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Laboratory model test results are presented for the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip foundation supported by a saturated clay layer reinforced by layers of geogrid. The tests were conducted in one type of clay. The average moisture content of the clay was varied, yielding varying undrained shear strengths. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the critical nondimensional values for the depth and width of the geogrid reinforcement layers and also the location of the first layer of geogrid with respect to the bottom of the foundation to obtain the maximum possible bearing capacity ratio.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit hyper-inflammatory responses characterized by excessive activation of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, and a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Accumulating evidence also indicates that hyperinflammation is a driving factor for severe progression of the disease, which has prompted the development of anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Corticosteroids, IL-6R inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors have demonstrated promising results in treating patients with severe disease. In addition, diverse forms of exosomes that exert anti-inflammatory functions have been tested experimentally for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we briefly describe the immunological mechanisms of the hyper-inflammatory responses in patients with severe COVID-19. We also summarize current anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of severe COVID-19 and novel exosome-based therapeutics that are in experimental stages. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(1): 11-19].