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A new extension of the exponential distribution, proposed by Nadarajah and Haghighi (Statistics 45, 543–558 (2011)), is an alternative to the gamma, Weibull and generalized-exponential models, it is also known as NH distribution. The maximum likelihood and Bayes inferential approaches for estimating the unknown two-parameters and some lifetime parameters such as survival and hazard rate functions of the NH distribution in presence of progressive first-failure censored sampling are considered. Based on observed Fisher’s information matrix, the approximate confidence intervals for the two-parameters, and any function of them, are constructed. Using Lindley’s approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods under the assumption of conjugate gamma priors, the Bayes estimates and associate highest posterior density credible intervals for the unknown parameters and reliability characteristics are developed based on squared error loss function. Although the proposed estimators cannot be expressed in explicit forms, these can be easily obtained through the use of appropriate numerical techniques. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of proposed methods. Using different optimality criteria, an optimal censoring scheme has been suggested. Finally, a real data set is analyzed for illustration purposes.

Reaction of 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (1) with phthalimide, quinazolinedione, thiophenole and 4-pyridinethiole led to the formation of the hydrogen-bonded salts, imidazolium phthalimide (2), imidazolium quinazolinedione (3), imidazolium thiophenolate (4) and imidazolium 4-pyridinethiolate (5), respectively, in good yield. In crystals of 2, the anion is linked to the imidazolium cation by a C–H···O hydrogen bond, while in 3and 5C–H···N hydrogen bonds are observed. In 4, the imidazolium ion is linked to the anion by C–H···S hydrogen bonds. In compounds 2, 3and 5, the interionic hydrogen bonds are close to linearity, while the interionic hydrogen bond angle in 4is 148.5(9)°.

In this review we discuss several recent concepts regarding retinoblastoma control and its impact. In a cohort of 482 patients with solitary unilateral retinoblastoma revealed germline mutation in 16% and the likelihood of germline retinoblastoma was greater for younger children (≤1 year versus (vs.) >1 year at presentation) with odds ratio (OR) 2.96 (p= 0.001), and greatest for the youngest infants (≤3 months vs. >3–12 months) (OR 5.52) (p= 0.002). Retinocytoma/retinoma, a benign variant of retinoblastoma, was studied in 78 tumours and demonstrated transformation into retinoblastoma in 9.2% by 5 years and 15.3% by 10 years and 20 years. An international global study on retinoblastoma over 1.5 years revealed 4351 new patients and 85% from low- and middle-income countries, notably with older age at detection and greater risk for metastasis. Management of retinoblastoma in 964 eyes using intravenous chemotherapy showed 20-year globe salvage at 96% in group A, 90% in group B, 90% in group C, 68% in group D, and 32% in group E eyes. The 5-year globe salvage with intra-arterial chemotherapy for 160 eyes (655 infusions) with retinoblastoma showed success in 100% for group B, 80% for group C, 78% for group D, and 55% for group E. The psychological impact of retinoblastoma on the parents revealed depression (73%), anxiety (64%), and/or stress (100%), and on the patient revealed deficits in quality of life issues. Retinoblastoma is a challenging disease and chemotherapy provides reliable tumour control and globe salvage. Continuing efforts to improve quality of life issues is important.

Purpose: Postoperative hydrophilic intraocular lens opacification can lead to decreased vision and may require intraocular lens exchange. This study aims to identify the incidence of scleral-fixated Akreos AO60’s (Bausch + Lomb) lens opacification and risk factors for this phenomenon.Methods: This is a retrospective case series of all patients who underwent scleral-fixated Akreos AO60 lens at our institution between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. The following data were recorded: age, sex, medical history, indication for Akreos AO60 implantation, laterality, ocular history, previous ocular surgical procedures, subsequent intraocular surgical procedures after the Akreos implantation, lens opacification, visual significance of opacification, and Akreos explantation. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Main outcome measures were the overall incidence of Akreos lens opacification as well as the incidence of these eyes undergoing subsequent intraocular surgery.Results: A total of 262 eyes of 257 patients underwent Akreos lens implantation. Overall, 2% (5 of 262) developed lens opacification. Two patients had Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) concurrently with Akreos implantation. One patient underwent subsequent Baerveldt glaucoma implantation and DSAEK. The fourth patient had vitrectomy with sulfur hexafluoride gas followed by DSAEK. This represents a 25% (4 of 16) opacification rate among all patients who underwent DSAEK (P≤ .01, Fisher exact test). One patient developed opacification after undergoing 2 vitrectomies for retinal detachment in the absence of DSAEK.Conclusions: Akreos lens opacification can be visually significant and may occur after a retinal or corneal procedure that involves the use of intraocular gas or air.

Reduction in grain size of bcc based structure steel is still highly concerned in the cold rolled sheet to attain superior mechanical properties. As long as, the reduction of weight is much considered in the structure purposes, the strength/weight ratio of steel is highly demanded. In this study, an innovative technique was applied to attain ferrite grain size with hundreds of nanometer, in tandem with preserving the mechanical properties. In this approach, the micro-alloyed low carbon steel resulted from the thermomechanical process was followed by subcritical annealing regime prior to the first critical transformation temperature. To identify the effect of a micro-alloying element as vanadium, and the effect of subcritical annealing regime on the low carbon steel, two low carbon steel was subjected to studying in this research. The results refer that applying a subcritical annealing regime for the micro-alloyed low carbon steel after hot compression at intercritical annealing temperature can lead for attaining hundreds of nanometer ferrite grain size, which has a powerful effect on promoting the strength of the steel to exceed 1200 Mpa, in one hand with preserving the formability up to 20% as uniform elongation. Unexpectedly, the fine grain size obtained after the innovative technique promotes the impact toughness at room temperature, which is attributed to the fineness and the spheroid morphology of the secondary phase in conjugation with bcc ferrite structure.

Abstract Objectives--As part of a consultancy project on occupational health, the Delphi method was used to identify research priorities in occupational health in Malaysia. Methods--Participation was sought from government ministries, [...]

THE AUTHOR Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani is chairman of the Centre for Global Energy Studies, London. Before founding CGES in 1990, he was Saudi Arabia's minister of petroleum and mineral [...]

•Reaction between Fe and O2was studied in the 1050–3400 K temperature range.•ICAS monitors Fe oxidation directly by detecting FeO.•Oscillator strengths of 41 spectral transitions of FeO are reported.•Distinct temperature regimes of Fe oxidation by O2are demonstrated.

Cerebrovascular occlusive disease with secondary proliferative angiogenesis can be idiopathic as a standalone disease state, known as moyamoya disease, or it may develop secondary to different disease entities, such as chronic hemoglobinopathies, in which case it is known as moyamoya syndrome. Although moyamoya syndrome has been well described with sickle cell anemia, its association with other hemoglobinopathies is rarely reported. We describe a 16-year-old girl with ß-thalassemia intermedia who presented with recurrent headaches and focal seizures non-responsive to medical treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse intrasulcal bright signal intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and leptomeningeal enhancement previously termed the “ivy sign“, and her magnetic resonance angiography was consistent with bilateral moyamoya disease. The literature describing and explaining the pathogenesis of the “ivy sign” and its relationship to moyamoya disease was reviewed.

In this study analogues of compounds based on pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine were synthesized. 1,3-dimethyl-5- (thiomethyl)-2,4,7-trioxo-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid 3 and 1,3-dimethyl-5- (thiomethyl)-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-trione 4 were obtained by the treatment of Triethylammonium 5- [(2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ylidene)(thiomethyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-trionate 1 with methyl sulfonic acid and pyridine, respectively. 5,5-dianilino-1,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine- 2,4,7(1H,3H)-trione 6 was obtained after oxidizing compound 4 to produce 1,3-dimethyl-5-(methylsulfinyl)-2Hpyrano[ 2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-trione 5 , then the sulfoxide group on compound 5 was replaced by aniline group.

The ability of the pyridinium adduct of 1,3-dimethyl-5-methylenebarbituric acid (2) to undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction has been examined. Various types of nucleophiles, including cyanide, barbiturate, sulfide anions and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane substitute the pyridinium fragment in 2 leading to synthesis of new organic derivatives.

The article offers information on the future of the Emiratis. It discusses the advanced levels of medical procedures to fight Coronavirus and won the praise of many international organizations as well as a clear solidarity between citizens and residents and wise leadership, all of which culminated in the launch of Hope Probe, mars space mission; and mentions that the Coronavirus crisis showed the precious essence of homeland, the land of accomplishments, love, goodness.

The article reflects on the Spirit of the Union during the Coronavirus Crisis. Topics discussed include The Emirati response to the novel coronavirus disease pandemic has showed what modern infrastructure that our country possesses can do in times of a crisis; and while education institutions were closed in many countries around the world, schools and universities in the UAE have continued to teach their students through distance learning.

The article offers information on the importance of unity and hope to defeat coronavirus in United Arab Emirates. Topics discussed include highest level of readiness in hospitals to control and eliminate the coronavirus; standing behind the leadership of beloved country in single-hearted unity; and best of the values of human cooperation, helping one another.

The article announces the 50th anniversary of United Arab Emirates (UAE) to provide everything associated with goodness, peace, love and respect for human dignity.

Hydrogen Bonds with Cyanide Ions? The Structures of 1,3‐Diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazolium Cyanide and 1‐Isopropyl‐3,4,5‐trimethylimidazolium Cyanide

Structural engineering analysis tools have been used to improve the understanding of the biomechanical behaviour of the cornea. The research is a multi-disciplinary collaboration between structural engineers, mathematical and numerical analysts, ophthalmologists and clinicians. Mathematical shell analysis and nonlinear finite-element modelling have been used in conjunction with laboratory experiments to study the behaviour of the cornea under different loading states and to provide improved predictions of the mechanical response to disease and injury. The initial study involved laboratory tests and mathematical back analysis to determine the corneal material properties and topography. These data were then used to facilitate the construction of accurate finite-element models that are able to reliably trace the performance of cornea upon exposure to disease, injury or elevated intra-ocular pressure. The models are being adapted to study the response to keratoconus (a disease causing loss of corneal tissue) and to tonometry procedures, which are used to measure the intra-ocular pressure. This paper introduces these efforts as examples of the application of structural engineering analysis tools and shows their potential in the field of corneal biomechanics.

Das 1,3‐Dithietan {MelS}2(8) wird durch Umsetzung der Meldrumsäure MelH2(1, Mel = C6H6O4) und Schwefeldichlorid in guter Ausbeute erhalten. 8reagiert mit den Nukleophilen PPh3und 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐yliden (12, Im)zu den zwitterionischen Verbindungen Mel‐S‐PPh3(11) und Mel‐S‐Im (13).Mit wäss. Ammoniak wird das dianionische Disulfid (NH4)2[Mel‐S‐S‐Mel] (14) erhalten. Die Kristalllstrukturen von 8, 11, und 14werden diskutiert.

Diisopropylidene ethylenetetracarboxylate, Meldrum’s olefin (4, Mel2) has been prepared from [HNEt3][(Mel)2CSMe] (8) and Meldrum’s acid (1, MelH2) in moderate yield. The X-ray analysis of 4 reveals a centrosymmetrical structure in which the two six-membered rings are folded along their carboxylate carbon axes by 34.9°) and linked by a conventional C-C double bond [1.3501(19) Å ]. The “unsymmetrical” structure of 8 is also discussed.

The Imidazolium salts [ImH][MelBr] (7) and [ImBr][MelBr] (8) have been obtained from the carbene Im (5) and the Meldrum’s acid derivatives MelHBr (3) and MelBr2 (4). The crystal structure analyses of 7 and 8 reveal the presence of ion pairs linked by short OH (7: 2.163 Å ) and OBr (8: 2.872 Å ) contacts.

The zwitterionic compounds Im‐E‐Mel [9, E = S (a), Se (b), Te (c), Im = 2‐{1, 3‐diisopropyl‐4, 5‐dimethylimidazolium}, Mel = 5‐{2, 2‐dimethyl‐4, 6‐dioxo‐1, 3‐dioxan‐5‐ylide}] are obtained from the corresponding 2‐chalcogeno‐1, 3‐diisopropyl‐4, 5‐dimethylimidazolines 8and 5‐bromo‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐4, 6‐dioxo‐1, 3‐dioxan (7) in the presence of triethylamine in excellent yields. The crystal structures of the thermally stable compounds reveal most effective charge separations from which the compounds 9resemble closely to diaryl chalkogenides. 9band 9care the first selenocarbonyl and tellurocarbonyl ylides reported, to our knowledge.

The ylides Ph3E‐C6H6O4[3; E = As (a), Sb (b), Bi (c)] have been prepared through the reaction of Ph3E and 5‐bromo‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐4, 6‐dioxo‐1, 3‐dioxin (4) followed by addition of triethylamine in good yields. The crystal structures of 3are reported.

2-Amino-1,3-dimethylimidazolium 2,2-dimethyl- 4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxanide (6) has been obtained from the reaction of 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3- dioxan (1, “Meldrum’s acid”) and 2-imino-1,3-dimethylimidazoline (5) in excellent yield. The unit cell of 6 contains two crystallographically independent anions lying on crystallographic mirror planes. The structure of the anion is compared with that of compound 1.

2-Bromo-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxine (3) reacts with pyridine and aqueous potassium carbonate to give 1-{2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(1-pyridinio)-1,3-dioxan-5-yl}pyridinium ylide (5). The crystal structure analysis confirms the betaine nature of 5 consisting of two distored ring fragments [interplanar angle 58.0(4)°] connected by a C-N single bond [1.440(1) Å ].

It is almost impossible to produce a barrel vault assembly with complete precision. With the hundreds of members and joints these structures typically contain, assuming precise manufacturing throughout is unrealistic. It is, therefore, inevitable that some of these components will have some geometric imperfections, primarily in the form of member lack of fit and joint misplacement. This paper presents a study on the effects of geometric imperfections on single-layer barrel vaults. Imperfections are considered in different vault zones in order to identify the critical areas in which imperfection is most damaging. The conclusions of this study could be beneficial to barrel vault design and construction.

Single-layer barrel vaults are simple structural formations made up of a network of longitudinal, transverse and bracing members in a single layer with curvature in one direction. The configuration of the vault, or in other words the way in which the members are positioned and connected, has a major effect on the vault?s structural performance, aesthetics and cost. The study presented in this paper is intended to help designers of single-layer barrel vaults by identifying the significant differences between vaults with different configurations, and consequently determining which configuration(s) would be best in different conditions of use. The study presented is parametric and covers a wide range of several important parameters including the vault aspect ratio, boundary conditions, span/rise ratio and configuration. Through consideration of these parameters, the study presents an assessment of the effect of the vault configuration on the overall strength, strength/weight ratio, stiffness/weight ratio, overall ductility and sensitivity to local damage.

Single-layer barrel vaults with one radius of curvature may be fabricated with several common grid configurations. With different configurations, the vault' s performance and aesthetics vary considerably affecting both its competitiveness and suitability for different applications. The study presented in this paper is an assessment of the most commonly adopted vault configurations and their effect on the vault stiffness/weight value, member stress distribution, number, length and weight of members, degree of statical redundancy, resistance to failure mechanisms, reliance on joint rigidity and cost. The study is parametric and covers wide variations of the vault aspect ratio, span/rise ratio and boundary conditions. The results of this study should be of significant value to the design of future barrel vault structures.

Braced domes may be fabricated in any of several common grid configurations. With different configurations, the dome performance varies considerably affecting both its competitiveness and suitability for specific applications. The study presented in this paper is an assessment of the most commonly adopted dome configurations and their effect on the dome characteristics such as the stiffness/weight value, member stress distribution, number of joints and members, degree of redundancy and cost. The study is parametric and covers wide variations of dome span/rise ratio and boundary conditions. The results of this study could be of significant value to the design of future braced dome structures.

The last decade saw the emergence of a new type of space truss built with continuous chord members. Earlier studies on these trusses confirmed that besides the cost savings resulting from their simple jointing methods, their behaviour is sound and ductile. The present study investigates the possibility of using either a concrete slab or top timber boards acting compositely with the top chord, to improve the behaviour of these trusses. New techniques are developed to allow the easy and inexpensive attachment of both types of top continuum. With these techniques, a high level of shear interaction can be developed, leading to significant improvements in behaviour. The paper also introduces an analytical study based on the finite element method for the analysis of space trusses with continuous chords, both in the composite and non-composite states.

For decades, space trusses have been designed using approximate numerical methods that are based on simplified truss layouts. Although these methods still rely on using computers, their demand on computer time and resources is considerably less than that associated with full finite element analyses.However, as the last decade has seen a revolutionary advance in computer technology, full F.E. analyses are no longer time consuming or expensive, and as a consequence, the old approximate analysis methods have become almost obsolete.Now the need has shifted towards methods that are quick and easy to use, and yet accurate enough for preliminary designs and as a check on F.E. analysis results. In practice, a suitable method is adopted for a first choice of member sizes, then the results obtained are fed into a cycle or more of F.E. analysis and redesign until a final design is reached. Following a discussion on the required characteristics of modem approximate methods of space truss analysis, two examples of these methods are presented and assessed in this paper.

The work presented in this paper is intended to improve our understanding of how critical the web members are to the integrity of space trusses. The points covered include the internal force distribution in the web members both in the composite and non-composite states, and the implications on web member design. Also included is the effect of web member damage and geometric imperfections on overall space truss performance. Further, the consequences of slightly reducing the size of web members, which could be a viable option in some practical designs, are considered. Throughout the paper, the effects of different influences in web members are compared with the corresponding effects in chord members in order to relate the work done herein to earlier work found in the literature. The findings of this research could be of considerable importance to future practical space truss designs.

Uneven support settlements are a liability for every structure. However, as space trusses typically span large areas on few outer supports, they are more likely to encounter some uneven settlements. This paper presents an assessment of the sensitivity of space trusses to settlements in various situations with different aspect ratios and supporting conditions, and under different types and magnitudes of uneven support settlement. Additionally, the effect of composite action between a top concrete slab and a steel truss on truss sensitivity to uneven settlements is assessed. The work is carried out on twelve non-composite and composite square-on-square space trusses.

Since double layer space trusses have typically a large number of redundant members, it is frequently assumed that they are quite safe as the loss of one or more members can be accommodated without any noticeable effect on truss overall behaviour. The present study shows that every truss includes a number of critical members, the loss of any of which would cause force distributions that could lead to an overall premature collapse. The sensitivity of space trusses to member loss is clearly identified. The composite action between a top concrete slab and a space truss is also introduced as a means to control truss sensitivity to member loss. Factors that affect this sensitivity such as the truss supporting conditions are also investigated.

Space trusses typically contain a large number of members, and possess a high degree of statical indeterminacy. However, a number of members have been identified as critical to truss integrity, with the loss of any of them likely to produce serious strength reductions. Furthermore, when these members are lost suddenly, e.g. due to the failure of a faulty connection or the buckling of a slender member, their forces are shed into the structure in a dynamic manner, leading to yet more severe damage. This paper presents a numerical study on the sensitivity of space trusses to both gradual and sudden member losses. The effect of composite action between a top concrete slab and a space truss in reducing this sensitivity is assessed. Other factors that are also considered in this work include the truss aspect ratio and supporting condition.

The article offers information on development of United Arab Emirates by the Vice President and Prime Minister of UAE, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Topics include focuses on launch of AI Talent Hunt Program to strengthen UAE position as leading countries in promoting role of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in future; and considered firm pillars as scientific technological development and ethical values based on religion, history and ability to interact with time.

Exposing male rabbits to a temperature of 110° F. at a relative humidity of 30 to 40 percent for one hour did not affect the motility of spermatozoa in most cases. Fertility tests were made in six different trials, each including semen from one heat-treated rabbit and from one control. The treated rabbits exhibited no decrease in percentage of spermatozoa showing forward movement for one month after treatment. The effect of heating on the ratio of fertilized to unfertilized ova in test females was significant with some recovery by 21 to 30 days after treatment. It is concluded that increased ambient temperature may affect male fertility without bringing about any apparent depression of sperm motility.

A study was made, in 1953 and 1954, of the effect of feed level on the reproductive capacity of yearling ewes. Ewes (short-yearlings) were divided at random into two groups; one group was fed on roughage-plus-grain, and the other was fed on roughage-only beginning in January of both years. The feeding regimen was continued until the time of slaughter in the fall. Half of the ewes on each feed level was slaughtered 3 days post-coitum, and the other half at 40 days post-coitum (except some ewes that showed a second heat after breeding and were rebred and killed 3 days later). The study includes observations on ovulation rate, fertilization rate, normality of the ova as well as measurements and weights of structures and organs of the reproductive tract, and weights of embryos, embryonic membranes and fluids.The results were as follows:Ewes on the high level of feeding had significantly higher ovulation rate, larger follicles, and higher number of follicles 2 mm. or more in diameter.Fertilization rate was higher, though not significantly so, for the ewes on the higher level of feeding.The embryonic survival rate was lower in the ewes on the higher level of feeding. The difference in embryonic survival rate between the two groups of ewes was highly significant in 1954. Also there was a significant interaction between year and level of feeding on embryo survival.Ewes on the higher level of feeding had significantly larger uteri (slaughtered 3 days post-coitum).The weight of the 40-day pregnant horn of ewes (cotyledons trimmed off) was significantly affected by feed level. Also the non-pregnant horns of ewes fed on grain-plus-roughage were significantly larger than for ewes fed on roughage-only.Level of feeding did not have a significant effect on weight of cotyledons in the pregnant uterine horn, but a significant interaction between feed level and size of litter on the weight of cotyledons was shown in 1953.Feed level had no significant effect on crown-rump length of 40-day embryos, weight of embryos, amnion weight, amnionic fluid weight, chorionic fluid weight, and size of amnionic vesicle. There was a significant effect for feed level on weight of chorion.Comparing the pregnant horns only, it was shown that ewes which had twin embryos (each in separate horn) had significantly larger and heavier horns (cotyledons removed) than pregnant horns of ewes having single embryos.Crown-rump length of embryos, weight of embryos, weight of amnions, weight of chorions, weight of amnionic fluid, and size of amnionic vesicle were greater for singles than for twins under both levels of feeding, but differences only in chorion weight and in size of amnionic vesicle were statistically significant.Migration from one uterine horn to the other occurred for at least 12 percent of the embryos.One case of suspected identical twins was observed.

Motility and fertility variations of rabbit spermatozoa were induced by experimentally altering pH and osmotic pressure. Four different buffer systems (mono- and disodium phosphate, mono- and dipotassium phosphate, sodium citrate and citric acid and potassium citrate and citric acid) have been used as sperm diluents. The first study was designed to determine for each buffer system the optimum molality and pH for motility as well as hypertonic and hypotonic concentrations, and pH values which would support some motility but at a low level. In the second experiment these particular variations in pH and molality were studied to determine their effects on the relation between motility and fertility. The differences in fertility in the experimental diluents from the fertility in the control diluents per unit difference in motility were found to differ significantly from one experimental diluent to another.These results showed that motility in vitroand fertility are phenomena which may or may not be affected similarly by an environmental factor.

The article focuses on the effort taken by United Arab Emirates in providing quality education in schools and universities. It mentions about the launching of Masrasa electronic-learning platform by Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, which provides videos in science, math, biology, chemistry and physics to students from kindergarten to grade 12 students; and the educational fund for the Emirati School Model.

The article offers information on the race of United Arab Emirates in the race of technology. Topics discussed include government work based on artificial intelligence to enhance the abilities of individuals; importance of developing infrastructure that absorbs technology; and Industrial Revolution in the fields of biotechnology, nanotechnology, digitization and artificial intelligence.

The ylides Ph3E-C6H6N2O3 (7, E = P (a), As (b), Sb (c)) have been prepared through the reaction of Ph3E and 5- bromo-1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione (5-bromo-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid) 6 in the presence of triethylamine. Their characterisation was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis.

{Bis(methylthio)methylene}-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3- dioxane (7) reacts with cis-1,2-diamino-1,2-dicyanoethene to give 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-{2-(4,5-dicyano)} imidazolio-1,3-dioxan-5-yl-imidazolium ylide (8) as a stable crystalline solid in good yield. The crystal structure of 8 × C3H6OS is discussed.

The article offers information on the tremendous growth of the social media in Pakistan and its importance to companies.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The article discusses the strengthening trade and economic relations between India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The exchange of cultures between the two countries is described including the establishment of Islamic schools in the UAE. Historically, the two countries have formed trade partnership as many of the Indian traders have chosen the UAE as location for their businesses. In spite of the global financial crisis, the UAE continues to strive harder in improving its economic strategies and plans in accordance with international requirements.