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Pesticides and heavy metals are considered as potent contaminants in aquatic environment. Both contaminants are sourced into the aquatic ecosystems by various types of anthropogenic as well as natural practices. Such types of aquatic contamination drastically affect the normal activity of associated living organisms particularly fish. Both the pesticides and heavy metals toxicity cause several negative effects on fish growth, physiology, immune response, reproduction, embryonic and larval development as well as different histopathology of major organs including fish gill, kidney, liver, gonads, and intestine. Besides, the consumption of contaminated fish poses a serious health concern to associated consumers. Considering these serious issues, the current review is designed to investigate the toxic effects of pesticides and heavy metals on different aspects of fishes along with their possible sources, major types, and mode of action as well as role of medicinal herbs to mitigate their toxicity.

The article examines four key areas affecting child well-being in Bangladesh: child marriage, violence against children, child education, and child health. The research for this article was conducted through fieldwork, including surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and expert consultations. Despite the prevailing perception that religion hinders progress, this article argues that social and economic factors play a more significant role as the primary drivers of children’s misfortunes. Nonetheless, Islamic values indirectly impact issues such as early marriage, co-education, physical punishment, and seeking gynecological services. The article emphasizes the need for further training of faith leaders to enable them to play nuanced roles in promoting children’s well-being on a larger scale in Bangladesh.

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the combined influence of varying concentration of waste steel fibre and fly ash on rheological and mechanical performance of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC). Cement was substituted partially by fly ash at concentration of 5%, 10% and 20% by weight basis and waste steel fibre was incorporated as 1.5% and 3% in volume basis of concrete. Rheological tests of concrete, including slump, density, compacting factor, K-slump, and Kelly ball penetration were evaluated for the fresh state. Mechanical performances of concrete, including compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength were determined at 7 and 28 days. Test results exhibited that fly ash enhanced the workability of all rheological tests; however, waste steel fibre reduced the workability and increased the density of fresh concrete. Substantial enhancement in compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength was found for fly ash and waste steel FRC mixes than the control one. The optimum results of mechanical performance were achieved for mixture with concentration of 10% fly ash and 3% waste steel fibre among all mixes. Adding waste steel fibre with fly ash in concrete provided more pronounced mechanical performance at higher fibre concentration along with the minimisation of disposal problems and environmental damages.

Lithium ion battery cell-level and sub-cell modelling have become almost synonymous with Newman’s Model. This paper sheds light on a specific part of the model — the liquid phase potential — clarifying its difference from the liquid phase potential found in the Butler-Volmer expression. Critically, we show that these two potentials should not be used interchangeably. In fact, we show that the concentration potential gradient differs by a factor of six in standard LiPF6electrolytes. This could affect the Butler-Volmer current density strongly, if the definitions of electrostatic liquid phase potential are inadvertently interchanged.