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Different regions in Foggy images have different contrast attenuations. This paper presented a defogging algorithm based on Statistical Region Merging. Firstly, we segmented the image by Mean Shift; Secondly, we merged these divided regions through Statistical Region Merging; Finally, we enhanced the contrast of different regions by Dynamic Segmentation Histogram Equalization contrast enhancement. The experimental results show that our defogging method is more effective than other methods.

Port surveillance videos are degraded seriously in foggy conditions. This paper presented a clearness algorithm based on wavelet packet decomposition. Firstly, we extracted the background image from degraded videos and established the updated model; Secondly, we detected the moving objects as foreground images; Thirdly, we defogged these images based on wavelet packet decomposition; Finally, we fused the background and foreground images together. The experimental results show that our method is more effective.

Instruction traces are essential for dynamic analysis in reverse engineering. Code in instruction traces is often obfuscated to hinder analysts from understanding and analyzing in malware and binaries that protected by packers. Non-returning calls and call-stack tampering are two typical kinds of such obfuscation. We propose a deobfuscation approach to fight against these two kinds of obfuscated code. We first apply static analysis on instruction traces to identify obfuscated code. Then we transform obfuscated code into semantically equivalent instructions to make the code be easy to understand. Evaluations results on some packed binaries indicate that our approach works well in deobfuscate instruction traces with non-returning calls and call-stack tampering in high precision.

Software testing run through the entire software development cycle, which consumes more than 50% of the development and maintenance effort. Fault localization is the most difficult and time-consuming task in software testing. Aimed at locating faults automatically in software, fault localization approach locates faults by running suitable test cases, so the quality of the test cases determines the effectiveness of fault localization. Therefore, the studies on test cases reduction approach for fault localization, automated fault-localization approach with high error-detection ability, and fault comprehension approach to help programmers understand the reason why a faulty statement cause failures have great significance for software testing and development. In this paper, the test cases reduction, fault localization, fault comprehension methods and their limitations are analyzed and summarized, and the future developing trend are discussed at last.

n order to enhance the organization and management efficiency of multi-source heterogeneous data in the collection process for urban ambient air quality monitoring, according to the analysis of the limitations, the existing methods and the features of data collected, a new kind of multi-sensor and multi-level information fusion approach based on vague sets is proposed. The approach takes full advantage of the redundancy and complementarities from inter-level information to achieve the purpose of information integration. The mathematical description of vague sets based on the multi-sensor information fusion is defined and the corresponding model is developed in which the data organization and the monitoring method and the implementation of the hierarchical algorithm are discussed. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to a computing system of the ambient air quality monitoring. The study of this approach can supply scientific accordance for comprehensive monitoring of urban ambient air quality.

Feature selection is an preprocessing step in pattern analysis and machine learning. In this paper, we design a algorithm for feature subset. We present L1-norm regularization technique for sparse feature weight. Margin loss are introduced to evaluate features, and we employs gradient descent to search the optimal solution to maximize margin. The proposed technique is tested on UCI data sets. Compared with four margin based loss functions for SVM, the proposed technique is effective and efficient.

This paper presents a track-before-detect (TBD) algorithm for detection of unknown quantity of targets with parabolic tracks. First, eliminate large number of clutters orderly by expanded trellis and the method of mean power. And then get candidate parabolas by Randomized Hough Transform (RHT). The true tracks of the targets are extracted successfully by a strategy of outliers eliminating at last. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of detecting multiple targets without the assumptions of an upper bound to the number of targets.

TiO2 nanocrystalline powders with high specific area were prepared using urea as the template by the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption isotherms, and transmission electron microscopy. Urea plays a key role in the preparation process of TiO2 nanocrystalline powders. Large amounts of small urea aggregates were formed in the sol-gel process and decomposed during the calcination process, which results in the formation of large amounts of mesopores. Urea also inhibits the agglomeration and growth of the TiO2 nanoparticle, which facilitates the preparation of a TiO2 powder with smaller nanocrystal size. The above effects of urea may be the main reason of the as-prepared sample with very high specific surface area.

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ABSTRACTWe tested the activity of ETX0914 against 187 Neisseria gonorrhoeaeisolates from men with urethritis in Nanjing, China, in 2013. The MIC50, MIC90, and MIC range for ETX0914 were 0.03 μg/ml, 0.06 μg/ml, and ≤0.002 to 0.125 μg/ml, respectively. All isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 36.9% (69/187) were resistant to azithromycin. Of the isolates, 46.5% were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae(PPNG), 36% were tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae(TRNG), and 13% (24 isolates) had an MIC of 0.125 μg/ml for ceftriaxone. ETX0914 may be an effective treatment option for gonorrhea.

Sialylation of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) extending from heptose I (HepI) of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) contributes to pathogenesis. Previously, gonococcal LOS sialyltransterase (Lst) was shown to sialylate LOS in Triton X-100 extracts of strain 15253, which expresses lactose from both HepI and HepII, the minimal structure required for monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2C7 binding.

ABSTRACTAzithromycin resistance (AZM-R) of Neisseria gonorrhoeaeis emerging as a clinical and public health challenge. We determined molecular characteristics of recent AZM-R Nanjing gonococcal isolates and tracked the emergence of AZM-R isolates in eastern Chinese cities in recent years. A total of 384 N. gonorrhoeaeisolates from Nanjing collected from 2013 to 2014 were tested for susceptibility to AZM and six additional antibiotics; all AZM-R strains were characterized genetically for resistance determinants by sequencing and were genotyped using N. gonorrhoeaemultiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). Among the 384 isolates, 124 (32.3%) were AZM-R. High-level resistance (MIC, ≥256 mg/liter) was present in 10.4% (40/384) of isolates, all of which possessed the A2143G mutation in all four 23S rRNA alleles. Low- to mid-level resistance (MIC, 1 to 64 mg/liter) was present in 21.9% (84/384) of isolates, 59.5% of which possessed the C2599T mutation in all four 23S rRNA alleles. The 124 AZM-R isolates were distributed in 71 different NG-MAST sequence types (STs). ST1866 was the most prevalent type in high-level AZM-R (HL-AZM-R) isolates (45% [18/40]). This study, together with previous reports, revealed that the prevalence of AZM-R in N. gonorrhoeaeisolates in certain eastern Chinese cities has risen >4-fold (7% to 32%) from 2008 to 2014. The principal mechanisms of AZM resistance in recent Nanjing isolates were A2143G mutations (high-level resistance) and C2599T mutations (low- to mid-level resistance) in the 23S rRNA alleles. Characterization of NG-MAST STs and phylogenetic analysis indicated the genetic diversity of N. gonorrhoeaein Nanjing; however, ST1866 was the dominant genotype associated with HL-AZM-R isolates.

Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among infected men and their female sex partners was examined using a design enhancing the likelihood that spread was directed from men to women. Chlamydia culture-negative specimens were examined using DNA amplification tests. Infection rates in women exposed to male sex partners with Chlamydia only were 65% (20/31) and with gonorrhea only were 73% (33/45). Infection of women by either agent was not influenced by the number of sexual exposures to or coinfection in men. There was a 98% (40/41) concordance of N. gonorrhoeae isolates among partners by auxotype and serovar. Chlamydia isolates were serotyped using ELISA and immunofluores-cence testing and confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction: 50% (6/12) of men and 57% (8/14) of women yielded mixed serovars. Sixty-four percent of pairs (9/14) were infected with identical serovars and an additional 28% shared at least one serovar. Multiple serovars of C. trachomatis, but not of N. gonorrhoeae, were common in sex partners and exchanged frequently.