20 results on '"Sarvi, Shahabeddin"'
Search Results
2. Enhanced clindamycin delivery using chitosan-coated niosomes to prevent Toxoplasma gondiistrain VEG in pregnant mice: an experimental study
- Author
-
Sadeghi, Mitra, Hosseini, Seyed Abdollah, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Ebrahimnejad, Pedram, Asgaryan Omran, Hossein, Zare, Zohre, Gholami, Shirzad, Khalilian, Alireza, Ahmadi, Seyedeh Melika, Hajizadeh, Fatemeh, Tork, Mostafa, Daryani, Ahmad, and Aghayan, Sargis A.
- Abstract
Background: Congenital toxoplasmosis occurs when a pregnant woman becomes infected with Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) for the first time. Treatment typically involves antimicrobial medications, with spiramycin commonly used to prevent transmission. However, spiramycin's effectiveness is limited due to poor placental penetration. Clindamycin, another antibiotic, can cross the placenta but reaches the fetus at only half the maternal concentration. Encapsulating the drug in chitosan-coated niosomes (Cs-Nio) could enhance its effectiveness by targeting specific organs and ensuring sustained release. To address the challenges of using clindamycin, a niosome-coated chitosan system was investigated for treating congenital toxoplasmosis caused by the VEG strain of T. gondiiin an animal model. Methods: Pregnant mice were infected with VEG strain of T. gondiion the 12th day of pregnancy, followed by treatment with various drugs across six groups. The treatments included chitosan-coated niosomes loaded clindamycin (Cs-Nio-Cli) and other controls. Parasitological evaluations (microscopic examination and real-time PCR), along with histopathological and immunological assessments were conducted to assess treatment efficacy. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 and SPSS 26, comparing test and control groups with Ttest and Mann–Whitney test. A p≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study found that treatment with Cs-Nio-Cli significantly reduced the number of T. gondiicysts in the brain and eyes (97.59% and 92.68%, respectively) compared to the negative control group. It also mitigated inflammatory changes, prevented cell death, and reduced vascular cuffs in the brain. In addition, Cs-Nio-Cli treatment decreased bleeding, placental thrombosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the placenta while improving eye tissue health by reducing retinal folds and bleeds. Immunologically, nanoclindamycin treatment resulted in lower TNF-α cytokine levels and higher IL-10 levels, indicating an enhanced anti-inflammatory response. Conclusions: Although Cs-Nio-Cli demonstrates promise in reducing the transmission of congenital toxoplasmosis and mitigating the effects of congenital toxoplasmosis, additional research is necessary to determine the optimal treatment regimens for the complete eradication of the parasite in the fetus.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in bovines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Shariatzadeh, Seyyed Ali, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Hosseini, Seyed Abdollah, Sharif, Mehdi, Gholami, Shirzad, Pagheh, Abdol Sattar, Montazeri, Fattaneh, Nayeri, Tooran, Nakhaei, Maryam, Mikaeili Galeh, Tahereh, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Subjects
- *
TOXOPLASMA gondii , *SEROPREVALENCE , *YAK , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *BOS , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CATTLE - Abstract
Bovines, especially cattle, are considered as one of the main sources of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. A more comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of T. gondii is needed to provide a global perspective on the prevalence of T. gondii in bovines. Here, we present the results of the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the global T. gondii seroprevalence in bovines. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar) were comprehensively searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 1967 and 30 May 2019. Among 7691 publications searched, 178 studies (from 50 countries) with 193 datasets were included in the meta-analysis. The global pooled and weighted seroprevalence of T. gondii among bovines was 17.91% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.32–20.6]. Weighted prevalence based on the host was as follows: cattle 16.94% (95% CI: 14.25–19.81), buffalo 22.26% (95% CI: 16.8–29), yak 23% (95% CI: 14–33) and bison 8.1% (95% CI: 3.9–13.7). Continued monitoring on the status of T. gondii seroprevalence in bovines is essential. Study on the prevalence of T. gondii in the products of bovines such as milk, meat, etc., which are considered as the source of transmission of infection to humans, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Toxoplasma gondii in mollusks and cold-blooded animals: a systematic review.
- Author
-
Nayeri, Tooran, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Subjects
- *
COLD-blooded animals , *MARINE mammals , *TOXOPLASMA gondii , *MOLLUSKS , *CROSS-sectional method , *ENGLISH language - Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is known for its ability to infect warm-blooded vertebrates. Although T. gondii does not appear to parasitize cold-blooded animals, the occurrence of T. gondii infection in marine mammals raises concerns that cold-blooded animals (frogs, toad, turtles, crocodiles, snakes, and fish) and shellfish are potential sources of T. gondii. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in mollusks and cold-blooded animals worldwide. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 1 August 2020 for eligible papers in the English language and identified 26 articles that reported the prevalence of T. gondii in mollusks and cold-blooded animals. These articles were subsequently reviewed and data extracted using a standard form. In total, 26 studies [involving 9 cross-sectional studies including 2988 samples of cold-blooded animals (129 positive cases for T. gondii) and 18 cross-sectional studies entailing 13 447 samples of shellfish (692 positive cases for T. gondii)] were included in this study. Although this study showed that shellfish and cold-blooded animals could be potential sources of T. gondii for humans and other hosts that feed on them, further investigations are recommended to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in shellfish and cold-blooded animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The global status and genetic characterization of hydatidosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius): a systematic literature review with meta-analysis based on published papers.
- Author
-
Anvari, Davood, Pourmalek, Nima, Rezaei, Saeed, Fotovati, Amir, Hosseini, Seyed Abdollah, Daryani, Ahmad, Spotin, Adel, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Hosseini, Mona, Narouei, Mohammad Reza, Kalkali, Mohammad, Pendar, Faezeh, and Gholami, Shirzad
- Subjects
CAMELS ,ECHINOCOCCOSIS ,CAMEL diseases ,ZOONOSES - Abstract
Hydatidosis is a potential zoonotic helminthic disease affecting a broad spectrum of mammals, including humans, worldwide. The current review was conducted to investigate the genotypic status and prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world. For the purpose of the study, the articles addressing the worldwide prevalence of hydatidosis in camels were searched in several English language databases. The search process resulted in the inclusion of 122 papers. Based on the data presented in the reviewed articles, the pooled prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world was measured at 23.75% (95% CI 20.15–27.55). Moreover, the subgroup analysis demonstrated significant differences in the overall prevalence of hydatidosis among camels based on year, geographic area, climate parameters, camel population, gender, infected organ, fertility rate of the cyst and laboratory diagnostic technique. Furthermore, the Echinococcus granulosus genotypes identified in camels with hydatidosis included G1, G2, G3, G1–G3, G5, G6, G7, G6–G7 and G6–G10, with G6 being the most common genotype throughout the world. The data obtained from the current study are central to the better conceptualization of the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes around the world, which can be helpful in the planning and adoption of more comprehensive control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Toxoplasma gondiiinfection and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Nayeri, Tooran, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Hosseininejad, Zahra, Amouei, Afsaneh, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Abstract
ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), as an opportunistic neurotropic parasite of the Apicomplexa family, was firstly described in 1908. As attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents and often persists into adulthood, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between T. gondiiinfection and ADHD.The data were systematically collected from seven electronic databases up to May 1st2019 with no language restriction. This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; code: CRD42020149353). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a random effects model. Seven studies involving five cross-sectional and two case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis.Results indicated that there was a statistically non-significant association between exposure to T. gondiiinfection and increased risk of ADHD based on the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (2.02 [95% CI: 0.97-4.20]; I2=58.7%). However, obtained results of Egger’s tests for anti-T. gondiiIgG antibody showed publication bias (P=0.014).Sensitivity analysis revealed stable results for the association between anti-T. gondiiIgG antibody with ADHD.Given the small number of studies in this field and the obtained results, it cannot be conclusively stated that T. gondiiis a risk factor for ADHD.It is important to have reliable information about the relationship between T. gondiiand ADHD around the world; as it may lead to better insight to elucidate the possible association of toxoplasmosis and the pathogenesis of ADHD.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian HIV positive patients using multilocus nested-PCR-RFLP method.
- Author
-
Hosseini, Seyed Abdollah, Sharif, Mehdi, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Abediankenari, Saeid, Hashemi-Soteh, Mohammad Bagher, Amouei, Afsaneh, Montazeri, Mahboobeh, Aghayan, Sargis A., Gholami, Sara, Shaker, Davoud, Mizani, Azadeh, Shabanzadeh, Shafigheh, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Subjects
TOXOPLASMA gondii ,RESTRICTION fragment length polymorphisms ,HIV-positive persons ,DNA antibodies ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN G - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients using multilocus-nested polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP). A total of 102 serum samples obtained from infected patients were collected from the laboratory centres in northern Iran. Anti- T. gondii antibodies and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection were accomplished by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. The Mn-PCR-RFLP method was used for the genotyping of T. gondii. Overall, 68.6% (70/102) and 11.7% (12/102) of the individuals were tested positive for anti- T. gondii immunoglobulin G and T. gondii DNA, respectively. Complete genotyping was performed on 10/12 (83.3%) PCR-positive samples. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; n = 3, 30%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #27 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%), genotype #35 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%) and genotype #48 (type III variant; n = 1, 10%). The results were indicative of the high frequency of the type I and type I variant of T. gondii strains in HIV-positive patients in northern Iran. Given the high prevalence of T. gondii and frequency of pathogenic types (pathogen in laboratory mice) in the patients, special measures should be taken to prevent the possible increased incidence of encephalitis by T. gondii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Morphometric, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Taenia hydatigena (Pallas, 1766) larval stage in Iranian livestock.
- Author
-
Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Ebrahimi Behrestaghi, Laya, Alizadeh, Abbas, Abdollah Hosseini, Seyed, Gohardieh, Shaban, Bastani, Reza, Yazdani Charati, Jamshid, Daryani, Ahmad, Amouei, Afsaneh, Spotin, Adel, and Gholami, Shirzad
- Subjects
- *
TAPEWORMS , *TAENIA , *LIVESTOCK , *CYSTICERCOSIS , *NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS , *RIBOSOMAL RNA , *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
Cysticercus tenuicollis as metacestode of Taenia hydatigena is the most prevalent taeniid species in livestock. Eighty-eight C. tenuicollis samples were collected from sheep (n = 44) and goats (n = 44) of the northern Iran from 2015 to 2016. The isolated parasites were characterized by morphometric keys. The DNA of the larval stage was extracted, amplified and sequenced targeting mitochondrial 12S rRNA and Cox 1 markers. A significant difference in larval rostellar hook length was observed in 12S rRNA haplotypes. Analysis of molecular variance of 12S rRNA indicated a moderate genetic diversity in the C. tenuicollis isolates. The pairwise sequence distance of C. tenuicollis showed an intra-species diversity of 0.3–0.5% and identity of 99.5–100%. Using the 12S rRNA sequence data we found a moderate genetic difference (F st; 0.05421) in C. tenucollis isolates collected from livestock of the northern and southeastern regions of Iran. We concluded that the genetic variants of C. tenuicollis are being undoubtedly distributing mostly in different parts of Iran. Further studies with a larger number of T. hydatigena isolates collected from various intermediate and definitive hosts are needed to study this evolutionary assumption and also to determine the apparent genetic differences observed in the studied regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
Troeger, Christopher E, Blacker, Brigette F., Khalil, Ibrahim A., Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Albertson, Samuel B., Abate, Degu, Abdela, Jemal, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anjomshoa, Mina, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aremu, Olatunde, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Atique, Suleman, Attia, Engi F., Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Bedi, Neeraj, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Bennett, Derrick A., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Dhimal, Meghnath, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Edessa, Dumessa, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Fakhim, Hamed, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foreman, Kyle J., Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Geremew, Demeke, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Goulart, Alessandra C, Guo, Jingwen, Ha, Giang Hai, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamidi, Samer, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hoang, Chi Linh, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kahsay, Amaha, Karch, André, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D, Kochhar, Sonali, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Majdan, Marek, Mehta, Varshil, Melese, Addisu, Memish, Ziad A, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Milne, George J, Milosevic, Branko, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muhammed, Oumer Sada S, Murthy, Srinivas, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naheed, Aliya, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nixon, Molly R, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Patel, Shanti, Paudel, Deepak, Pigott, David M, Postma, Maarten J, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Ronfani, Luca, Rubino, Salvatore, Safari, Saeed, Safiri, Saeid, Saleem, Zikria, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Smith, David L, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soriano, Joan B, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vu, Giang Thu, Wada, Fiseha Wadilo, Waheed, Yasir, West, T. Eoin, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zaidi, Zoubida, Vos, Theo, Lim, Stephen S, Murray, Christopher J L, Mokdad, Ali H, Hay, Simon I., and Reiner, Robert C
- Abstract
Although the burden of influenza is often discussed in the context of historical pandemics and the threat of future pandemics, every year a substantial burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and other respiratory conditions (like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are attributable to seasonal influenza. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 is a systematic scientific effort to quantify the health loss associated with a comprehensive set of diseases and disabilities. In this Article, we focus on LRTIs that can be attributed to influenza.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Aboyans, Victor, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Alonso, Jordi, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Aminde, Leopold N, Amini, Erfan, Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Amit, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Biehl, Molly H, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjørge, Tone, Bleyer, Archie, Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J, Brant, Luisa C, Brayne, Carol, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Cirillo, Massimo, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Cross, Marita, Crump, John A, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, De Steur, Hans, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Dirac, M Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Echko, Michelle M, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Eggen, Anne Elise, Ehrlich, Joshua R, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal R F, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endalifer, Melese Linger, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia E sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Feigin, Valery L, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi D, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gall, Seana, Gallus, Silvano, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gardner, William M, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goldberg, Ellen M, Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorman, Taren M, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, John J, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Johnson, Catherine O, Jonas, Jost B, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Keighobadi, Masoud Masoud, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Lad, Deepesh P, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J, Langan, Sinéad M, Lansingh, Van C, Latifi, Arman, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Leasher, Janet L, Ledesma, Jorge R, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Looker, Katharine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Maghavani, Dhaval P, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manda, Ana-Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana Maria, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B, Massano, João, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonen, Tesfa, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I, Miller, Ted R, Mini, G K, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Mumford, John Everett, Murthy, G V S, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nam, Hae Sung, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nixon, Molly R, Nomura, Shuhei, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O, Nyasulu, Peter S, Odell, Christopher M, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L, Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pakpour, Amir H, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, James, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Pasdar, Yahya, Patel, Shanti, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rao, Puja C, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K Srinath, Reiner, Robert C, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Robinson, Stephen R, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokoohinia, Yalda, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, David L, Smith, Mari, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steiner, Timothy J, Stokes, Mark A, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Subart, Michelle L, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Hugh R, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Nihal, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Troeger, Christopher E, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Williams, Hywel C, Wilner, Lauren B, Wilson, Shadrach, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woolf, Anthony D, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zar, Heather J, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L
- Abstract
How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Abate, Degu, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me, Abyu, Gebre Y, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Albujeer, Ammar, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Almasi, Ali, Al-Maskari, Fatma, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Monika, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Barthelemy, Celine M, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Battista, Robert J, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhansali, Anil, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Biehl, Molly H, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bitew, Helen, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bjertness, Espen, Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Bukhman, Gene, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Callender, Charlton SKH, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Çavlin, Alanur, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Claßen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davis, Adrian C, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, Dayama, Anand, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, De Steur, Hans, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta Tilahun, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dicker, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Fanzo, Jessica, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Farzam, Hossein, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fekadu, Wubalem, Feldman, Rachel, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi D, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gansevoort, Ron T, Garcia, Ana Cristina, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gardner, William M, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebre, Teshome, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Bereket, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Getachew, Sefonias, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goldberg, Ellen M, Goli, Srinivas, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorman, Taren M, Goto, Atsushi, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max G, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander C, Guillemin, Francis, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Ha, Giang Hai, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Haile, Michael Tamene, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N, Hay, Simon I, He, Yihua, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Behzad, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn T, Híjar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Daniel J, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Hughes, Caitlyn, Huynh, Chantal K, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Izadi, Neda, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A, James, Spencer L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah C, Jonas, Jost B, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, K, Madhanraj, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kahssay, Molla, Kalani, Rizwan, Kapil, Umesh, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karanikolos, Marina, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kazi, Dhruv Satish, KC, Prakash, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khanna, Tripti, Khater, Mona M, Khatony, Alireza, Khazaeipour, Zahra, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kiarie, Helen W, Kibret, Getiye D, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimäki, Mika, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosek, Margaret N, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kudom, Andreas A, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael J, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lagat, Abraham K, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Anders O, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Lassi, Zohra S, Latifi, Arman, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Leasher, Janet L, Lebedev, Georgy, Ledesma, Jorge R, Lee, James B, Lee, Paul H, Leever, Andrew T, Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucchesi, Lydia R, Lyons, Ronan A, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Maghavani, Dhaval P, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mandarano-Filho, Luiz Garcia, Mangalam, Srikanth, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V, Martins, Sheila C O, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonen, Tesfa, Mekonnen, Tefera C Chane, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Milne, George J, Mini, G K, Minnig, Shawn P, Mirabi, Parvaneh, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B, Moazen, Babak, Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitra, Modhurima, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morisaki, Naho, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mountjoy-Venning, W Cliff, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada S, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C, Muller, Kate, Mumford, John Everett, Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, G V S, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nachega, Jean B, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naidoo, Kovin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nam, Hae Sung, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nawaz, Haseeb, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Anh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nixon, Molly R, Nolutshungu, Nomonde, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nyasulu, Peter S, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Kelechi E, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L, Ong, Sok King, Oommen, Anu Mary, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Oros, Andrei, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D V, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Justin R, Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pan, Wen-Harn, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R, Pearce, Neil, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petri, William A, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pletcher, Martin, Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A, Pyakurel, Manita, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quansah, Reginald, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Md Shafiur, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Razo-García, Christian, Reddy, K Srinath, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Kedir Teji, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammad Bagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Sharad Kumar, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shey, Muki Shehu, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirude, Shreya, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silva, Natacha Torres da, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Amanda E, Smith, Mari, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soljak, Michael, Soofi, Moslem, Soosaraei, Masoud, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spinelli, Angela, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Raghavendra Guru, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stewart, Leo G, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Straif, Kurt, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tamirat, Koku Sisay, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanser, Frank C, Tassew, Aberash Abay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tawye, Nega Yimer, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Teshome, Destaw Fetene, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Laura Anne, Thomas, Nihal, Thomson, Alan J, Thrift, Amanda G, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Tung Thanh, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Troeger, Christopher E, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tymeson, Hayley D, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varavikova, Elena, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollmer, Sebastian, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilner, Lauren B, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wu, Shouling, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Xu, Rixing, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yakob, Bereket, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zegeye, Desalegn Tegabu, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw, Zendehdel, Kazem, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Xueying, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesel Joanna J, Lim, Stephen S, and Murray, Christopher J L
- Abstract
Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
James, Spencer L, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Alouani, Mohamed M L, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Aminde, Leopold N, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arabloo, Jalal, Arauz, Antonio, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahroom, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Amit, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Ataro, Zerihun, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ballesteros, Katherine E, Ballew, Shoshana H, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Blacker, Brigette F, Blyth, Fiona M, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J, Brainin, Michael, Brant, Luisa C, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cano, Jorge, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Alex R, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Cross, Marita, Crump, John A, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Courten, Barbora, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Dirac, M Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Echko, Michelle Marie, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Ehrlich, Joshua R, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elkout, Hajer, Elyazar, Iqbal R F, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Fakhim, Hamed, Fallah Omrani, Vahid, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia E sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fox, Jack, Frank, Tahvi D, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Futran, Neal D, Gall, Seana, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gardner, William M, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghosh, Rakesh, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goldberg, Ellen M, Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorman, Taren M, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Grams, Morgan E, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoang, Huong Thanh, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Huynh, Chantal K, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, Ileanu, Bogdan, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Johnson, Catherine O, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Keighobadi, Masoud Masoud, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lad, Deepesh P, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van C, Latifi, Arman, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Leasher, Janet L, Ledesma, Jorge R, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Looker, Katharine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Low, Nicola, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C D, Lucchesi, Lydia R, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Maghavani, Dhaval P, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manda, Ana-Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Manhertz, Treh, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonen, Tesfa, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Meltzer, Michele, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I, Miller, Ted R, Miltz, Benjamin, Mini, G K, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitra, Modhurima, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mountjoy-Venning, W Cliff, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Mumford, John Everett, Murhekar, Manoj, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nagata, Chie, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nam, Hae Sung, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nixon, Molly R, Nolutshungu, Nomonde, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O, Nyasulu, Peter S, Odell, Christopher M, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Ong, Kanyin L, Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakpour, Amir H, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paulson, Katherine R, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V, Purcell, Caroline A, Purwar, Manorama B, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ram, Usha, Ranjan, Prabhat, Ranta, Anna, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K Srinath, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nickolas, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Robinson, Stephen R, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saleem, Komal, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sang, Yingying, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh N, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, David L, Smith, Mari, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Sobngwi, Eugène, Soneji, Samir S, Soofi, Moslem, Soosaraei, Masoud, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steiner, Timothy J, Stokes, Mark A, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Subart, Michelle L, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylte, Dillon O, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Hugh R, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Troeger, Christopher E, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Unutzer, Jurgen, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Waller, Stephen G, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilner, Lauren B, Wilson, Shadrach, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woolf, Anthony D, Wu, Shouling, Wu, Yun-Chun, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhang, Kai, Zhao, Zheng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher J L
- Abstract
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
Murray, Christopher J L, Callender, Charlton S K H, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Srinivasan, Vinay, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdoli, Nasrin, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy Maria Xavier, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi, Ali, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biswas, Tuhin, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bleyer, Archie, Basara, Berrak Bora, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Brewer, Jerry D, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Burstein, Roy, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Çavlin, Alanur, Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Comfort, Haley, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cromwell, Elizabeth, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cukelj, Petra, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Weaver, Nicole Davis, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta Tilahun, Deiparine, Selina, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dinsa, Girmaye Deye, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate A, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal Rf, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeili, Reza, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Fakhim, Hamed, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farinha, Carla Sofia E Sá, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fay, Kairsten A, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Feizy, Fariba, Fenny, Ama P, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Fischer, Florian, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fornari, Carla, Fürst, Thomas, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Fullman, Nancy, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia, Gregory M, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel Á, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebre, Teshome, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gething, Peter, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander C, Guo, Jingwen, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, He, Yihua, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hibstu, Desalegn T, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseini Chavoshi, Meimanat M, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Isehunwa, Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalu, Moti Tolera, James, Spencer L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kapil, Umesh, Karami, Manoochehr, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khang, Young-Ho, Khanna, Tripti, Khater, Mona M, Khatony, Alireza, Khazaeipour, Zahra, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kibret, Getiye D, Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kilgore, Paul Evan, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kivimäki, Mika, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosek, Margaret N, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael J, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J, Lanksy, Sonia, Lansingh, Van C, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Lassi, Zohra S, Latifi, Arman, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, James B, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mabika, Crispin Mabika, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Madotto, Fabiana, Mahmood, Tarek Abd Elaziz, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Marami, Dadi, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marina, Shakhnazarova, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McGrath, John J, Mehata, Suresh, Mehendale, Sanjay Madhav, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehrzadi, Saeed, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Mekonnen, Tefera C, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miangotar, Yode, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G K, Mirabi, Parvaneh, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Dl, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez, Julio Cesar, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Murphy, Tasha B, Murthy, G V S, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Paulami, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nawaz, Haseeb, Ncama, Busisiwe P, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nixon, Molly R, Nomura, Shuhei, Noroozi, Mehdi, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nyandwi, Alypio, Nyasulu, Peter S, Odell, Christopher M, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Sok King, Ortiz, Alberto, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron, Ota, Erika, Otieno, Brenda Achieng, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Achyut Raj, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, Pedroso, Marcel Moraes, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petri, William A, Petzold, Max, Pierce, Maxwell, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A, Purwar, Manorama B, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quansah, Reginald, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Md Shafiur, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Kedir Teji, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Saroshe, Satish, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schelonka, Kathryn, Schneider, Ione J C, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sliwa, Karen, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G, Stokes, Mark A, Strong, Mark, Subart, Michelle L, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Aberash Abay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taveira, Nuno, Tawye, Nega Yimer, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Nihal, Thomson, Alan J, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsegay, Amanuel, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzun, Selen Begüm, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wu, Shouling, Wyper, Grant M A, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Xueying, Zhao, Xiu-Ju, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Lopez, Alan D, and Lim, Stephen S
- Abstract
Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Admasie, Amha, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Anju, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Ali, Syed Mustafa, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antó, Josep M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Blacker, Brigette F, Bleyer, Archie, Borschmann, Rohan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Burnett, Richard T, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Causey, Kate, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charlson, Fiona J, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chee, Miao Li, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chew, Adrienne, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Owen R, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Cundiff, David K, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deveber, Gabrielle Aline, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L, Diro, Helen Derara, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal Rf, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia E sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fatima, Batool, Fay, Kairsten A, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Futran, Neal D, Gall, Seana, Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gardner, William M, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghosh, Rakesh, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Godwin, William W, Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Grams, Morgan E, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S, Haagsma, Juanita A, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N, Hay, Simon I, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn T, Higazi, Tarig B, Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, John J, Hussen, Mamusha Aman, Huynh, Chantal K, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jackson, Maria D, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kant, Surya, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Ísis Eloah, Madotto, Fabiana, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manda, Ana-Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V, Martins, Sheila C O, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Melaku, Yohannes A, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G K, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Neal, Bruce, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nichols, Emma, Nie, Jing, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nishi, Nobuo, Nixon, Molly R, Nojomi, Marzieh, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O, Nyasulu, Peter S, Obermeyer, Carla M, Odell, Christopher M, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L, Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pakpour, Amir H, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R, Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pischon, Tobias, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, Postma, Maarten J, Poulton, Richie, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A, Purwar, Manorama B, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K Srinath, Rehm, Colin D, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Rivera, Juan A, Roba, Kedir Teji, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Román, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Devashri Digvijay, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Sanders, Taren, Sang, Yingying, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serre, Marc L, Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shaddick, Gavin, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Shupler, Matthew S, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Smith, David L, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spinelli, Angela, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stevanovic, Goran, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Sturua, Lela, Subart, Michelle L, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Hannah J, Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomas, Nihal, Thurston, George D, Tilahun, Binyam, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tymeson, Hayley D, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Waller, Stephen G, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, J Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wong, Tien Yin, Wu, Shouling, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Kai, Zhou, Maigeng, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher J L
- Abstract
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
Roth, Gregory A, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adib, Mina G, Admasie, Amha, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Aminde, Leopold N, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Amit, Arora, Monika, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Bacha, Umar, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ballesteros, Katherine E, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Kajori, Bannick, Marlena S, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Biehl, Molly H, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Blacker, Brigette F, Basara, Berrak Bora, Borschmann, Rohan, Bosetti, Cristina, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Brady, Oliver J, Brant, Luisa C, Brayne, Carol, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Callender, Charlton S K H, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castle, Chris D, Castro, Clara, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowie, Benjamin C, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K, Gupta, Rajat Das, Neves, José Das, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davis, Adrian C, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta T, Deiparine, Selina, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem Betsu, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dicker, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L, Dirac, M Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donnelly, Christl A, Dorsey, E Ray, Doshi, Pratik P, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elkout, Hajer, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeili, Reza, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farinha, Carla Sofia E sá, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fornari, Carla, Frank, Tahvi D, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Futran, Neal D, Gallus, Silvano, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gardner, William M, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Bereket, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goldberg, Ellen M, Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorman, Taren M, Goto, Atsushi, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, He, Yihua, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Pouria, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoek, Hans W, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Husseini, Abdullatif, Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama, Hutfless, Susan, Idrisov, Bulat, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Nazrul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalu, Moti Tolera, James, Spencer L, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenkins, Kathy J, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah C, Jonas, Jost B, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kazi, Dhruv Satish, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kibret, Getiye D, Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael J, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lad, Deepesh P, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Jennifer O, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Heidi J, Latifi, Arman, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lebedev, Georgy, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lodha, Rakesh, Lonsdale, Chris, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, MacLachlan, Jennifer H, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Maghavani, Dhaval P, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mandarano-Filho, Luiz Garcia, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Marami, Dadi, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marczak, Laurie, Marks, Ashley, Marks, Guy B, Martinez, Gabriel, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B, Masci, Joseph R, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matzopoulos, Richard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Mekonnen, Tefera C, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G K, Mirabi, Parvaneh, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Mumford, John Everett, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nam, Hae Sung, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles R J, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R, Nolutshungu, Nomonde, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nyasulu, Peter S, Odell, Christopher M, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L, Ong, Sok King Sk, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Justin R, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Özdemir, Raziye, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pakpour, Amir H, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paulson, Katherine R, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Piel, Frédéric B, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pujar, Ashwini, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley, Quistberg, D Alex, Rade, Kirankumar Waman, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Razo-García, Christian, Reddy, K Srinath, Reiner, Robert C, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Kedir Teji, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Robinson, Stephen R, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Safari, Hosein, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Milicevic, Milena M Santric, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shrime, Mark G, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silva, Natacha Torres Da, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Sobngwi, Eugène, Soneji, Samir S, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G, Stokes, Mark A, Subart, Michelle L, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Suryakant, Troeger, Christopher E, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzun, Selen Begüm, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wilner, Lauren B, Wilson, Shadrach, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wu, Shouling, Wu, Yun-Chun, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Kai, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Naghavi, Mohsen, and Murray, Christopher J L
- Abstract
Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
-
Dicker, Daniel, Nguyen, Grant, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh brahim, Ahmed, Sayem, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Lari, Mohsen, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Attia, Engi F, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Awuah, Baffour, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatia, Eesh, Bhatt, Samir, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Bleyer, Archie, Basara, Berrak Bora, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brant, Luisa C, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Burke, Kristin E, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Callender, Charlton S K H, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Çavlin, Alanur, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Champs, Ana Paula, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A, Cucu, Alexandra, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Weaver, Nicole Davis, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, Dayama, Anand, Courten, Barbora de, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, De leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta T, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem Betsu, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate A, Donnelly, Christl A, Dorsey, E Ray, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Doyle, Kerrie E, Drake, Thomas M, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Elfaramawi, Mohammed, El-Khatib, Ziad, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal R F, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeili, Reza, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Feizy, Fariba, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Fischer, Florian, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Ford, John A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fornari, Carla, Frank, Tahvi D, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Futran, Neal D, Galan, Adriana, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gebre, Teshome, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gessner, Bradford D, Getachew, Sefonias, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gillum, Richard F, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gomez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, He, Yihua, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Pouria, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoek, Hans W, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Horino, Masako, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Husseini, Abdullatif, Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama, Hutfless, Susan, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Isehunwa, Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, K, Madhanraj, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kahssay, Molla, Kalani, Rizwan, Kapil, Umesh, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemeini, Hossein, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, K C, Prakash, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khanna, Tripti, Khater, Mona M, Khatony, Alireza, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kibret, Getiye D Dejenu, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Young-Eun, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimäki, Mika, Kleber, Marcus E, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosek, Margaret N, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kudom, Andreas A, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael J, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinéad M, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Heidi Jane, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Lassi, Zohra S, Latifi, Arman, Lavados, Pablo M, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lebedev, Georgy, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Li, Xiaohong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lonsdale, Chris, Lorch, Scott A, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Mabika, Crispin, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Maddison, Ralph, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Maghavani, Dhaval P, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Marami, Dadi, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marina, Shakhnazarova, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila C O, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Masiye, Felix, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehendale, Sanjay Madhav, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Mekonen, Tesfa, Mekonnen, Tefera Chane, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miangotar, Yode, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, G K, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moges, Nurilign Abebe, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C, Muller, Kate, Murhekar, Manoj, Murphy, Tasha B, Murthy, G V S, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nawaz, Haseeb, Ncama, Busisiwe P, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Michele, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nixon, Molly R, Nolutshungu, Nomonde, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O, Nyasulu, Peter S, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Sok King, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Achyut Raj, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Patle, Ajay, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pearce, Neil, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perez, Krystle M, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petri, William A, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance Dimity, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, V, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Ranta, Anna, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nickolas, Reis, Cesar, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Riojas, Horacio, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Kedir Teji, Robinson, Stephen R, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roshchin, Denis O, Rostami, Ali, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Soheil, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scaria, Vinod, Schaeffner, Elke, Schelonka, Kathryn, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheth, Kevin N, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Anju Pradhan, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sitas, Freddy, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Srivastava, Rakesh Kumar, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G, Stokes, Mark A, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Aberash Abay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tawye, Nega Yimer, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Laura Anne, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Suryakant, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzun, Selen Begüm, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagnew, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondemagegn, Sintayehu Ambachew, Wu, Shouling, Wyper, Grant M A, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Rajaram, Yakob, Bereket, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, York, Hunter W, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zachariah, Geevar, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafar, Shamsa, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Xueying, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna J, Lopez, Alan D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Murray, Christopher J L
- Abstract
Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Domestic and Migrating Birds from Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
- Author
-
Amouei, Afsaneh, Sharif, Mehdi, Hosseini, Seyed Abdollah, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Mizani, Azadeh, Salehi, Saeid, Gholami, Shirzad, Jafar-Ramaji, Tahereh, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is widely prevalent in most warm-blooded animals worldwide. This protozoan is transmitted to intermediate hosts through a variety of modes. Humans are mainly infected by eating undercooked or raw meat of birds or livestock and eating food or drinking water contaminated with oocysts. Our aim was to assess T. gondii antibodies in birds. Samples were collected from 335 free-range birds and 50 migrating birds from September 2014 to December 2015. T. gondii antibodies were assayed using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Seroprevalence were verified in 51.4% of 385 birds (MAT titer = 1:20 was seen in 51.3% and 52% of domestic and migrating birds, respectively). Statistically significant differences were not observed among species of birds. Free-range chickens of the central region showed a higher positive level than those of the other regions. However, the study results showed that more than half of the birds in this area are infected with T. gondii and therefore, could be considered as one of the most important hosts and a potential threat for consumers.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Iranian women and risk factors of the disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Mizani, Azadeh, Alipour, Abbas, Sharif, Mehdi, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Amouei, Afsaneh, Shokri, Azar, Rahimi, Mohammad-Taghi, Hosseini, Seyed, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular obligatory parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, and it has global distribution. The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iranian pregnant women, and girls and women of childbearing age, and identify potentially preventable risk factors. Between November 2014 and February 2017, nine electronic databases that reported data on the T. gondiiseroprevalence in Iranian women were searched. Our search resulted in 83 reports published from 1994 to 2017. The results showed that the pooled estimation for the prevalence of T. gondiiusing a random-effect model was 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 38–48%) in pregnant women and 33% (95% CI = 23–43%) in girls and the childbearing age groups. There was a significant association between the T. gondiiseroprevalence with age and the gestational age of conception in pregnant women and those who had contact with cats in both groups. This is the first comprehensive systematic review of T. gondiiinfection seroprevalence in Iranian women, which showed a high prevalence of Toxoplasmainfection. Around 57% of pregnant women and 67% of girls and the childbearing age groups were seronegative and thus were susceptible to infection and should be monitored.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Survey on synergism effect of ketotifen in combination with pyrimethamine in treatment of acute murine toxoplasmosis
- Author
-
Montazeri, Mahbobeh, Rezaei, Kian, Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad, Sharif, Mehdi, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Rahimi, Mohammad, Pagheh, Abdol, Mehrzadi, Saeed, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Abstract
Standard treatment of toxoplasmosis is accompanied by severe side effects and low tolerability; accordingly, alternative medicines are critically needed. Ketotifen (KET) as a cell membrane stabilizer could be an appropriate inhibitor of Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) parasite entrance into the host cells. Therefore, the focus of current study is characterization of the anti-Toxoplasmaactivity of KET in the acute phase of toxoplasmosis in murine model as pre-treatment and post-treatment (before and after infection with RH strain). KET was used intraperitoneally both individually (2 and 3 mg/kg/day) and in combination with pyrimethamine (PYR) (50 mg/kg/day). One week after the post infection, DNA was extracted from brain biopsies samples. Parasite load was calculated using Quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) in a triplicate reaction for each DNA with the target for at RE (a 529 bp repeat element) gene. A significant difference between KET and control groups was observed (P< 0.001) in the pre-treatment and post-treatment groups. Both KET and the combination of KET and PYR showed a reduction in the parasite load in brain through the acute phase of the infection. 2 mg/kg/day dose of KET resulted in higher anti-Toxoplasmaactivity (15,698 parasites/ml) compared to 3 mg/kg/day dose of KET (72,898 parasites/ml) in brain in the pre-treatment group. In addition, KET combined with PYR significantly decreased the parasite load in the post-treatment group. Our results indicated that KET has both prophylactic and therapeutic effects on acute phases of the disease.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Evaluation of Propranolol Effect on Experimental Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis Using Quantitative PCR
- Author
-
Montazeri, Mahbobeh, Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Ali, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Sharif, Mehdi, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, and Daryani, Ahmad
- Abstract
ABSTRACTCurrent therapies against toxoplasmosis are limited, and drugs have significant side effects and low efficacies. We evaluated the potential anti-Toxoplasmaactivity of propranolol at a dose of 2 or 3 mg/kg of body weight/day in vivoin the acute and chronic phases. Propranolol as a cell membrane-stabilizing agent is a suitable drug for inhibiting the entrance of Toxoplasma gondiitachyzoites into cells. The acute-phase assay was performed using propranolol, pyrimethamine, and propranolol plus pyrimethamine before (pretreatment) and after (posttreatment) intraperitoneal challenge with 1 × 103tachyzoites of the virulent T. gondiistrain RH in BALB/c mice. Also, in the chronic phase, treatment was performed 12 h before intraperitoneal challenge with 1 × 106tachyzoites of the virulent strain RH of T. gondiiin rats. One week (in the acute phase) and 2 months (in the chronic phase) after postinfection, tissues were isolated and DNA was extracted. Subsequently, parasite load was calculated using quantitative PCR (qPCR). In the acute phase, in both groups, significant anti-Toxoplasmaactivity was observed using propranolol (P< 0.001). Propranolol in the pretreatment group showed higher anti-Toxoplasmaactivity than propranolol in posttreatment in brain tissues, displaying therapeutic efficiency on toxoplasmosis. Also, propranolol combined with pyrimethamine reduced the parasite load as well as significantly increased survival of mice in the pretreatment group. In the chronic phase, anti-Toxoplasmaactivity and decreased parasite load in tissues were observed with propranolol. In conclusion, the presented results demonstrate that propranolol, as an orally available drug, is effective at low doses against acute and latent murine toxoplasmosis, and the efficiency of the drug is increased when it is used in combination therapy with pyrimethamine.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.