78 results on '"Sandberg M"'
Search Results
2. Photoreceptor rescue by an abbreviated human RPGRgene in a murine model of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa
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Pawlyk, B S, Bulgakov, O V, Sun, X, Adamian, M, Shu, X, Smith, A J, Berson, E L, Ali, R R, Khani, S, Wright, A F, Sandberg, M A, and Li, T
- Abstract
The X-linked RP3gene codes for the ciliary protein RPGR and accounts for over 10% of inherited retinal degenerations. The critical RPGR-ORF15splice variant contains a highly repetitive purine-rich linker region that renders it unstable and difficult to adapt for gene therapy. To test the hypothesis that the precise length of the linker region is not critical for function, we evaluated whether adeno-associated virus-mediated replacement gene therapy with a human ORF15variant containing in-frame shortening of the linker region could reconstitute RPGR function in vivo. We delivered human RPGR-ORF15replacement genes with deletion of most (314 codons, ‘short form’) or 1/3 (126 codons, ‘long form’) of the linker region to Rpgr nullmice. Human RPGR-ORF15expression was detected post treatment with both forms of ORF15transgenes. However, only the long form correctly localized to the connecting cilia and led to significant functional and morphological rescue of rods and cones. Thus the highly repetitive region of RPGR is functionally important but that moderate shortening of its length, which confers the advantage of added stability, preserves its function. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing replacement gene design in clinical trials for X-linked RP3.
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- 2016
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3. Computed Tomography for Indoor Applications
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Cehlin, M. and Sandberg, M.
- Abstract
AbstractThis paper deals with tomographic techniques for two-dimensional spatially resolved concentration measurements indoors. This represents a significant advance over the traditional point measuring method for mapping tracer gas and pollutants. Methods for recording of data are stressed as well as different types of tomographic reconstruction algorithms such as the Smooth Basis Function Minimization (SBFM) and the modified Low Third Derivative (LTDm) methods. Among the reconstruction algorithms available today, SBFM and LTDmare among the most promising. These algorithms show potential for reconstruction of gas concentration in rooms, since they are regularized to converge towards smooth concentration distributions. Using the LTD method and ‗snapshot‘ configuration enables the examination and real-time monitoring of transient flows.
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- 2006
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4. Air Movements through Horizontal Openings in Buildings - A Model Study
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Blomqvist, C. and Sandberg, M.
- Abstract
AbstractA building contains a number of large openings, such as doors and staircases. When the temperature of the spaces connected by these openings differs, the difference in density will cause air movements through them. Horizontal air movements through vertical openings in buildings, such as doors and windows are well investigated while studies of air movements through horizontal openings, such as stairwells are less frequent and therefore this work focuses on this case. This paper reports on an experimental study of the possibility of using buoyancy forces to distribute air and heat through horizontal openings. The experiments have been carried out in a scale model with water as the operating fluid. The result of the study shows that the flow rate through a horizontal opening is approximately half of the flow rate through a vertical opening for the same conditions, probably caused by the more complex flow pattern in the horizontal opening. A staircase below the horizontal opening will guide the flow somewhat and will cause a small increase of the fluid exchange through the opening.
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- 2004
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5. Effects of water-soluble cigarette smoke extracts upon the release of β-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 basophilic leukaemia cells in response to substance P, compound 48/80, concanavalin A and antigen stimulation
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Fowler, C.J., Sandberg, M., and Tiger, G.
- Abstract
Objective and design: To determine whether water-soluble constituents of cigarette smoke affect mast cell function using an in vitro model, RBL-2H3 basophilic leukaemia cells. Materials and methods: RBL-2H3 cells were induced to degranulate in response to compound 48/80 and substance P, as assessed by monitoring the release of the granular enzyme ß-hexosaminidase, by treatment for 7 days with 20 µM quercetin. Responses to concanavalin A and antigen were determined by measuring the ß-hexosaminidase release from cells cultured on fibronectin-coated plates. Results: The ß-hexosaminidase release response to compound 48/80 induced by quercetin treatment was accompanied by a release of lactate dehydrogenase, suggesting that degranulation is not the only process triggered by compound 48/80 under these conditions. Quercetin treatment reduced the ß-hexosaminidase release response to concanavalin A. Precoating of the culture wells with rat fibronectin enhanced the ß-hexosaminidase response to calcimycin, but not to concanavalin A. Under these conditions, concanavalin A did not induce a release of lactate dehydrogenase. The responses to c48/80, substance P, calcimycin, concanavalin A and antigen (after IgE pretreatment) were reduced by treatment with cigarette smoke solution obtained from standard and low-tar cigarettes (IR3 and IR5F). The effect of cigarette smoke solution from IR5F cigarettes upon the ß-hexosaminidase release elicited by compound 48/80 (in quercetin-treated cells) and by concanavalin A (in cells cultured on fibronectin-coated wells) could be prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, but not with either hemoglobin, a-tocopherol, catalase or palmitoylethanolamide. N-acetyl-L-cysteine also reduced the effect of cigarette smoke solution upon the degranulation response to antigen. Conclusion: Under the conditions used, oxidants present in cigarette smoke solution from IR5F cigarettes reduce the ability of RBL-2H3 cells to degranulate in response to both immunological and non-immunological stimuli.
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- 2003
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6. Buoyancy-induced air flow in photovoltaic facades
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Sandberg, M. and Moshfegh, B.
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- 2002
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7. Some examples of solution multiplicity in natural ventilation
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Li, Y., Delsante, A., Chen, Z., Sandberg, M., Andersen, A., Bjerre, M., and Heiselberg, P.
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- 2001
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8. Experimental investigation of the velocity field and airflow pattern generated by cooling ceiling beams
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Fredriksson, J., Sandberg, M., and Moshfegh, B.
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- 2001
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9. Occurrence and Characterization of Escherichia coli O157 Isolated from Cattle in Norway
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Vold, L., Sandberg, M., Jarp, J., and Wasteson, Y.
- Abstract
Faecal samples from 504 imported beef cattle were screened to investigate the occurrence of Escherichia coliO157. The results were compared with those from a previous screening of Norwegian dairy cattle, and the occurrence was found to be higher in the imported beef cattle. The E. coliO157 isolates from the previous and present studies were characterized for the genes encoding for shigatoxin 1 (stx1), shigatoxin 2 (stx2), the intimin protein (eae) and the flagellar protein H7 (fliC) using PCR analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with the restriction enzyme XbaI, and bacteriophage lambda RFLP analysis using the PvuII restriction enzyme. The isolates from the dairy and beef cattle could be distinguished by the profiles of the toxin genes and by PFGE patterns. Whether the importation of animals in itself should be regarded as a risk factor for the occurrence of E. coliO157, or whether other management factors contribute to the differences in carrier rates compared to the previous study on domestic cattle, is discussed.
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- 2001
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10. Identification and functional characterization of human soluble epoxide hydrolase genetic polymorphisms.
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Sandberg, M, Hassett, C, Adman, E T, Meijer, J, and Omiecinski, C J
- Abstract
Human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme directing the functional disposition of a variety of endogenous and xenobiotic-derived chemical epoxides, was characterized at the genomic level for interindividual variation capable of impacting function. RNA was isolated from 25 human liver samples and used to generate full-length copies of soluble epoxide hydrolase cDNA. The resulting cDNAs were polymerase chain reaction amplified, sequenced, and eight variant loci were identified. The coding region contained five silent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two variant loci resulting in altered protein sequence. An amino acid substitution was identified at residue 287 in exon 8, where the more common arginine was replaced by glutamine. A second variant locus was identified in exon 13 where an arginine residue was inserted following serine 402 resulting in the sequence, arginine 403-404, instead of the more common, arginine 403. This amino acid insertion was confirmed by analyzing genomic DNA from individuals harboring the polymorphic allele. Slot blot hybridization analyses of the liver samples indicated that sEH mRNA steady-state expression varied approximately 10-fold. Transient transfection experiments with CHO and COS-7 cells were used to demonstrate that the two new alleles possess catalytic activity using trans-stilbene oxide as a model substrate. Although the activity of the glutamine 287 variant was similar to the sEH wild type allele, proteins containing the arginine insertion exhibited strikingly lower activity. Allelic forms of human sEH, with markedly different enzymatic profiles, may have important physiological implications with respect to the disposition of epoxides formed from the oxidation of fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid-derived intermediates, as well in the regulation of toxicity due to xenobiotic epoxide exposures.
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- 2000
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11. Structure−Property Model for Membrane Partitioning of Oligopeptides
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Alifrangis, L. H., Christensen, I. T., Berglund, A., Sandberg, M., Hovgaard, L., and Frokjaer, S.
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a structure−property model for membrane partitioning of oligopeptides using statistical design methods and multivariate data analysis. A set of 20 tetrapeptides with optional N-methylations at residues 2 and 4 was designed by a D-optimal design procedure. After synthesis and purification, the membrane partitioning abilities of the peptides were tested in two chromatographic systems with phospholipids as the stationary phase: immobilized artificial membrane chromatography (IAM) and immobilized liposome chromatography (ILC). The relationship between these measures and three different sets of calculated descriptors was analyzed by partial least-squares projection to latent structures (PLS). The descriptors used were the molecular surface area, Molsurf parameters, and Volsurf parameters. All three models were of good statistical quality and supported that a large hydrogen-bonding potential and the presence of a negative charge impair membrane partitioning, whereas hydrophobic parameters promote partitioning. The findings are in accordance with what has been found for absorption of known drugs and have implications for the design of peptide-like drugs with good oral bioavailability.
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- 2000
12. Impairment of mitochondrial respiration after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in immature rats: relationship to activation of caspase-3 and neuronal injury
- Author
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Puka-Sundvall, M., Wallin, C., Gilland, E., Hallin, U., Wang, X., Sandberg, M., Karlsson, J. O., Blomgren, K., and Hagberg, H.
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- 2000
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13. Alterations in glutathione and amino acid concentrations after hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat brain
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Wallin, C., Puka-Sundvall, M., Hagberg, H., Weber, S. G., and Sandberg, M.
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- 2000
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14. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
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Melander, A., Olsson, J., Lindberg, G., Salzman, A., Howard, T., Stang, P., Lydick, E., Emslie-Smith, A., Boyle, D. I. R., Evans, J. M. M., Macdonald, T. M., Bain, J., Sullivan, F., Juhl, C., Pørksen, N., Sturis, J., Hollingdal, M., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J., Dejgaard, A., Schmitz, O., Kristensen, J. S., Frandsen, K. B., Bayer, Th., Müller, P., Dunning, B. E., Paladini, S., Gutierrez, C., Deacon, R., Valentin, M., Grunberger, G., Weston, W. M., Patwardhan, R., Rappaport, E. B., Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Zethelius, Björn, Lithell, Hans, Hales, C. Nicholas, Berne, Christian, Lakka, H.-M., Oksanen, L., Tuomainen, T.-P., Kontula, K., Salonen, J. T., Dekker, J. M., de Boks, P., de Vegt, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., Heine, R. J., Bruno, G., Cavallo-Perin, P., Bargero, G., D’Errico, N., Borra, M., Macchia, G., Pagano, G., Newton, R. W., Ruta, D. A., New, J. P., Wallace, C., Roxburgh, M. A., Young, R. J., Vaughan, N. J. A., Elliott, P., Brennan, G., Devers, M., MacAlpine, R., Steinke, D., Lawson, D. H., Decallonne, B., Casteels, K., Gysemans, C., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C., Linn, Thomas, Strate, Christine, Schneider, Kerstin, Funda, D. P., Jirsa, M., Kozáková, H., Kaas, A., Kofronová, O., Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H., Buschard, K., Wanka, H., Hartmann, A., Kuttler, B., Rasmussen, S. B., Sørensen, T. S., Markholst, H., Petersen, J. S., Karounos, D., Dyrberg, T., Mabley, J. G., Haskó, G., Szabó, C., Seissler, J., Nguyen, T. B. T., Steinbrenner, H., Scherbaum, W. A., Cipriani, R., Gabriele, A., Sensi, M., Guidobaldi, L., Pantellini, F., Cerrito, M. G., Scarpa, S., Di Mario, U., Morano, S., Ceolotto, G., Iori, E., Baritono, E., Del Prato, S., Semplicini, A., Trevisan, R., Zerbini, G., Meregalli, G., Asnaghi, V., Tentori, F., Maestroni, A., Mangili, R., Marescotti, C., Vedovato, M., Tiengo, A., Tadjieva, J., Mankovsky, B. N., Van Aken, S., Raes, A., Vande Walle, J., Matthys, D., Craen, M., Hansen, H. P., Lund, S. S., Rossing, P., Jensen, T., Parving, H.-H., Andersen, S., Tarnow, L., Hansen, B. V., Trautner, C., Haastert, B., Ennenbach, N., Willich, S., Tabák, Á. Gy., Orchard, T. J., Spranger, J., Preissner, K. T., Schatz, H., Pfeiffer, A., Cantón, A., Burgos, R., Hernández, C., Lecube, A., Mesa, J., Segura, R. M., Mateo, C., Simó, R., Fathallah, L., Greene, D. A., Obrosova, I., Gilbert, R. E., Kelly, D. J., Cox, A. J., Berka-Wilkinson, J. L., Taylor, H. R., Panagiotopoulos, S., Lee, V., Jerums, G., Cooper, M. E., Hitman, G. A., Aganna, E., Ogunkolade, W. B., Rema, M., Deepa, R., Shanthi-Rani, C. S., Barakat, K., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cassell, P. G., McDermott, M. F., Mohan, V., Ways, K., Bursell, S., Devries, T., Woodworth, J., Alatorre, C., King, G., Aiello, L. P., Karisen, A. E., Pavlovic, D., Nielsen, K., Jensen, J., Andersen, H. U., Pociot, F., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Eizirik, D. L., Nerup, J., Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Lally, F. J., Bone, A. J., Darville, M. I., Ho, Y.-S., Sternesjö, J., Sandler, S., Chen, M.-C., Schuit, F., Pipeleers, D. G., Merezak, S., Hardikar, A., Hoet, J. J., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Bréant, B., Garofano, A., Czernichow, P., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Nakano, R., Komeda, K., Eto, K., Tobe, K., Kimura, S., Kadowaki, T., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsunoda, M., Mochizuki, T., Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Dorling, M. W., Petry, C. J., Koopmans, S. J., van der Bent, C., Que, I., Radder, J. K., Sebokova, E., Sana, A. K., Klimes, I., Ruderman, N., Morviducci, L., Pastore, L., Morelli, S., Sagratella, E., Zorretta, D., Buongiomo, A., Tamburrano, G., Giaccari, A., Martinenghi, Sabina, De Angelis, Gabriella Cusella, Ravasi, Flavio, Bifari, Francesco, Bordignon, Claudio, Falqui, Luca, Kessler, A., Dransfeld, O., Sasson, S., Tomas, E., Zorzano, A., Eckel, J., Thorsby, P., Rosenfalck, A. M., Kjems, L., Hanssen, K. F., Madsbad, S., Birkeland, K. I., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Markussen, J., Bergman, R. N., Melki, V., Hanaire-Broutin, H., Bessières-Lacombe, S., Tauber, J.-P., Home, P. D., Lindholm, A., Riis, A., Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S., Clark, C., Edwards, M., Donley, D., Swift, P., Mortensen, H. B., Lynggaard, H., Hougaard, P., Cull, C. A., Neil, H. A. W., Frighi, V., Manley, S. E., Holman, R. R., Turner, R. C., Steiner, G., Davis, W. A., Weeraratna, T., Bruce, D. G., Davis, T. M. E., Vergès, B., Duvillard, L., Pont, F., Florentin, E., Gambert, Ph., Benko, B., Ljubić, S., Turk, Z., Granić, M., März, W., Wollschläger, H., Klein, G., Neiss, A., Wehling, M., Huxtable, S. J., Saker, P. J., Walker, M., Frayling, T. M., Levy, J. C., O’Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A. T., McCarthy, M. I., Orecchio, A., Giacchini, A., Dominici, R., Canettieri, G., Trinti, B., Zani, M., Andreoli, M., Sciacchitano, S., de Silva, A. M., Whitecross, K., Pasco, J., Kotowicz, M., Nicholson, G., Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., Frittitta, L., Pizzuti, A., Argiolas, A., Graci, S., Goldfine, I. D., Bozzali, M., Ercolino, T., Costanzo, B., Iacoviello, L., Tassi, V., Trischitta, V., Wauters, M., Rankinen, T., Mertens, I., Chagnon, M., Bouchard, C., Van Gaal, L., Sivenius, K., Valve, R., Hakkarainen, V., Niskanen, L., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M., Beridze, N., Japaridze, M., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Kebuladze, G., Kazakhashvili, N., Offley-Shore, B., Thomas, B., Ghebremeskel, K., Crawford, M., Lowy, C., Eriksson, Ulf J., Martin Simán, C., Wisse, Bert, Gittenberger-de Groot, Adriana C., Wentzel, P., Eriksson, U. J., Wender-Ożegowska, E., Drews, K., Biczysko, R., Bronisz, A., Rość, D., Graczykowska-Koczorowska, A., Kotschy, M., Sokup, A., Kohnert, K. D., Besch, W., Strese, J., Frick, U., Zander, E., Kemer, W., Škrha, J., Kvasnička, J., Kalvodová, B., Hilgertová, J., Schatteman, K., Goossens, F., Scharpé, S., De Leeuw, I., Hendriks, D., Legakis, I. N., Panayiotou, D., Mountokalakis, Th. D., Enderle, M. D., Beckmann, P., Balletshofer, B., Rittig, K., Maerker, E., Volk, A., Meisner, C., Jacob, S., Matthaei, S., Häring, H. U., Rett, K., Ueda, K., Nakagawa, T., Shimajiri, Y., Kokawa, M., Matsumoto, E., Sasaki, H., Sanke, T., Nanjo, K., McKinnon, Caroline M., Macfarlane, Wendy M., Docherty, Kevin, Furukawa, N., Shirotani, T., Kishikawa, H., Kaneko, K., Araki, E., Shichiri, M., Prentki, M., Roduit, R., Susini, S., Buteau, J., Ejrnæs, A. M., Andersen, N. Aa., Osterhoff, M., Möhlig, M., Ortmann, J., Bikashaghi, F., Mayer, C., Bikashagi, F., Ackermans, M. T., Pereira Arias, A. M., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Gastaldelli, A., Baldi, S., Pettiti, M., Natali, A., Frascerra, S., Camastra, S., Toschi, E., Ferrannini, E., Stingl, H., Krssak, M., Bischof, M. G., Krebs, M., Fürnsinn, C., Nowotny, P., Waldhäusl, W., Roden, M., Neeft, M., Meijer, A. J., Båvenholm, P., Pigon, J., Efendic, S., Kästenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Sokol, G., Auinger, M., Irsigler, K., Abbott, C. A., Carrington, A. L., Faragher, B., Kulkarni, J., Van Ross, E. R. E., Boulton, A. J. M., Armstrong, D. G., Hadi, S., Nguyen, H. C., Harkless, L. B., Jirkovská, A., Kasalicky, P., Hosová, J., Skibova, J., Uccioli, L., Caselli, A., Giacomozzi, C., Macellari, V., Giurato, L., Lardieri, L., Menzinger, G., Pham, H. T., Rosenblum, B. I., Lyons, T. E., Giurini, J. M., Smakowski, P., Chrzan, J. S., Habershaw, G. M., Veves, A., Foster, A. M., Bates, M., Doxford, M., Edmonds, M. E., Kecha, O., Winkler, R., Martens, H., Collette, J., Lefèbvre, P. J., Greiner, D., Geenen, V., Atlan-Gepner, C., Naspetti, M., Valéro, R., Barad, M., Lepault, F., Vialettes, B., Naquet, P., de Galan, B., Netea, M. G., Hancu, N., Smits, P., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Osterbye, T., Jørgensen, K. H., Tranum-Jensen, J., Fredman, P., Høy, M., Bokvist, K., Olsen, H. L., Horn, T., Gromada, J., Laub, R., Lohmann, T., Hahn, H. J., Adler, T., Emmrich, F., Rabuazzo, A. M., Lupi, R., Dotta, F., Patanè, G., Marselli, L., Realacci, M., Piro, S., Del Guerra, S., Santangelo, C., Navalesi, R., Purrello, F., Marchetti, P., de Vos, P., Visser, L., de Haan, B. J., Klok, P., van Schilfgaarde, R., Poppema, S., Juang, J.-H., Kuo, C.-H., Hsu, B. R.-S., Nacher, V., Pérez, M., Biarnés, M., Raurell, M., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Ritzel, R., Maubach, J., Büsing, M., Becker, T., Klempnauer, J., Hücking, K., Schmiegel, W. H., Nauck, M. A., Bouček, P., Saudek, F., Adamec, M., Kožitarová, R., Jedináková, T., Vlasáková, Z., Skibová, J., Bartoš, V., Maffi, P., Bertuzzi, F., Aldrighetti, L., Taglietti, M. V., Castelnuovo, A., Pozza, G., Di Carlo, V., Secchi, A., Renier, G., Mamputu, J.-C., Gillespie, J. S., McMaster, D., Mercer, C., Trimble, E. R., Lecomte, M., Véricel, E., Paget, C., Ruggiero, D., Lagarde, M., Wiernsperger, N., Pricci, F., Leto, G., Amadio, L., Cordone, S., Iacobini, C., Catalano, S., Violi, F., Rotella, C. M., Pugliese, G., Zicari, A., Gradini, R., Sale, P., Pala, L., Cresci, B., Giannini, S., Manuelli, C., Dahlfors, G., Arnqvist, H. J., Gonelle-Gispert, C., Halnan, P. A., Sadoul, K., Wolter, S., Lang, J., Niwa, T., Yu, W., Hidaka, H., Senda, T., Niki, I., Fukasawa, T., Renstrom, E., Barg, S., Seward, E., Rorsman, P., Rutter, G. A., Molinete, M., Lilla, V., Ravazzola, M., Halban, P. A., Efanov, A. M., Bertorello, A. M., Zaitsev, S. V., Zwiller, J., Berggren, P.-O., MŞengül, A., Salman, F., Sargrn, M., Özer, E., Karşidaǧ, K., Salman, S., Gedik, S., Satman, İ., Dinççaǧ, N., Yılmaz, M. T., Lloyd, A., Hopkinson, P. K., Testa, M. A., Blonde, L., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J., Simonson, D. C., van der Ven, N. C. W., Lubach, C. H. C., Snoek, F. J., Mollema, E. D., van der Ploeg, H. M., Danne, T., Hoey, H., McGee, H., Fitzgerald, H., Lernmark, B., Thernlund, G., Fredin, K., Hägglöf, B., Lugari, R., Dell’Anna, C., Ugolotti, D., Dei Cas, A., Barilli, A. L., Sard, L., Marani, B., Iotti, M., Zandomeneghi, R., Gnudi, A., Kjems, L. L., Volund, Aa., Toft-Nielsen, M., Damholt, M. B., Hilsted, L., Hughes, T. E., Krarup, T., Holst, J. J., Young, A., Gottlieb, A., Fineman, M., Kolterman, O., Cancelas, J., García-Martínez, J. A., Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, M. L., Valverde, I., Malaisse, W. J., Filipsson, K., Ahrén, B., Balkan, B., Kwasnik, L., Battle, B., Li, X., Egan, J. M., Clocquet, A. R., Elahi, D., Petrella, E., Pricket, K., Petersen, K. F., Sullivan, J. T., Amatruda, J. M., Livingston, J. N., Shulman, G. I., Freyse, E.-J., Knospe, S., Glund, K., Demuth, H.-U., Walker, D., Malik, R. A., Reljanovic, M., Barada, A., Milicevic, Z., Tack, Cees J., Goldstein, David S., Van Huysen, C., Stevens, M. J., Cao, X., Sundkvist, G., Dahlin, L.-B., Eriksson, K.-F., Rosén, I., Lattimer, S. A., Sima, A. A. F., Sullivan, K., Shaw, J. E., de Courten, M. P., Zimmet, P. Z., Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Arveiler, D., Amouyel, Ph., Bingham, A., Tauber, J. P., Lam, K. S. L., Wat, N. M. S., Lam, T. H., Janus, E. D., de Pablos, P., Rodriguez, F., Martínez, J., Sánchez, V., Santana, C., García, I., Macías, A., Levin, K., Hother-Nielsen, O., Henriksen, J. E., Beck-Nielsen, H., Brechtel, K., Machann, J., Koch, M., Nielsen, M., Löblein, K., Becker, R., Denignger, M., Renn, W., Machicao, F., Claussen, C. D., Schick, F., Diraison, F., Moulin, P., Beylot, M., Thams, P., Capito, K., Eliasson, Lena, Barg, Sebastian, Göpel, Sven, Kanno, Takahiro, Renström, Erik, Meda, P., Charollais, A., Gjnovci, A., Calabrese, A., Wonkam, A., Caton, D., Wisznievski, L., Serre, V., Cogne, F., Bauquis, J., Bosco, D., Huarte, J., Herrera, P., Gotfredsen, C. 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J., Schiaffini, R., Pantaleo, A., Battocletti, T., Vaccari, V., Brufani, C., Martuscelli, E., Gargiulo, P., Nieszner, E., Posa, I., Kocsis, E., Préda, I., Pogatsa, G., Koltai, M. Z. S., Stefanidis, A., Manoussakis, S., Handanis, S., Zairis, M., Vitalis, D., Dadiotis, L., Fiorina, P., La Rocca, E., Astorri, E., Rossetti, C., Lucignani, G., Giudici, D., Castoldi, R., Mazarakis, N., Giagiakou, E., Karavidas, A., Agellou, A., Karamani, O., Matsakas, E., Caviezel, F., Morricone, L., Ranucci, M., Denti, S., Cazzaniga, A., Enrini, R., Isgrò, G., González de Molina, F. J., Sala, J., Masià, R., Marrugat, J., Kruszewski, P., Wolnik, B., Bieniaszewski, L., Świerblewska, E., Semetkowska-Jurkiewicz, E., Krupa-Wojciechowska, B., Vasilikos, P. G., Alaveras, A. E. G., Anastasopoulos, N. G., Chala, E., Sidira, M., Christakopoulos, P. D., Poulsen, P. L., Hansen, K. W., Ebbehøj, E., Knudsen, S. T., Mogensen, C. E., Ramu, Y., Vidyullatha, Y., Strojek, K., Gorska, J., Morawin, E., Ritz, E., Ciavarella, A., Malini, P. L., Strocchi, E., Fiumi, N., Ambrosioni, E., Idzior-Waluś, B., Stevens, L., McEneny, J., O’Kane, M. J., Moles, K. W., McMaster, C., Young, I. S., Leonhardt, W., Konstadelou, E., Gürlek, Alper, Soedamah-Muthu, S., Taskinen, M. R., Ehnholm, C., Wägner, A., Bayen, Laia, Rigla, M., Ortega, E., Caixàs, A., Mestrón, A., Ordóñez, J., Pérez, A., Sotiropoulou, G., Servais, P. L., Bertolotto, A., Pilo, M., Suchánková, G., Andratschke, S., Tschöp, M., Strasburger, C.-J., Rizzo, L., Aerts, P., Vinckx, M., Ansquer, J. C., Ryan, M., Buter, H., Navis, G. J., de Jong, P. E., de Zeeuw, D., Carreras, G., Giménez, G., Pou, J. M., Howorka, K., Gabriel, M., Pumprla, J., Köves, A., Bhowmik, N. B., Haque, A., Rahman, A., Paleari, F., Gamba, P., Mauri, G., Rovaris, G., Giannattasio, C., Piatti, M. L., Zincone, A., Cavaletti, G., Mancia, G., Lan, S., Arezzo, J., Gerber, R. A., Klioze, S. S., Saponara, C., Tartaglione, T., Cercone, S., Caputo, S., Meloni, T., Brunetti, D., Di Lazzaro, V., Xu, G., Jiang, H. Y., Shy, M. E., Sugimoto, K., Zhang, W.-X., Kuchmerovskaya, T., Donchenko, G., Shymansky, I., Kuchmerovsky, N., Pakyrbaeva, L., Cameron, N. E., Keegan, A., Cotter, M. A., Mirrlees, D., Smale, S. E., Biessels, G. J., Duis, S. E. J., Kamal, A., Gispen, W. H., Carrington, A., Carman, S., Smiarowski, H., Lavoie, D., Sawicki, D., Sabetta, A., Litchfield, J., Van Zandt, M., Sredy, J., Smirnova, V., Strokov, I., Ivanova, L., Ichunina, A., Nakamura, J., Nakayama, M., Hamada, Y., Chaya, S., Kato, K., Kasuya, Y., Mizubayashi, R., Miwa, K., Yasuda, Y., Kamiya, H., Hotta, N., Bíró, K., Kukorelli, T., Szilágyi, N., Kürthy, M., Komáromy, A., Mogyorosi, T., Nagy, K., Çakir, M., Baskal, N., Güllü, S., Elhan, A. H., Erdogan, G., Ziegler, D., Piolot, R., Neubauer, J., Senesi, B., Bonetti, R., Napolitano, A., Canepa, F., Ottonello, P., Schabmann, A., Giménez-Pérez, G., Arroyo, J. A., López, T., Ponz, E., Mauricio, D., Diem, P., Zanchin, L., Suter, S. L., Lefrandt, J. D., Smit, A., van Roon, A. M., Dullaart, R., Voita, D., Mackevics, V., Vitols, A., Lengyel, Cs., Farkas, Gy., Török, T., Légrády, P., Várkonyi, T. T., Kardos, A., Gingl, Z., Kempler, P., Rudas, L., Lonovics, J., Marchand, M., Stevens, L. K., Tarnás, Gy., Estrella, F., Christensen, N. J., Keresztes, K., Barna, I., Hermányi, Zs., Vargha, P., Bonnevie, L., Chanudet, X., Larroque, P., Tutuncu, N. Bascil, Deger, A., Batur, M. K., Yildirir, A., Onalan, O., Aksöyek, S., Kabakçι, G., Erbaş, T., Galicka-Latała, D., Surdacki, A., Gerritsen, J., TenVoorde, B. J., Heethaar, R. M., Tagawa, T. S., Kodama, M., Yoshioka, R., Yamasaki, Y., Didangelos, T., Athyros, V., Kontopoulos, A., Papageorgiou, A., Karamitsos, D., Lacigová, S., Rušavý, Z., Kárová, R., Perrild, H., Kay, L., Jørgensen, T., Bień, A. I., Witek, P., Geraldes, Elizabete, Rodrigues, D., Pereira, L., Doménech, A., Leitão, P., Anagnostopoulos, D., Foster, A. V. M., Nag, S., Barsoum, M., Lewis, G., Dunlop, N., Connolly, V., Bilous, R., Kelly, W., Chantelau, E., Gede, A., Sharman, D., O’Halloran, D., Best, C., Abbas, Z. G., Lutale, J., Gill, G. V., Jarvis, W. R., Archibald, L. K., Corcoran, S., Mansell, J., Pibworth, L., Terada, H., Shiba, T., Utugi, N., Utugi, T., Blum, M., Strobel, J., Höffken, K., Razvi, F. M., Kritzinger, E. E., Taylor, K., Jones, S., Illahi, W., Grüβer, M., Hartmann, P., Hoffstadt, K., van Leiden, H. A., Moll, A. C., Polak, B. C. P., Pietragalla, G. B., Maurino, M., Montanaro, M., Karadeniz, Ş., Tommasini, P., Quadrini, C., Demiraj, V., Rispoli, E., Ota, A., Takama, H., Saito, N., Hemández, C., Lepore, D., Antico, L., Giardina, B., Franconi, F., Michoud, E., Chamot, S., Riva, Ch., Hammes, H.-P., Renner, O., Breier, G., Lin, J., Alt, A., Betzholtz, C., Bretzel, R. G., Manti, R., Gallo, M., Molinar Hin, A., Brignardello, E., Boccuzzi, G., Li, Shanfang, Xiang, Kunsan, Zhang, Rugeng, Shangguan, Xinhong, Wu, Jianrong, Donnan, P. T., Broomhall, J., Hunter, K., Morris, A. D., Ioannidis, G., Peppa, M., Rontogianni, E., Kallifronas, M., Lekatsas, I., Chrysanthopoulou, G., Anthopoulos, L., Kesse, M., Thalassinos, N., Neves, C., Medina, J. L., Lopes, F., Yılmaz, M., Güvener, N., Güvener, M., Kocagöz, T., Böke, E., Paşaoglu, I., Bascil Tutuncu, N., Oto, A., Karvonen, M. K., Koulu, M., Pesonen, U., Mercuri, M., Rauramaa, R., Rutter, M. K., Kestevan, P., McComb, J. M., Marshall, S. M., Sobieska, M., Wiktorowicz, K., Kanters, S. D. J. M., Banga, J. D., Algra, A., Frijns, C. J. M., Beutler, J. J., Fijnheer, R., Nicoloff, G., Baydanoff, S., Stanimirova, N., Petrova, Ch., Lario, S., Campistol, J. M., Cases, A., Clària, J., Iñigo, P., Esmatjcs, E., Sármán, B., Tóth, M., Kocsis, I., Somogyi, A., Bumbure, A., Jachimowicz, K., Samson, J., Tomasiak, M., Sobol, A., Stańczyk, L., Watala, C., Stradina, P., Wiśniewska-Jarosińska, M., Marciniak, D., Więcławska, B., Watała, C., Golański, J., Zinnat, R., Mahmud, I., Büyükasik, Yahya, Demiroğlu, H., Szczepanik, A., Skowroński, M., Murawska, A., Meeking, D. R., Allard, S., Munday, J., Chowienczyk, P., Shaw, K. M., Cummings, M. H., Šimková, R., Jirsa, M., Hadoke, P. W. F., McIntyre, C. A., Jones, G. C., Williams, B. C., Elliott, A. I., McKnight, J. A., Pernow, J., Bombonato, G. C., Finucci, G. F., Zotta, L., Senses, V., Ozyazgan, S., Ince, E., Tunçdemir, M., Oztürk, M., Sultuybek, G., Akkan, A. G., Özyazgan, S., Unlücerci, Y., Bekpınar, S., Meyer, M. F., Lee, B. C., Shore, A. C., Humphreys, J. M., Tooke, J. E., Dell’Omo, G., Giovannitti, G., Caricato, F., Mariani, M., Pedrinelli, R., Kiviet-Boehm, C., Schwelling, V., Matthäei, S., Pfohl, M., McInerney, D., Itoh, H., Ohno, T., Katoh, N., Baumgartner-Parzer, S., Artwohl, M., Graier, W., Ludwig, C., Tachi, Y., Bannai, C., Shinohara, M., Shimpuku, H., Ohura, K., Bertacca, A., Sasvári, M., Szaleczki, E., Pusztai, P., Boes, U., Klaus, E., Dittrich, P., Wagner, Z., Wittmann, I., Pótó, L., Wagner, L., Mazák, I., Nagy, J., Feletto, F., Taboga, C., Tonutti, L., Lizzio, S., Russo, A., Selmo, V., Ceriello, A., Lekakis, J., Papamichael, C. M., Stamatelopoulos, K., Stamatelopoulos, S., Yillar, D. O., Gay, M., Lillaz, E., Passaro, A., Vanini, A., Calzoni, F., D’Elia, K., Carantoni, M., Zuliani, G., Fellin, R., Solini, A., Chwatko, G., Bald, E., Dramais, A.-S., Wallemacq, P. E., Vandeleene, B., Ciaria, M. V., Ariano, M., Strom, R., Gibney, J., Weiss, U., Turner, B., O’Gorman, P., Watts, G., Powrie, J., Crook, M., Shaw, K., and Cummings, M.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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15. Why World Recovery Could Spring from the East
- Author
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Sandberg, M.
- Subjects
Commerce -- International aspects ,Economic development -- Asia ,Business ,Business, general - Published
- 1983
16. Flow and heat transfer in the air gap behind photovoltaic panels
- Author
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Moshfegh, B. and Sandberg, M.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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17. New heteroaryl-spaced phosphono a-Amino acids are competitive NMDA antagonists with analgesic activity
- Author
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Swahn, B.-M., Claesson, A., Pelcman, B., Besidski, Y., Molin, H., Sandberg, M. P., and Berge, O.-G.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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18. Brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats: a role of cysteine?
- Author
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Puka-Sundvall, M., Sandberg, M., and Hagberg, H.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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19. Evoked field potential changes in the rat hippocampus produced by toxic doses of glutamate agonists and metabolic inhibitors: correlation with subsequent neuronal death
- Author
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Lees, G. J. and Sandberg, M.
- Abstract
The perforant path evoked field potentials in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus are distinctive and thus were used as a marker for the accurate positioning of injection cannulae. The time course of the changes in these potentials caused by various toxins were determined and correlated with the extent of neuronal loss produced subsequently. Glutamate and the glutamate receptor agonists, kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), caused an immediate loss of the evoked field potentials, suggesting a massive depolarization block. After the glutamate agonists there was only a small recovery in potentials over a period of 8 h, whereas after glutamate the potentials recovered within 5 h. Short-term decreases in evoked potential (up to 2 h) were also found after saline injections. Hippocampal evoked potentials were still reduced 8 h after NMDA, even in areas not showing subsequent neuronal loss. Sodium iodoacetate (10 nmol) caused a delayed loss of evoked potentials, reaching a minimum 15 min after injection and lasting for at least 8 h, whereas after sodium cyanide (10 nmol) the potentials decreased immediately to a similar extent to those found 15 min after iodoacetate, but recovery was reversible over 8 h. There was a significant correlation between the degree to which the evoked potentials were decreased and the extent of death of the granule cell neurons, examined histologically four days later.
- Published
- 1991
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20. Localization of protamine 1 mRNA in different stages of the cycle of the rat seminiferous epithelium.
- Author
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Mali, P, Sandberg, M, Vuorio, E, Yelick, P C, Hecht, N B, and Parvinen, M
- Abstract
A mouse protamine 1 cDNA probe was used to study P1 protamine gene expression during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. In situ hybridization experiments showed that transcription of the P1 protamine mRNA starts in the middle of step 7 of spermiogenesis during substage VIIc. The mRNA levels stay high in steps 7-14 spermatids but decrease during steps 15-16 and are virtually undetectable in steps 17-19 spermatids. Northern blot analyses of RNAs isolated from microdissected pools of seminiferous tubules show high P1 protamine mRNA concentrations during stages VIIc-XIV-III of the cycle and lower levels during stages IV-VIIb. Owing to a post-transcriptional shortening of the poly(A) tail by 130 bases, a decrease in the size of protamine 1 mRNA from approximately 580 to 450 nucleotides was observed in stages XIII-XIV suggesting an initiation of protamine 1 synthesis in step 13-14 spermatids. In stages II-VI (steps 16-18 spermatids), only the smaller size protamine 1 mRNA was detectable. The expression of protamine 1 mRNAs has been localized in the very last phase of the haploid gene activity. Although the in situ hybridization suggests a disappearance of protamine 1 mRNA after step 16 of spermiogenesis, Northern blot analysis shows that low levels of mRNA are present during the period of final condensation of the chromatin, reflecting the association of protamine with DNA.
- Published
- 1988
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21. Kinetic properties of glutaminase from cerebral cortex
- Author
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Bradford, H. F., Ward, H. K., and Sandberg, M.
- Abstract
The rates of phosphate activated glutaminase activity in finely homogenised cerebral cortex and synaptosomes were measured. Activity was 25–50% higher at pH 7.0 than at pH 8.0. Glutamate inhibited activity with a K
i of 2–3 mM while aspartate had little effect. Calcium (1 mM) activated the enzyme but magnesium was without action. The pH profiles of the effects of these modulators of glutaminase activity in these finely ground preparations showed that all agents were more effective at pH 7.0 than at pH 8.0.- Published
- 1984
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22. Fast and slow cyclic nucleotide-dissociation sites in cAMP-dependent protein kinase are transposed in type Ibeta cGMP-dependent protein kinase.
- Author
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Reed, R B, Sandberg, M, Jahnsen, T, Lohmann, S M, Francis, S H, and Corbin, J D
- Abstract
Both cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK) contain two distinct cyclic nucleotide-binding sites referred to as fast and slow sites based on cyclic nucleotide dissociation behavior. In cAK, the fast site lies amino-terminal to the slow site, and sequence homologies between cAK and cGK have suggested similar positioning for the sites in cGK. Recombinant human type Ibeta cGK (wild type (WT) cGK) was overexpressed, and the properties of purified WT cGK and native type Ibeta cGK were similar. cGK was mutated singly at Thr-193 (T193A, T193V, and T193S) and Thr-317 (T317A, T317V, and T317S), which have been predicted to provide cGMP specificity in the cGMP-binding sites of cGK; a double mutant (T193A/T317A) was produced also. Compared with WT cGK, half-maximal activation (Ka) of mutant cGKs by cGMP was increased 2- (T317A), 27- (T193A), or 63-fold (T193A/T317A), but the Ka for cAMP of these mutants was essentially unchanged. The T193A and T193V mutants had a large increase in the rate of the slow component of [3H]cGMP dissociation, but in the T317A and T317V mutants, there was no change in the slow component. The T193S and T317S mutants had only minor effects on [3H]cGMP dissociation, thus establishing the importance of the hydroxyl group of Thr-193 and -317 for cGMP binding to cGK. Thus, in type Ibeta cGK, the slow cGMP-binding site is identified as the amino-terminal site in contrast to the order assigned to the fast and slow cAMP-binding sites of cAK.
- Published
- 1996
23. Bicarbonate-sensitive cysteine induced elevation of extracellular aspartate and glutamate in rat hippocampus in vitro
- Author
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Abbas, A.-K., Jardemark, K., Lehmann, A., Weber, S. G., and Sandberg, M.
- Published
- 1997
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24. New Chemical Descriptors Relevant for the Design of Biologically Active Peptides. A Multivariate Characterization of 87 Amino Acids
- Author
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Sandberg, M., Eriksson, L., Jonsson, J., Sjostrom, M., and Wold, S.
- Abstract
In this study 87 amino acids (AA.s) have been characterized by 26 physicochemical descriptor variables. These descriptor variables include experimentally determined retention values in seven thin-layer chromatography (TLC) systems, three nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shift variables, and 16 calculated variables, namely six semiempirical molecular orbital indices, total, polar, and nonpolar surface area, van der Waals volume of the side chain, log P, molecular weight, and four indicator variables describing hydrogen bond donor and acceptor properties, and side chain charge. In the present study, the data from a previous characterization of 55 AA.s from our laboratory have been extended with data for 32 additional AA.s and 14 new descriptor variables. The new 32 AA.s were selected to represent both intermediate and more extreme physicochemical properties, compared to the 20 coded AA.s. The new extended and updated principal property scales, the z-scales, were calculated and aligned to previously reported z(old)-scales. The appropriateness of the extended z-scales were validated by the use in quantitative sequence−activity modeling (QSAM) of 89 elastase substrate analogues and in a QSAM of 29 neurotensin analogues.
- Published
- 1998
25. Molecular Cloning, cDNA Structure, and Chromosomal Localization of the Human Type II cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase
- Author
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Ørstavik, S, Solberg, R, Taskén, K, Nordahl, M, Altherr, M.R, Hansson, V, Jahnsen, T, and Sandberg, M
- Abstract
The type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase is an enzyme originally isolated from the small intestine, and is thought to be involved in the regulation of intestinal ion transport and fluid secretion. A complementary DNA clone encoding a part of the human type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase was isolated from a cerebellum library. Based on sequence information from this complementary DNA, the 5′-end of the type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase was amplified from human brain messenger RNA using polymerase chain reaction. The composite complementary DNA encoded a 762 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 87.4 kDa. Messenger RNAs encoding the type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase were detected in small intestine, colon and prostate. By using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting on somatic cell hybrids, the gene encoding the type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase was mapped to human chromosome 4 q13.1-q21.1.
- Published
- 1996
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26. Visualization of the NMDA recognition site in rat and mouse spinal cord by [3H]CGS 19755in vitro autoradiography
- Author
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Sandberg, M. P., Radesäter, A. -C., Näsström, J., and Luthman, J.
- Abstract
The possibility to visualize the NMDA recognition site with [
3 H]CGS 19755in vitro autoradiography was evaluated in rat brain and spinal cord sections and thereafter used to study the distribution of the NMDA recognition site in rat and mouse spinal cord. The [3 H]CGS 19755 binding was concentrated to the dorsal horn, in particular to the substantia gelatinosa. Notable binding was also seen in the intermediate area and ventral horn, while some binding was observed in the funiculi. No major differences were seen in [3 H]CGS 19755 binding at various levels of the rat or mouse spinal cord, although a more dense binding was seen in the mouse. A similar distribution of the [3 H]CGS 19755 specific binding and the NMDA receptor associated ion-channel site, labeled with [3 H]TCP, was found in the mouse spinal cord. Taken together, our data indicate that the NMDA recognition site can be visualized in rat and mouse spinal cord byin vitro [3 H]CGS 19755 autoradiography.- Published
- 1995
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27. Development of brain damage after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: Excitatory amino acids and cysteine
- Author
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Puka-Sundvall, M., Gilland, E., Bona, E., Lehmann, A., Sandberg, M., and Hagberg, H.
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and cysteine in the development of brain damage after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in neonates. In a rat model of neonatal HI, changes in extracellular (ec) amino acids in cerebral cortex were measured with microdialysis and correlated with the extent of brain damage at the site of probe placement. Extracellular concentrations of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine increased during HI and remained elevated during reperfusion. During HI the pattern of EAA changes was the same in the infarcted, undamaged and border zone regions. During reperfusion, however, the ec concentrations of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine were higher in infarcted and border zone areas compared to undamaged tissue. HI also produced a slight increase of tissue concentration of cysteine and decrease of tissue concentration of glutamate in parietal cortex of the HI hemisphere. The effect of cysteine on brain damage induced by HI and glutamate was also investigated. A subtoxic dose of cysteine potentiated glutamate toxicity in the arcuate nucleus and enhanced brain infarction after HI in neonatal rats. The results show that in neonatal HI the extracellular levels of EAAs during HI are not directly related to brain injury but the EAA levels during reflow predict the extent of infarction. Cysteine increases HI-induced brain injury and potentiates glutamate toxicity in neonatal rats. Speculatively, elevated level of cysteine during reperfusion may participate in the excitotoxic cascade leading to brain injury.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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28. Comparison of anion-exchange and ion-modified reversed-phase liquid chromatography for the determination of S-sulfocysteine
- Author
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Xia, W., Sandberg, M., and Weber, S. G.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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29. Multivariate process and quality monitoring applied to an electrolysis processPart I. Process supervision with multivariate control charts
- Author
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Wikstrom, C., Albano, C., Eriksson, L., Friden, H., Johansson, E., Nordahl, A., Raannar, S., Sandberg, M., Kettaneh-Wold, N., and Wold, S.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Multivariate process and quality monitoring applied to an electrolysis processPart II. Multivariate time-series analysis of lagged latent variables
- Author
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Wikstrom, C., Albano, C., Eriksson, L., Friden, H., Johansson, E., Nordahl, A., Raannar, S., Sandberg, M., Kettaneh-Wold, N., and Wold, S.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. High-risk Characteristics of Fellow Eyes of Patients with Unilateral Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
- Author
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Sandberg, M. A., Weiner, A., Miller, S., and Gaudio, A. R.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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32. Mononuclear cells recovered from inflammatory synovial membrane using fine-needle biopsy
- Author
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Geborek, P., Sandberg, M., and Wollheim, F. A.
- Abstract
A simple technique for fine-needle aspiration biopsy from the synovial membrane of arthritis knee joints preceded by lavage of the joint cavity is described. The procedure was atraumatic, well accepted, and could be performed on outpatients. Cells originating from the synovial membrane were obtained in 12 of 17 knees using a 1.2-mm cannula. The yield was 6.0×10
3 to 135×103 mononuclear cells. The cell populations could be expanded by stimulation with antigen and mitogen. The described fine-needle biopsy technique is of value when repeated sampling of synovial membrane cell populations is desired.- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Acidic β-Aspartyl and γ-Glutamyl Peptides in Extracts of Rat Brain
- Author
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Sandberg, M., Li, X.Y., Folestad, S., Weber, S.G., and Orwar, O.
- Abstract
This work describes further development of our previously presented method for determination of acidic sulfur/phosphor-containing amino acids, γ-glutamyl di/tripeptides, and β-aspartyl dipeptides. Automated precolumn fluorogenic derivatization was performed with o-phthaldialdehyde/β-mercaptoethanol and the derivatives were separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The method was optimized for the analysis of brain tissue extracts. Due to the complex sample matrix, three separation schemes with complementary selectivities were developed. Different extraction protocols were evaluated and sonication of frozen tissue powder in methanol-H2O (9:1, v/v) yielded the highest recoveries and precision. β-Mercaphtoethanol and EDTA were added to the extraction media to inhibit spontaneous oxidation of thiol-containing amino compounds. Analyte identification was based on retention times and recovery of standards added to extracts. The following compounds were identified in rat cerebral cortex (mean tissue concentration ± SD, n= 6): γ-glutamylglutamine (38.5 ± 12.6 μM), γ-glutamylglutamate (14.4 ± 6.0 μM), γ-glutamyltaurine (4.9 ± 2.2 μM), β-aspartylglycine (4.0 ± 0.4 μM), β-aspartyltaurine (3.7 ± 0.6μM), O-phosphoserine (3.2 ± 0.8 μM), γ-glutamylcysteine (1.9 ± 0.3 μM), γ-glutamylglycine (1.1 ± 0.1 μM), and γ-glutamylcysteateglycine (0.8 ± 0.1μM). In addition over 15 unidentified components were found. Cysteate, cysteine sulfinate, homocysteate, homocysteine sulfinate, O-Sulfoserine, γ-glutamylaspartate, γ-glutamylcysteate, γ-glutamylhistidine, and β-aspartylalanine were not present at concentrations above 1 μM.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
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34. Rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain genes in the chicken occurs prior to colonization of the embryonic bursa of Fabricius.
- Author
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Mansikka, A, Sandberg, M, Lassila, O, and Toivanen, P
- Abstract
We have applied polymerase-chain-reaction-directed immunoglobulin gene analysis to study the embryonic differentiation of chicken B cells. Immunoglobulin light chain DNA segments in the rearranged configuration were amplified from cells of the intraembryonic mesenchyme as early as day 7 of incubation. We showed by sequencing that the rearranged variable region genes in these early B-cell progenitors were not different from the germ-line V lambda 1 gene (the single functional light chain variable region gene in chickens). In the bursal B lymphocytes, on the other hand, clear gene conversion events were first observed at day 15 of embryonic development. The present data indicate that rearrangement of light chain genes in the chicken occurs independently of the bursa of Fabricius and that diversification of the variable region begins only later, when the surface immunoglobulin-positive B cells are proliferating in the bursal follicles.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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35. Localization of the human gene for the type I cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase to chromosome 10
- Author
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Ørstavik, S., Sandberg, M., Bérubé, D., Natarajan, V., Simard, J.S., Walter, U., Gagné, R., Hansson, V., and Jahnsen, T.
- Abstract
We have recently characterized cDNAs and genomic DNA fragments for human type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK). By probing human × hamster hybrid cell lines with a 1.2-kb intron fragment from the human type I cGK gene, we identified a 5.9-kb BgIll restriction fragment and localized it·human chromosome 10. In situ hybridization analyses using
3 H-labeled cDNA and genomic DNA probes for the human type I cGK to human metaphase chromosomes supported the somatic cell hybrid data and indicated that the gene (PRKGIB; protein kinase, cGMP-dependent) maps to 10p11.2-→q11.2.- Published
- 1992
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36. Localization of the catalytic subunit Cγ of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase gene (PRKACG) to human chromosome region 9q13
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Foss, K.B., Simard, J., Bérubé, D., Beebe, S.J., Sandberg, M., Grzeschik, K.-H., Gagné, R., Hansson, V., and Jahnsen, T.
- Abstract
A cDNA for a new catalytic subunit (Cγ) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) was recently isolated from a human testis cDNA library. This subunit was shown to be expressed only in testis, and has so far not been demonstrated in other species. In the present study, we have determined the chromosomal localization of this gene employing a cDNA for Cγ as a probe. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from human × mouse somatic cell hybrids allowed us to assign this gene (PRKACG) to human chromosome 9. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes confirmed the somatic cell hybrid data and regionally mapped the Cγ gene of PKA to human chromosome 9q13.
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- 1992
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37. Development of a liquid chromatographic method for picomole determination of S-sulfocysteine in trifluoroacetic acid extracts of neonatal rat brain
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Xia, W., Sandberg, M., and Weber, S. G.
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- 1998
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38. A novel endothelial cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase with extracellular epidermal growth factor homology domains
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Partanen, J, Armstrong, E, Mäkelä, T P, Korhonen, J, Sandberg, M, Renkonen, R, Knuutila, S, Huebner, K, and Alitalo, K
- Abstract
Endothelial cell surfaces play key roles in several important physiological and pathological processes such as blood clotting, angiogenic responses, and inflammation. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of tie, a novel type of human endothelial cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase. The extracellular domain of the predicted tie protein product has an exceptional multidomain structure consisting of a cluster of three epidermal growth factor homology motifs embedded between two immunoglobulinlike loops, which are followed by three fibronectin type III repeats next to the transmembrane region. Additionally, a cDNA form lacking the first of the three epidermal growth factor homology domains was isolated, suggesting that alternative splicing creates different tie-type receptors. Cells transfected with tie cDNA expression vector produce glycosylated polypeptides of 117 kDa which are reactive to antisera raised against the tie carboxy terminus. The tie gene was located in chromosomal region 1p33 to 1p34. Expression of the tie gene appeared to be restricted in some cell lines; large amounts of tie mRNA were detected in endothelial cell lines and in some myeloid leukemia cell lines with erythroid and megakaryoblastoid characteristics. In addition, mRNA in situ studies further indicated the endothelial expression of the tie gene. The tie receptor tyrosine kinase may have evolved for multiple protein-protein interactions, possibly including cell adhesion to the vascular endothelium.
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- 1992
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39. Co-expression of collagens II and XI and alternative splicing of exon 2 of collagen II in several developing human tissues
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Sandberg, M M, Hirvonen, H E, Elima, K J M, and Vuorio, E I
- Abstract
Northern analyses, RNAase protection assays and in situ hybridizations were used to study the expression of the mRNA for the alpha 2 chain of collagen XI and the two different mRNAs generated from the collagen II gene through alternative splicing of exon 2 in several different tissues of 15-19-week-old fetuses. The highest expression levels of procollagen alpha 2(XI) and alpha 1(II) mRNAs were detected in cartilage, but, using long exposure times, Northern hybridization revealed the presence of the approximately 5.3 kb procollagen alpha 1(II) mRNA in most tissues analysed: calvarial and diaphyseal bone, striated and cardiac muscle, skin, brain, lung, kidney, liver, small intestine and colon. Both alternatively spliced forms of the mRNA were present in these tissues. In cartilage, the short form of the procollagen alpha 1(II) mRNA (without exon 2 sequences) was clearly more abundant, whereas in most of the non-cartilaginous tissues the long form was the predominant one. Low levels of procollagen alpha 2(XI) mRNA were also seen in non-cartilaginous tissues: calvarial and diaphyseal bone, kidney, skin, muscle, intestine, liver, brain, and lung. In all the other positive tissues except brain cortex, both collagen II and XI transcripts were observed. The localization of collagen II and XI signals was identical in cartilage, kidney and skin. However, in cartilage the signal with collagen II probe was much higher than that with the collagen alpha 2(XI) probe. In epidermis the situation was reversed. Our results show considerable co-expression and co-localization of procollagen alpha 1(II) and alpha 2(XI) mRNAs in many tissues of developing human fetuses. Since the collagen alpha 1(II) gene also codes for the alpha 3(XI) chain of collagen XI we propose that some, but not all, of the expression of the collagen II gene in non-cartilaginous tissues relates to collagen XI production.
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- 1993
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40. Characterization of Sp-5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole- 3′,5′-monophosphorothioate (Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS) as a potent and specific activator of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase in cell extracts and intact cells
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Sandberg, M, Butt, E, Nolte, C, Fischer, L, Halbrügge, M, Beltman, J, Jahnsen, T, Genieser, H G, Jastorff, B, and Walter, U
- Abstract
A newly designed cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogue, Sp-5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D- ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3′,5′-monophosphorothioate (Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS), and 8-(p-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (8-pCPT-cAMP) were compared with respect to their chemical and biological properties in order to assess their potential as activators of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases (cAMP-PK) in intact cells. Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS was shown to be both a potent and specific activator of purified cAMP-PK and of cAMP-PK in platelet membranes, whereas 8-pCPT-cAMP proved to be a potent activator of cAMP-PK and cyclic-GMP-dependent protein kinase (cGMP-PK) both as purified enzymes and in platelet membranes. Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS was not significantly hydrolysed by three types of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, whereas 8-pCPT-cAMP (and 8-bromo-cAMP) was hydrolysed to a significant extent by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase and by the cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase. The apparent lipophilicity, a measure of potential cell-membrane permeability, of Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS was higher than that of 8-pCPT-cAMP. Extracellular application of Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS to intact human platelets reproduced the pattern of protein phosphorylation induced by prostaglandin E1, a cAMP-increasing inhibitor of platelet activation. In intact platelets, Sp-5,6- DCl-cBiMPS was also more effective than 8-pCPT-cAMP in inducing quantitative phosphorylation of the 46/50 kDa vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a major substrate of cAMP-PK in platelets. As observed with prostaglandin E1, pretreatment of human platelets with Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS prevented the aggregation induced by thrombin. The results suggest that Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS is a very potent and specific activator of cAMP-PK in cell extracts and intact cells and, in this respect, is superior to any other cAMP analogue used for intact-cell studies. In contrast with 8-pCPT-cAMP, Sp-5,6-DCl-cBiMPS can be used to distinguish the signal-transduction pathways mediated by cAMP-PK and cGMP-PK.
- Published
- 1991
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41. Atenolol with and without Nifedipine in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
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Sandberg, M. and Foale, R.
- Abstract
Atenolol and nifedipine have been shown to be effective single agents in angina pectoris, but reports suggest that additional benefits may be conferred by combining the 2 drugs. Therefore, to establish that the combination regimen was at least as effective as either atenolol or nifedipine alone, a multicentre study was performed to compare the treatment regimens in 94 patients with characteristic chest pain compatible with a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris which was provoked by effort and relieved by glyceryl trinitrate. After 4 weeks on atenolol 50mg twice daily, the patients were randomised to receive, in a double-blind crossover fashion, atenolol 50mg twice daily either with or without sustained release nifedipine 20mg twice daily for 4 weeks. Compared with entry, all treatments apparently reduced the number of anginal attacks per week and the number of glyceryl trinitrate tablets taken. It was notable that blood pressure in patients during the study was normal. Treatment with atenolol or the combination appeared to improve exercise tests measured by time to onset of pain, time to ≥ 1 mm ST segment depression and duration. The ST segment depression was substantially lower on the fixed combination compared with atenolol alone; ST segment depression during exercise was recorded in 82% of patients after atenolol and 75% after the combination, compared with 100% on entry. There was a substantial improvement in the number of patients rendered pain free: 29% on atenolol and 42% on combination. There was little difference between treatments in terms of adverse effects. This interim report, which awaits statistical analysis, appears to suggest additional benefit from combining nifedipine with atenolol compared with atenolol alone in the treatment of stable angina pectoris.
- Published
- 1988
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42. Volatile fatty acids as indicators of process imbalance in anaerobic digestors
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Ahring, B., Sandberg, M., and Angelidaki, I.
- Abstract
Abstract: In continuously stirred tank reactor experiments, with manure as substrate at thermophilic temperatures, the use of volatile fatty acids (VFA) as process indicators was investigated. Changes in VFA level were shown to be a good parameter for indicating process instability. The VFA were evaluated according to their relative changes caused by changes in hydraulic loading, organic loading or temperature. Butyrate and isobutyrate together were found to be particularly good indicators. Butyrate and isobutyrate concentrations increased significantly 1 or 2 days after the imposed perturbation, which makes these acids suitable for process monitoring and important for process control of the anaerobic biological system. In addition it was shown in a batch experiment that VFA at concentrations up to 50 mM did not reduce the overall methane production rate. This showed that VFA accumulation in anaerobic reactors was the result of process imbalance, not the cause of inhibition, thus justifying the use of VFA as process indicators.
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- 1995
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43. Anaerobic treatment of fish meal process waste-water in a UASB reactor at high pH
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Sandberg, M. and Ahring, B. K.
- Abstract
The influence of high pH on anaerobic degradation of fish process waste-water with a high total ammonia concentration was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. More than 99% of volatile fatty acids and trimethylamine in the process waste-water were degraded up to pH 7.9. Above pH 7.9 only the conversion of acetate was slightly decreased. At pH 8.3 serious disintegration of the granules occurred leading to process failure. Increasing the pH changed the physical characteristics of the granules leading to decreased density, size, and volatile solids content. After 4 months of acclimatization to high pH in the reactor, the specific methanogenic activity of the granular biomass was the same from pH 7.1 to 8.5. At pH 8.3 and 8.5, acclimatization had improved the specific activity by 25 and 50%, respectively. However, the acclimatized biomass generally showed a decreased activity (60%) at all pH values tested below the acclimatization pH.
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- 1992
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44. Stage-specific expression of nucleoprotein mRNAs during rat and mouse spermiogenesis
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Mali, P, Kaipia, A, Kangasniemi, M, Toppari, J, Sandberg, M, Hecht, NB, and Parvinen, M
- Abstract
The expression of mRNAs for a transition protein (TP1) and two variants of protamines (P1 and P2) during rat and mouse spermiogenesis was investigated using cDNA hybridization techniques. Slot-blot analyses from 1-mm segments of seminiferous tubules and in situ hybridization from testis sections showed that the levels of mRNA for TP1 increased in step-7 round spermatids at substage VIIb of the seminiferous epithelial cycle, earlier than that of P1 and P2 at substage VIIc. The mRNA levels of all transcripts remained high during steps 8-13 in both species. In the rat, the mRNA of TP1 disappeared during step 14 between substages XIVa and XIVb. The P1 mRNA levels decreased during steps 15-16 (stages I-III) and the P2 mRNA during step 15 (stage I). In the mouse, TP1 mRNA disappeared during step 13 (stage I). The P1 mRNA level decreased before P2 in step 14 (stage II), whereas P2 was detected up to step 15 (stage V). Northern-blot analyses with all three cDNA probes revealed two sizes of mRNA and their stage-specific expression. The shorter transcripts appeared later than the longer ones, at the steps of spermiogenesis where translation is known to begin. The results suggest that transcription of TP1, P1, and P2 mRNAs starts at specifically defined times during spermiogenesis and that the temporal translational regulation of these mRNAs is different.
- Published
- 1989
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45. Characterization of LMP-1's association with TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3
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Sandberg, M, Hammerschmidt, W, and Sugden, B
- Abstract
The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the immortalizing activity of EBV in primary, human B lymphocytes. LMP-1 is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it influences signaling pathways of infected cells. LMP-1 has been found to associate with members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family of proteins. As with LMP-1, the TRAF molecules have been shown to participate in cell signaling pathways. We have characterized and mapped in detail a region of LMP-1 that associates with TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3. TRAF3 alone associates with LMP-1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay, whereas all three TRAF molecules associate with LMP-1 under various conditions when they are assayed in extracts of human cells. TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 appear to associate independently with LMP-1 but bind an overlapping target site. TRAF3 associates with LMP-1 most avidly and can compete with TRAF1 and TRAF2 for binding to LMP-1. TRAF2 associates with truncated derivatives of the carboxy terminus of LMP-1 more efficiently than with the intact terminus, indicating that LMP-1's conformation may regulate its association with TRAF2. Finally, point mutations that decrease LMP-1's association with the three TRAF molecules to 3 to 20% of wild-type levels do not detectably affect otherwise intact LMP-1's induction of NF-kappaB activity. Therefore, these associations are not necessary for the majority of intact LMP-1's induction of this signaling pathway.
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- 1997
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46. Ischemic Damage in Hippocampal CA1 is Dependent on Glutamate Release and Intact Innervation from CA3
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Benveniste, H., Jørgensen, M. B., Sandberg, M., Christensen, T., Hagberg, H., and Diemer, N. H.
- Abstract
The removal of glutamatergic afferents to CA1 by destruction of the CA3 region is known to protect CA1 pyramidal cells against 10 min of transient global ischemia. To investigate further the pathogenetic significance of glutamate, we measured the release of glutamate in intact and CA3-lesioned CA1 hippocampal tissue. In intact CA1 hippocampal tissue, glutamate increased sixfold during ischemia; in the CA3-lesioned CA1 region, however, glutamate only increased 1.4-fold during ischemia. To assess the neurotoxic potential of the ischemia-induced release of glutamate, we injected the same concentration of glutamate into the CA1 region as is released during ischemia in normal, CA3-lesioned, and ischemic CA1 tissue. We found that this particular concentration of glutamate was sufficient to destroy CA1 pyramids in the vicinity of the injection site in intact and CA3-lesioned CA1 tissue when administered during control (non-ischemic) conditions. In contrast, the same amount injected during ischemia in the CA3-lesioned CA1 region destroyed pyramidal cells in a widely distributed zone around the injection site in the CA1 region. It is concluded that the ischemia-induced damage of pyramidal cells in CA1 is dependent on glutamate release and intact innervation from CA3.
- Published
- 1989
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47. Cyclic voltammetry of S-sulfocysteine at a gold + mercury amalgam electrode and application to dual electrode electrochemical detection
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Xia, W., Woltman, S. J., Sandberg, M., and Weber, S. G.
- Published
- 1997
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48. Brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia in newborn rats: relationship to extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids and cysteine
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Puka-Sundvall, M., Sandberg, M., and Hagberg, H.
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- 1997
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49. Neurotoxicity of cysteine: interaction with glutamate
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Puka-Sundvall, M., Eriksson, P., Nilsson, M., Sandberg, M., and Lehmann, A.
- Abstract
l-Cysteine produces excitotoxic brain damage but its chemical structure differs from that of other excitotoxins. Although it is an NMDAmimetic, its mode of action is complex and may encompass antiexcitotoxic components. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether cysteine kills neurons by potentiating the effects of glutamate and/or by releasing glutamate. In primary cultures of cortical neurons, 24 h of exposure to glutamate caused a concentration-dependent, dizocilpine-sensitive cell death as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase. Cysteine was also toxic but higher concentrations were required. In addition, N-acetylcysteine produced mild toxicity at 1 mM. There was no general potentiation between either glutamate and cysteine or glutamate and N-acetylcysteine although some combinations acted synergistically. In no case did the thiols inhibit glutamate toxicity. The interaction between glutamate and cysteine toxicity was also assessed in the immature rat arcuate nucleus in vivo. When given at a dose (0.5 mg/g) that did not cause any toxicity per se, cysteine enhanced the toxicity of glutamate (0.3–0.8 mg/g). Cortical microdialysis was carried out in anesthetized rats (8–10 days old) administered a toxic dose of cysteine (1 mg/g). The levels of taurine were elevated 15-fold, phosphoethanolamine 3-fold and alanine 2-fold. Despite the observation that glutamine decreased markedly and rapidly, there was only a delayed doubling of glutamate concentrations. It is therefore unlikely that cysteine induces neurotoxicity by releasing glutamate. Taken together, the results suggest that there is a synergistic effect between cysteine and glutamate. Speculatively, this potentiation may be produced by reduction by cysteine of the redox site of the glutamate-activated NMDA receptor-ionophore complex.
- Published
- 1995
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50. Localization of types I, II, and III collagen mRNAs in developing human skeletal tissues by in situ hybridization
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Sandberg, M and Vuorio, E
- Abstract
Paraffin sections of human skeletal tissues were studied in order to identify cells responsible for production of types I, II, and III collagens by in situ hybridization. Northern hybridization and sequence information were used to select restriction fragments of cDNA clones for the corresponding mRNAs to obtain probes with a minimum of cross-hybridization. The specificity of the probes was proven in hybridizations to sections of developing fingers: osteoblasts and chondrocytes, known to produce only one type of fibrillar collagen each (I and II, respectively) were only recognized by the corresponding cDNA probes. Smooth connective tissues exhibited variable hybridization intensities with types I and III collagen cDNA probes. The technique was used to localize the activity of type II collagen production in the different zones of cartilage during the growth of long bones. Visual inspection and grain counting revealed the highest levels of pro alpha 1(II) collagen mRNAs in chondrocytes of the lower proliferative and upper hypertrophic zones of the growth plate cartilage. This finding was confirmed by Northern blotting of RNAs isolated from epiphyseal (resting) cartilage and from growth zone cartilage. Analysis of the osseochondral junction revealed virtually no overlap between hybridization patterns obtained with probes specific for type I and type II collagen mRNAs. Only a fraction of the chondrocytes in the degenerative zone were recognized by the pro alpha 1(II) collagen cDNA probe, and none by the type I collagen cDNA probe. In the mineralizing zone virtually all cells were recognized by the type I collagen cDNA probe, but only very few scattered cells appeared to contain type II collagen mRNA. These data indicate that in situ hybridization is a valuable tool for identification of connective tissue cells which are actively producing different types of collagens at the various stages of development, differentiation, and growth.
- Published
- 1987
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