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We have investigated the electronic structures of axially oxo functionalized titanylphthalocyanine (TiOPc) on Ag(111) by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies, two-photon photoemission, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Furthermore, we use complementary data of TiOPc on graphite and planar copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on Ag(111) for a comparative analysis. Both molecules adsorb on Ag(111) in a parallel orientation to the surface, for TiOPc with an oxygen-up configuration. The interaction of nitrogen and carbon atoms with the substrate is similar for both molecules, while the bonding of the titanium atom to Ag(111) in the monolayer is found to be slightly more pronounced than in the CuPc case. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy reveals an occupation of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level in monolayer thick TiOPc on Ag(111) related to the interaction of the molecules and the silver substrate. This molecule–metal interaction also causes an upward shift of the Ag(111) Shockley state that is transformed into an unoccupied interface state with energies of 0.23 and 0.33 eV for the TiOPc monolayer and bilayer, respectively, at the Brillouin zone center.

Presents several letters to the editor. Discussion about prehistoric archaeology; Comment on a discussion by Francis G. Allinson about literature and philology, previously published in the journal "The Nation"; Focus on the advocacy of the theory that prevailing usage is necessarily good usage;

Presents several letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Discussion on intellectual alliance between Italy and the U.S.; Comments on the teaching of Literature in colleges; Views on the translation of works of Friedrich Nietzsche.

Presents several letters to the editor. Interest of mankind towards Russo-Japanese war and abolition of war; Reference to the article "The Athletic Imbroglio at Brown," published in this issue of the periodical; Commercial view of education in the U.S.

Context.Quantitative spectroscopy of luminous BA-type supergiants offers a high potential for modern astrophysics. Detailed studies allow the evolution of massive stars, galactochemical evolution, and the cosmic distance scale to be constrained observationally.

Angle-resolved photoemission studies of c(2×2)MnCu/Cu(001) and pgg(4×2)Mn/Cu(001) prepared by in situ deposition of Mn on Cu(001) are reported. For the c(2×2) superstructure, the Mn 3d-derived band is found at 3.0 eV binding energy at the Γc(2×2)of the second surface Brillouin zone. An identical energy position is observed for the pgg(4×2) structure indicating the presence of the same high-spin ground state as in the c(2×2).

Carps, both sexes, 3 years old, weighing about 1 kg, and tenches of both sexes, 6 years old, weight about 250 g, were caught from a Thuringian lake without industrial pollution in November 1995 (fish without food uptake, water temperature at about 10°C) and kept for 2 weeks in basins with clean water and addition of 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/l phenobarbital-Na (PB). The concentration of PB was controlled during and at the end of the exposure period. The animals were fed pellets, but no food uptake was observed. After 24–48 h in fresh water the fish were sacrificed and the following hepatic parameters were immediately determined biochemically: monooxygenase functions: cytochrome P450 (P450) content, ethylmorphine N-demethylation (EN), ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation (ECOD), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4- methyl-coumarin O-debenzylation (BCDB); oxidase function indicators: microsomal Fe2+/NADPH dependent hydrogen peroxide formation (H202), microsomal Fe2+/NADPH dependent luminol and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence (LMCL, LCCL), microsomal Fe2+/NADPH dependent lipid peroxide formation (LPO); oxidative state: lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and GSH and GSSG. Additionally, the expression of three P450 isoforms, 1A1, 2B and 3A, was assessed immunohistochemically in tissue samples from brain, gill, heart, spleen, liver, gut and ovary of both fish species and in kidney of tenches.

This paper concerns the diagnosis and identification of faults that occur in system where signals can only be measured qualitatively. By using a stochastic automaton to represent the quantised system, the fault probabilities are determined. The diagnostic problem considered here does not only concern faults currently affecting the system but also the faults that occurred at any time in the past. Such faults can be detected only by evaluating past sequences of measurements and consideration of sequences of faults. An algorithm that solves this diagnostic problem is presented. The approach is illustrated by an example of a manufacturing cell.

Optical waveguides in LiNbO_3 crystals produced by Zn diffusion from the vapor phase have been characterized. Dark mode measurements have been used to determine the refractive-index profiles of the planar waveguides. The influence of the diffusion temperature and diffusion time on the waveguide depth and on the ordinary and extraordinary index changes has been investigated. The effect of the buffer pressure on the waveguide parameters has also been studied. Waveguide formation has been observed at temperatures as low as 550?°C, far from the Curie point and the Li out-diffusion temperature. Changes in refractive index higher than 2.5% have been obtained. The activation energy for the process was similar to that for diffusion of Zn from a ZnO source at a higher temperature. The results of the optical characterization are compared with those for the conventional Ti diffusion method, and some aspects of the diffusion process are discussed.

A method for logic-based process diagnosis is proposed that utilise the causal structure of the dynamic system unter consideration to restrict the search space of the resolution system. The basis for this is given by a qualitative model of the dynamical process, which is formulated in assertional logic formulae, as well as a causality graph, which describes the directions of the cause-effect relations. It is shown that the overall diagnosis problem can be decomposed into a series of subproblems such that the solution of the subproblems is necessary and sufficient for the solution of the overall problem. This decomposition reduces the search space considerably and makes the diagnosis algorithm applicable under real-time constraints.

1.Different preparations of humic acids, a pyrogallol oxydation product (PYROP) and resorcinol were administered to male and female rats with the drinking water for 8 to 14 weeks.2.By histometrical evaluation of the thyroid glands, an increase of the mean epithelial cell heigth of follicular epithelial cells was established in the 0.1% humic acid groups, 0.1% PYROP group and the 0.004% resorcinol groups. Females seemed to be more sensitive than males. Additionally, in some experiments, a decrease of the mean follicular diameter was found, which was the result of newly formed little follicles. The changes must be considered as a precursor of goitre.3.In one of the experiments, in which circulating thyroid hormones were investigated, the serum thyroxine level in the male 0.1% humic acid group and the free thyroxine index in the female 0.1% humic group were diminished as compared to the control groups.

A method for logic-based fault diagnosis is proposed that is based on a qualitative model of the dynamical system. The model has the form of a set of prdicate logic formulae. The diagnostic task is solved by a deduction algorithm that reasons from the observations backwards to the fauls that have caused the perturbations. Additional information about the causal structure of the dynamical system is utilised to restrict the search space of the deduction system.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über die Entstehung eines Plattenepithelcarcinoms auf dem Boden papillomatöser, leukoplakischer Veränderungen der Mund- und Zungenschleimhaut bei einem Fall von Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica berichtet. Trotz zahlreicher Probeexcisionen ließ sich das Carcinom erst post vitam feststellen. Es wird auf die Seltenheit der Carcinomentstehung bei der Epidermolysis bullosa hingewiesen.

Presents letters to the editor on various topics of interest published in previous issues of the journal. Suggestion that the statement with regard to the "spurious character of the so-called battle of Manilla," is hardly fair; Opinion that the social life of Oxford is varied enough to afford congenial society to every taste; Information that the year's commencement at Harvard was a day to cause grief to all the graduates who received learning there.

The O9V star HD 46202, which is a member of the young open cluster NGC 2244, was observed by the CoRoT satellite in October/November 2008 during a short run of 34 days. From the very high-precision light curve, we clearly detect βCep-like pulsation frequencies with amplitudes of ~0.1 mmag and below. A comparison with stellar models was performed using a χ2as a measure for the goodness-of-fit between the observed and theoretically computed frequencies. The physical parameters of our best-fitting models are compatible with the ones deduced spectroscopically. A core overshooting parameter αov= 0.10 ± 0.05 pressure scale height is required. None of the observed frequencies are theoretically excited with the input physics used in our study. More theoretical work is thus needed to overcome this shortcoming in how we understand the excitation mechanism of pulsation modes in such a massive star. A similar excitation problem has also been encountered for certain pulsation modes in βCep stars recently modelled asteroseismically.

I AM gratified to learn from Dr. Fermor's letter in NATURE for July 10 that there is a scientific possibility of conceiving how the interior of the earth may be devoid of radio-activity. But if “high pressure and temperature” can inhibit the dissociation of “potentially radio-active” substances, will they not do so also in the interior of the stars? If so, radio-activity will no longer be available to prolong their radiation of energy, and we shall be back in the old difficulty about the age of the sun. Indeed, it will be aggravated, because we now have positive evidence for a high antiquity of the earth, while still unable to explain that of the sun.