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Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue and it is even more daunting in developing countries. The main objective of present study was to investigate molecular responses of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The 48 bacterial strains, which were previously isolated and identified were subjected to disc diffusion and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) determination, followed by investigating the production of the three beta-lactamases (ESBLs (Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases), MBLs (Metallo Beta-lactamases), AmpCs) and exploring prevalence of the two antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs); blaTEMand qnrS. Higher MIC values were observed for penicillin(s) than that for fluoroquinolones (ampicillin > amoxicillin > ofloxacin > ciprofloxacin > levofloxacin). Resistance rates were high (58–89%) for all of the tested beta-lactams. Among the tested strains, 5 were ESBL producers (4 Aeromonasspp. and 1 Escherichiasp.), 2 were MBL producers (1 Stenotrophomonassp. and 1 Citrobactersp.) and 3 were AmpC producers (2 Pseudomonasspp. and 1 Morganellasp.). The ARGs qnrS2and blaTEMwere detected in Aeromonasspp. and Escherichiasp. The results highlighted the role of Aeromonasas a vector. The study reports bacteria of multidrug resistance nature in the wastewater environment of Pakistan, which harbor ARGs of clinical relevance and could present a public health concern.

AbstractThe present study reports the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh (D) factor among the Sunni Muslim population of Jaunpur (Uttar Pradesh), north India. The percentage of A (30.5%), B (30%), O (28%) and AB (11.5%) groups and the frequencies of O, Aand Balleles were found to be (0.5270, 0.2381, and 0.235, respectively) were similar to previously reported data on ABO system from Jaunpur. The percentage of Rh-positive and Rhnegative individuals is 97% and 3%, respectively.

A variety of important hydroxy‐functionalized classes of compounds is prepared under microwave‐assisted conditions.

Allylic oxidation of styrene derivatives (I) and (IV) with DDQ provides the corresponding cinnamaldehyde intermediates which subsequently undergo SOCl2‐mediated condensation with acetophenone derivatives (II) and (V) to give dienones (III) and (VI), respectively.