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Kannauj is an historic city in northern India, which is known since antiquity for producing high quality natural ittar (natural perfume). This study explores the notion that perfume is a product of science and standardised production and marketing practices, whereas ittar is a natural product derived from traditional knowledge and craft production processes passed on through generations. The study highlights the ‘deg-bhapka’ technique of ittar production, explores the lifeworlds of the artisans, their perception of the art, discusses the main ittar varieties, and explores the role of social and cultural capital in preserving the legacy over generations. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were used for data collection. Finally, the study examines the contemporary challenges and bottlenecks in this heritage industry and the incongruency of the art of ittar-making to the nuances of the capitalist economy. The possibilities for evolving and marketing ittar as a ‘green’, ‘organic’ and ‘indigenous’ product of traditional art and contemporary aesthetic standards are explored.

In this paper, we consider Caristi type mappings in the setting of 1-M-complete fuzzy metric-like spaces. We establish some fixed point theorems for such mappings and prove the fuzzy metric-like versions of Caristi theorem, Ekeland’s variational principle and Takahashi’s maximization theorem. Further, we show that these three types of results are equivalent in fuzzy metric-like spaces. Examples are presented which illustrate the new concepts and results. Some consequences of our main results are given which show the extensive nature of our results.

In 2017, Parvaneh et al. (J Math Anal 8(1):183–201, 2017) further extended rectangular metric space by introduced partial rectangular b-metric space and utilized the same to prove some fixed point results. Almost at the same time, Roshan et al. (Nonlinear Anal Model Control 21(5):614–634, 2016) generalized Geraghty fixed point results by proving some fixed point results in b-rectangular metric space. In this paper, we prove some ordered-theoretic fixed point results for Geraghty-weak contraction in ordered partial rectangular b-metric space. Our results extend and improve many existing results in literature. We also furnish an example which exhibits the utility of our results.

Present study deals with the treatment of highly polluted dibrominated wastewater (DWW) using electrocoagulation process. The study methodology utilized 2L batch reactor with four parallel aluminum (Al) electrodes with varying electrode gaps, current density and pH. The results show optimum value of 1.5cm for electrode gap, 50 Amp/m2forcurrent density and pH 9. For these optimal valus, the removal efficiencies emerged as: 34.09% for COD, 29.80% for TDS, 56.17% for color and 20% for turbidity. At pH 9, the maximum total metal loss (TML) was 1.77g/L, while the highest power consumption was 2.4Wh/L at pH 3. While pH 3 exhibited the most efficient settling rate, pH 9 resulted in maximum residue and foam weight of 8.42g/L. Further, electrodes and residue were characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR techniques. Investigation given detail information about applicapability of EC process to treat DWW. Results demonstrated that EC process is well applicable to treat DWW.

A sensitive, accurate and precise method was developed and validated for the trace level determination of 75As, 111Cd, 201Hg, and 208Pb in Cephalopods using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The selectivity and linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery study, repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility, Horwitz ratio (HORRAT), measurement uncertainty and fitness of purpose of the method were determined. The LOD for 75As, 111Cd, 201Hg, and 208Pb were found to be 14.68, 12.70, 5.13, and 2.74 µg/kg respectively whereas, the LOQ obtained were 48.94, 42.33, 17.11 and 9.13 µg/kg respectively. The relative standard deviation for the repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility for all determined trace elements were below 3 and 16%, respectively. The HORRATr and HORRATRvalues of repeatability and reproducibility were lower than 2. Furthermore, the recovery values of the spiked samples ranged from 81.79 to 101.67%. These results complied with the performance criteria established by Council Regulation (EC) 333/2007 and the clause 5.4.5.2, ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Therefore, the procedure is implemented for the routine analysis to determine trace level quantification of 75As, 111Cd, 201Hg, and 208Pb in Cephalopods.

Building on recent ideas of Jachymski, we work on the notion of graphical metric space and prove an analogous result for the contraction mapping principle. In particular, the triangular inequality is replaced by a weaker one, which is satisfied by only those points which are situated on some path included in the graphical structure associated with the space. Some consequences, examples and an application to integral equations are presented to confirm the significance and unifying power of obtained generalizations.

Motivated by the recent work of Liu and Xu, we prove a generalized Banach fixed point theorem for the setting of cone rectangular Banach algebra valued metric spaces without assuming the normality of the underlying cone. Our work generalizes some recent results into cone rectangular Banach algebra valued metric spaces. An example to illustrate the main result is also presented.

In this paper, we compare relation between n-tuple fixed point results and fixed point theorems in abstract metric spaces and metric-like spaces. Actually, we show that the results of n-tuple fixed point can be obtained from fixed point theorems and conversely. Thus, some recent results about both fixed points and n-tuple fixed points are equivalent against the claims of some authors.

In this paper, we consider some fuzzy cyclic contractions and prove the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of operators belong to a class consisting fuzzy cyclic operators defined on a subset of a fuzzy metric space. We also furnish some illustrative examples to support our main results.

In this paper, we generalize the Banach contraction principle by proving common fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying Prešić type conditions in 2-Banach spaces. The common fixed point is approximated by the $$k$$ k -Picard type and $$k$$ k -Mann type iteration schemes in product spaces. The results in this paper extend the results of Prešić in the framework of a 2-Banach space. An example is provided which illustrate the results.

The purpose of this paper is to establish some coincidence and common fixed point theorems for a set-valued and a single-valued mapping satisfying Prešić–Reich type contraction conditions in metric spaces. Our results generalize and extend some known results in metric spaces. An example is included which illustrate the results.

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the fixed point results for F-type contractions which satisfies a weaker condition than the monotonicity of self-mapping of a partially ordered metric-like space. A fixed point result for F-expansive mapping is also proved. Therefore, several well known results are generalized. Some examples are included which illustrate the results.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of 0-σ-complete metric-like space and prove some common fixed point theorems in such spaces. Our results unify and generalize several well-known results in the literature and the recent result of Amini-Harandi [Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2012:204, 2012]. Some examples are included which show that the generalization is proper.

We introduce some generalizations of Prešić type contractions and establish some fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying Prešić-Hardy-Rogers type contractive conditions in metric spaces. Our results generalize and extend several known results in metric spaces. Some examples are included which illustrate the cases when new results can be applied while old ones cannot.

We prove some common fixed point theorems for F-contractions in 0-complete partial metric spaces. Our results extend, generalize, and unify several known results in the literature. Some examples are included which show that the generalization is proper.