is intriguing to this day that the BPP theory was consistent with the original experimental data for glycerol, a hydrogen-bonding molecular fluid for which the hard-sphere-rigid-dipole assumption is inapplicable. To better understand this incongruity, atomistic molecular simulations are used to compute 1H NMR T1relaxation dispersion (i.e., frequency dependence) in two contrasting cases: glycerol, and a (non hydrogen-bonding) viscosity standard. At high viscosities, simulations predict distinct functional forms of T1for glycerol compared to the viscosity standard, in agreement with modern measurements, yet both in contrast to BPP theory. The cause of these departures from BPP theory is elucidated, without assuming any relaxation models and without any free parameters, by decomposing the simulated T1response into dynamic molecular modes for both intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. The decomposition into dynamic molecular modes provides an alternative framework to understand the physics of NMR relaxation for viscous fluids.

Versammlungen wollen Aufmerksamkeit. Ein Blick in die Medien zeigt, dass sie sie auch bekommen. Im besten Fall richtet sich diese Aufmerksamkeit auf die entsprechenden politischen Forderungen, häufig aber auf Mittel, Formen und Inhalte der Versammlung, die als Zumutung empfunden werden. Der folgende Beitrag versucht, die Zumutungen von und durch Versammlungen verfassungsrechtlich einzuordnen und anhand aktueller Beispiele Schlüsse für den staatlichen Umgang mit dem vermeintlich oder tatsächlich Unzumutbaren zu ziehen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTOpioid-related deaths continue to rise and a sizable proportion of people who present the greatest risk for fatal overdose are admitted to local detention centers. Despite the evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of medication to address the symptoms of opioid use disorder and the recent legal decisions (Department of Justice, 2022) mandating access, this treatment is only available in about 25% of jails in the US and most of them are located in urban or semi-urban areas. The current study was designed to better understand the steps that need to be taken to implement these programs in rural detention centers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 sheriffs and jail administrators across a nine-county region in southern Appalachia to identify the best pathway toward the delivery of medication for opioid use in the detention centers. Administrators’ views of these programs fell on a continuum from being completely opposed to highly receptive. Qualitative analysis of the barriers to implementation also varied according to these positions. Effective approaches to facilitating the adoption of medication programs in rural jails must address administrators’ views, but they must also take into account the unique characteristics of the detention center and the community in which they are located.

Lithium-rich antiperovskites promise to be a compelling class of high-capacity cathode materials due to the existence of both cationic and anionic redox activity. Little is however known about the effect of separating the electrochemical cationic process from the anionic process and the associated implications on the electrochemical performance. In this context, we report the electrochemical properties of the illustrative example of three different (Li2Fe)SO materials with a focus on separating cationic from anionic effects. With the high-voltage anionic process, an astonishing electrochemical capacity of around 400 mAh g–1can initially be reached. Our results however identify the anionic process as the cause of poor cycling stability and demonstrate that the fading reported in previous literature is avoided by restricting to only the cationic processes. Following this path, our (Li2Fe)SO-BM500 shows strongly improved performance as indicated by constant electrochemical cycling over 100 cycles at a capacity of around 175 mAh g–1at 1 C. Our approach also allows us to investigate the electrochemical performance of the bare antiperovskite phase excluding extrinsic activity from initial or cycling-induced impurity phases. Our results underscore that synthesis conditions are a critical determinant of electrochemical performance in lithium-rich antiperovskites, especially with regard to the amount of electrochemical secondary phases, while the particle size has not been found to be a crucial parameter. Overall, separating and understanding the effects of the cationic from the anionic redox activity in lithium-rich antiperovskites provides the route to further improve their performance in electrochemical energy storage.

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a second tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) versus a non‐TNFi biologic following discontinuation of a TNFi for patients with polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). Using the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry, patients with pJIA who started receiving a second biologic following a first TNFi were identified. Patients were required to have no active uveitis on the index date and a visit six months after the index date. Outcome measures included Clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score with a maximum of 10 active joints (cJADAS10), cJADAS10 inactive disease (ID; ≤2.5) and cJADAS10 minimal disease activity (MiDA; ≤5). Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using propensity score quintiles to compare outcomes at six months following second biologic initiation. There were 216 patients included, 84% initially received etanercept, and most patients stopped receiving it because of its ineffectiveness (74%). A total of 183 (85%) started receiving a second TNFi, and 33 (15%) started receiving a non‐TNFi. Adalimumab was the most common second biologic received (71% overall, 84% of second TNFi), and tocilizumab was the most common non‐TNFi second biologic received (9% overall, 58% of non‐TNFi). There was no difference between receiving TNFi versus non‐TNFi in cJADAS10 ID (29% vs 25%; aOR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–3.20) or at least MiDA (43% vs 39%; aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.47–2.62) at six months. Most patients with pJIA started receiving TNFi rather than non‐TNFi as their second biologic, and there were no differences in disease activity at six months.