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In this paper, we present a new image thresholding algorithm based on fractional filter (FF). Our experiments showed that a good segmentation result corresponds to an optimal order of the filter. Then, we propose to use geometric moments to find the optimal order. The proposed algorithm, called FLM, allows including contextual information such as the global object shape and uses the properties of the two-dimensional fractional integration. The efficiency of FLM was illustrated by the comparison to other six competing methods recently published and it was tested on real-world problem.