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Mit der Verbundfertigteil‐Bauweise wurde ein Verfahren zur wirtschaftlichen Herstellung von Verbunddeckbrücken kleiner und mittlerer Stützweiten von 20 bis 100 m mit durchgehender Ortbetonplatte entwickelt. Es eröffnen sich Möglichkeiten für neue statische Systeme und kurze, effiziente Herstellungszeiten. Die Erstellung des Überbaus stört den unterführten Verkehr nur für wenige Minuten während des Verlegevorgangs des Verbundfertigteilträgers.

Im Verbundbrückenbau konkurrierte in den letzten Jahren erfolgreich mit den Massivbauweisen die Verbundfertigteil‐Bauweise. Durch den günstigen Einsatz der Baustoffe Stahl und Beton innerhalb des Querschnitts und einer baustellengerechten Konstruktion paßt sich die Bauweise in das entsprechende Umfeld optimal ein. Den Baubeteiligten und Nutzern der VFT‐Bauwerke eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten in Hinblick auf Schlankheit, Spannweite, Bauzeit, Verkehrsbeeinträchtigung und Gestaltung. Im Beitrag werden Ablauf, Konstruktion und Berechnung dieser Bauweise erläutert und mit ausgeführtn Beispielen näher beleuchtet.

Im Beitrag wird ein neues Konzept im Verbundbau vorgestellt ‐ wirtschaftlich und konstruktiv, aber auch gestalterisch anspruchsvoll. Die Konzeption und Durchführung einer Talbrücke in der VFT‐Bauweise wird von den beteiligten Partnern auf Vorteile und Problempunkte beleuchtet. Massenauszüge, Ablaufbeschreibungen und Konstruktionsdetails geben einen Einblick in die Erfahrungen beim Bau der Oberhartmannsreuther Talbrücke.

We describe the MRI and CT findings of hyperplastic callus formation simulating a tumour of pelvis in patient with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. Possible differential diagnoses and the impact of different imaging techniques on the correct diagnosis are discussed.

Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur (including femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanteric region) were compared with the Singh index grading in 40 normal subjects (20 male, 20 female) and in 116 patients (18 male, 98 female) referred for assessment of possible osteoporosis. Additionally, the BMD and the Singh index of 12 cadaver specimens (6 male, 6 female) of the proximal femur were compared with each other and with the histomorphology of the femoral necks of the specimens. Although there was a good correlation of Singh index with BMD in the group of male patients with suspected osteoporosis and in the series of bone specimens, there was a poor correlation in the group of female patients as well as in the normal controls and in the patient population as a whole. There was also poor correlation of Singh index values with histomorphologic data, whereas the BMD measurements correlated well with the amount of calcified bone found histologically in the femoral necks of the bone specimens. We conclude that the Singh index cannot be used to predict BMD of the proximal femur accurately.

Polychlor-biphenyle (PCB) lassen sich mit LiAlH4 in Dodecan zum Biphenyl hydrodechlorieren. Das Biphenyl kann nach Hochdruckflüssig-Chromatographie (Säule: Merck Hibar, Si60, 7 µm, Bodenzahl 5000, Länge 25 cm, Elutionsmittel: n-Heptan) mit UV-Detektion bei 248 nm bestimmt werden. Für die Derivatisierungsreaktion wurden bei Mengen von absolut 0,1–20 µg PCB (Clophen A 30 oder A 60) Ausbeuten besser als 90% bestimmt. Die Nachweisgrenze für Derivatisierung, Trennung und Bestimmung liegt bei 100 µg PCB absolut. Unter Berücksichtigung eines möglichen Aufgabevolumens von 100 µl wird in der Gesamtheit die Nachweisstärke der Perchlorierung der PCB zum Decachlorbiphenyl erreicht.

The ultrasonographic (US) appearance of Achilles tendon was examined in 34 patients with hypercholesterolemia (10 with familial (FH), and 24 with secondary hypercholesterolemia (SH)), and in 22 patients with normal tendons. US findings were compared with clinical, laboratory, and radiologic results. In patients with FH, typical xanthomas in the form of hyperechoic tendinal tumors were found in only 15% while various forms of inhomogeneity of tendon structure without xanthoma formation were found in 75%. The high rate of tendon inhomogeneity may be due to the concomitant occurrence of both xanthomas and degeneration of tendon fibers. Physical examination revealed abnormalities in 60% of these patients. At CT of the tendons, abnormalities were found in 65% of the FH patients and in 40%, abnormalities were shown by plain radiography. In SH, the results did not differ significantly from normal controls. In our opinion US should be used to prove or rule out Achilles tendon abnormalities in patients with FH for prophylaxis and treatment of tendinitis and tendon rupture.

Ohne Zusammenfassung:

Assays based on reporter gene technology represent today an important tool in the pharmaceutical industry for discovering novel compound classes interfering with the activation and signaling of target cells after stimulation. Here we describe a reporter gene assay targeting mast cell activation by IgE plus antigen, established in an attempt to identify substances preventing type I allergy (allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, and acute and chronic urticaria). The assay is based on a murine mast cell line designated CPII, stimulation by IgE plus antigen, and a reporter gene construct with the TNFα promoter linked to luciferase as a read-out system. Via screening about 50 000 substances, compound 2 was found to inhibit the reporter gene induction in the submicromolar range in this assay. Analogues of compound 2 of the 2,3,4-trihydropyrimidino[2,1-a]isoquinoline type were synthesized starting from 2-alkyl-substituted benzonitriles via aminolysis with 1,3-diaminopropane, dimetalation of 2-substituted 2-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines with n- and sec-butyllithium, reaction with carboxylic acid methyl esters, and finally acidic dehydration. From about 50 derivatives, compound 41 was selected as a lead structure with an IC50 of 0.2 μM and a TC50 of 2.7 μM. In a first profiling in secondary assays, it effectively interfered with the production of mediators such as TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and leukotriene synthesis as measured by the corresponding ELISAs. In addition, a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice (a typical type I reaction) is inhibited to more than 90% by compound 41, when administered intradermally 90 min before challenge.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate degenerative factors in a postmenopausal patient group and differentiate the influence on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The patients and methods included an investigation of 144 postmenopausal women (mean 63.3 years) with PA-DXA of the spine. Degenerative factors (osteophytes, osteochondrosis, scoliosis, and vascular calcification) were evaluated from plain lumbar radiographs, their estimated probability was analyzed as a function of age, and their influence on BMD measured by PA-DXA was determined. The results of the study revealed osteophytes in 45.8%, vascular calcifications in 24.3%, scoliosis in 22.2%, osteochondrosis in 21.5%. The estimated probability for degenerative factors increased from 35 to 80% in the 55- to 70- year age group. Osteophytes and osteochondrosis were associated with up to a 14% increase in BMD values (P< 0.001). Vascular calcifications showed a positive trend, whereas scoliosis did not show a discernible influence. We concluded that degenerative factors, except for scoliosis, showed an influence on BMD as measured by DXA. Their prevalence increased rapidly between 55 and 70 years of age. Interpretation of PA-DXA spine data for subjects of or above this age range should be complemented by plain film radiographs.

Naftifine, a new antimycotic drug of the allylamine class, is a potent inhibitor of ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans. Treated cells showed a dose-dependent drop in ergosterol content; the level was reduced by 60% at concentrations of greater than 50 mg/liter, causing total inhibition of growth. This inhibition coincided with a heavy accumulation of the sterol precursor squalene. Radiolabeling experiments showed that the inhibition of sterol synthesis was complete within 10 min of exposure of cells to the compound. Control cells incorporated [14C]acetate into nonsaponifiable lipids composed primarily of ergosterol, whereas naftifine-treated cells accumulated only labeled squalene. When the drug was removed by washing cells thoroughly in 1% Tween 80, the accumulated squalene was further metabolized to ergosterol. A similar pattern of inhibition was observed in sterol biosynthesis from [14C]mevalonate in a cell-free system. At 50 mg/liter, naftifine gave greater than 99% inhibition of sterol biosynthesis both in whole cells and in cell extracts of C. albicans. The primary action of naftifine appears to be the blocking of fungal squalene epoxidation.

On the basis of theoretical and economic considerations a medium-pressure liquid chromatography system for preparative separations was developed. The choice of stationary phases with an average particle size of about 50 μm allows a dry column packing technique and makes possible short separation times with low pressure drop. The columns can therefore be constructed of glass. Their design is very simple, the end fitting is uniform for all column sizes. A special column head ensures optimum solvent distribution which enables the use of large diameter columns without loss in performance. Measurements under analytical conditions confirmed HETP's less than 300 μm for all column sizes.

Summary: A HPLC system, using a strong cation exchanger and isocratic elution, was developed for the separation of the main, components of gentamicin (C1, C1a, C2, C2a) and C2b (sagamicin) in less than 20 minutes. The detection was performed by post-column derivatisation with o-phthalaldehyde and a fluorescence detector. The detection limit was 10ng for gentamicin C1. Some commercial gentamicin samples were analyzed.