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To date, the use of corannulene has been restricted in the area of material science, but its application in biomedical research has yet to be established due to its nonsolubility in an aqueous environment and synthetic infeasibility. Herein, we detail the development of a new family of highly curved π-conjugated corannulene-containing unnatural α-amino acid (CAA) derivatives to overcome this challenge. These CAAs have been extended as novel constituents for the synthesis of corannulene-containing water-soluble cationic peptides (CCPs), which display inhibitory activity against broad-spectrum pathogenic bacteria along with drug-resistant bacteria via a membrane-damaging mechanism. Importantly, several of the synthesized peptides were found to be appreciably nonhemolytic against hRBCs and noncytotoxic against mammalian 3T3 cells. In vivoefficacy studies of the potent and least cytotoxic peptide 6ademonstrated clearance of bacteria from the spleen, liver, lung, and blood of mice infected with S. aureusATCC 25923.

In India, the private sector provides 70% of the total outpatient medical care. This study describes the Mumbai Hypertension Project, which aimed to deliver a standard hypertension management package in private sector clinics situated in urban slums. The project was conducted in two wards (one “lean” and one “intensive”) with 82 private providers in each. All hypertensive patients received free drug vouchers, baseline serum creatinine, adherence support, self-management counseling and follow-up calls. In the intensive-ward, project supported hub agents facilitated uptake of services. A total of 13,184 hypertensive patients were registered from January 2019 to February 2020. Baseline blood pressure (BP) control rates were higher in the intensive-ward (30%) compared with the lean-ward (13%). During the 14-month project period, 6752 (51%) patients followed-up, with participants in the intensive-ward more likely to follow-up (aOR: 2.31; p< 0.001). By project end, the 3–6-month cohort control rate changed little from baseline—29% for intensive ward and 14% for lean ward. Among those who followed up, proportion with controlled BP increased 13 percentage points in the intensive ward and 16 percentage points in the lean ward; median time to BP control was 97 days in the intensive-ward and 153 days in lean-ward (p< 0.001). Despite multiple quality-improvement interventions in Mumbai private sector clinics, loss to follow-up remained high, and BP control rates only improved in patients who followed up; but did not improve overall. Only with new systems to organize and incentivize patient follow-up will the Indian private sector contribute to achieving national hypertension control goals.

Despite effective prevention methods, malaria is a devastating, persistent infection caused by protozoal parasites that result in nearly half a million fatalities annually. Any progress made thus far in the eradication of the disease is jeopardized by the expansion of malaria parasites that have evolved to become resistant to a wide range of drugs, including first-line therapy. To surmount this significant obstacle, it is necessary to develop newly synthesized drugs with multiple modes of action that may have a novel target in various stages of Plasmodiumparasite development and this is made possible by the hybridization concept. Hybridization is the combination of at least two diverse pharmacophore units with some linkers bringing about a single molecule with a diverse mode of action. It intensifies a drug's physiological and chemical characteristics, such as absorption, cellular target contact, metabolism, excretion, distribution, and toxicity. This review article outlines the currently published most potent hybrid drugs against the Plasmodiumspecies.

Background: Metabolic pathways perturbations lead to skeletal muscular atrophy in the cachexia and sarcopenia due to increased catabolism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the catabolic pathways that impair the muscle integrity and function. Hence, this review primarily concentrates on the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Objective: This review will discuss the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles during muscle wasting conditions. Moreover, the coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines and their regulated molecular signaling pathways which increase the protein degradation will be discussed. Results: During normal conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines are required to balance anabolism and catabolism and to maintain normal myogenesis process. However, during muscle wasting their enhanced expression leads to marked destructive metabolism in the skeletal muscles. Proinflammatory cytokines primarily exert their effects by increasing the expression of calpains and E3 ligases as well as of Nf-κB, required for protein breakdown and local inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines also locally suppress the IGF-1and insulin functions, hence increase the FoxO activation and decrease the Akt function, the central point of carbohydrates lipid and protein metabolism. Conclusion: Current advancements have revealed that the muscle mass loss during skeletal muscular atrophy is multifactorial. Despite great efforts, not even a single FDA approved drug is available in the market. It indicates the well-organized coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines that need to be further understood and explored.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) enables physical environment tracking and creation of timely action based on sensor data. The primary goal of this type of network is to extend the network's life by employing energy-efficient connectivity methods. Cooperation between sensor nodes and agents, on the other hand, must occur within the shortest possible delay. This paper proposes a clustering protocol for establishing an automated framework for the organization of a WSN network. We investigate the security issues in MANETs and propose a few promising research directions. To prevent external attacks from outsiders, various key and trust management schemes have been developed, and novel secure MANET routing protocols have been proposed to prevent internal attacks from within the MANET system. On the intrusion detection front, a new intrusion detection framework designed specifically for MANET has been investigated. To address security concerns in MANET, both prevention and detection methods have been utilized. The proposed clustering protocol employs a hierarchical, scalable energy optimization-based network model. Because sensor node battery resources are limited and the detection cycle of physics is short, designing energy-efficient network life routing protocols is one of the most important wireless sensor network strategies. In summary, this paper thus proposes an energy-efficient heterogeneous clustering approach.

Carbonation is one of the significant durability properties of cement mortar. Conventional mortar is generally made up of cement and sand, but blended mortar is formed by partial substitution of cement with certain pozzolanic materials. Consumption of industrial-by-products in developing of mortar is a footstep towards economic and sustainable construction and it also results in probable reduction of excessive carbon footprint and simultaneously deals with major environmental problems i.e., safe disposal of industrial by-products, reduction of pollution by dropping the amount of Portland Cement (PC) and lowering the exploitation of natural resources. The studies investigating carbonation resistance of mortar blended with industrial-by-products are uncommon till date. The current literature reviews the carbonation resistance of blended mortar made with incorporation of various industrial by-products (namely- silica fume-SF, fly ash-FA, ground granulated blast furnace slag-GGBS, coal bottom ash-CBA etc.). Out of all industrial by-products blended mortars containing SF exhibit highest carbonation resistance followed by FA, GGBS and CBA. The carbonation depth has been decreased up-to the range of 10% with the incorporation of various industrial mortars. Based on the existing trends, the current area requires more devotion as significant number of investigations has favoured the use of aforesaid by-products as partial replacement of PC in refining carbonation resistance.

Dried and powdered apple pomace was passed through 30, 50and 60 mesh sieves to get pomace of varying particle size. Blends wereprepared by mixing 5, 10 and 15 percent pomace from each of the threeprticle sizes with wheat flour. The blends were evaluated for cake. Batterviscosity increased with increasing pomace level and decreasing particle size. Specific gravity and pH of the batter decreased with increasing pomacelevels. Cake weight, shrinkage and uniformity index increased withincreasing pomace levels, whereas, cake volume and symmetry indexshowed a reverse trend.