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A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Science & Technology Liaoning in Anshan, China, explored the relationship between skin color and color vision. The researchers found that the measured skin spectral reflectance from different body positions and ethnic groups exhibited distinct V and W shapes. These shapes were different from those generated by a physical model and did not exist in artificial skin color. Additionally, the study revealed variations in skin spectral reflectance among different body positions and ethnic groups. The findings of this research have implications for improving the physical model for generating skin spectral reflectance, identifying human skin color from spectral imaging, and rendering human skin color in computer graphics. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have conducted a study on blood proteins and burn injuries in rats. They used a method called Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Imaging (DRSI) to monitor various hemoglobin parameters in a rat scald burn wound model. The study found that the method was reliable for monitoring hemoglobin derivatives and showed promise in differentiating the degree of burn injury. The research concluded that tissue oxygen saturation, methemoglobin saturation, and total hemoglobin concentration could be used to differentiate the degree of burn injury. [Extracted from the article]

The availability of freshwater is a growing concern throughout the world as it is an increasingly valuable and limited resource. Alternative water resources such as recycled water low in quality and high in salinity are now frequently used to irrigate turfgrass. However, irrigating with highly saline water can affect the growth, performance, appearance, and quality of turfgrass. Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is the most commonly used turfgrass throughout the southern United States. In this study, the spectral reflectance and visual response of 'Riviera' common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) were evaluated by consecutively irrigating with 12 salinity concentrations (4-48 dS.m-1) in increments of 4 dS.m-1 via manual overhead irrigation for 30 days. The experiment was replicated in time in a controlled environment with four replications for each salinity treatment and control. 'Riviera' maintained a leaf firing (LF) value above 5 (rated on a scale from 1 to 9) when irrigated with 28 dS.m-1 for 30 days. Also, the LF value did not fall below 2 when irrigated with a salinity concentration of 48 dS.m-1 for 30 days, suggesting high salinity tolerance of 'Riviera'. However, in this study, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) had a lower ability to detect the increase in salinity stress due to the limited area measured by the NDVI measuring device used. An increase in sodium ion concentration was observed in the shoot with increasing salinity concentrations. The NDVI was highly correlated (r = 0.93) to LF, indicating the usefulness of NDVI as a tool to measure the magnitude of salinity stress. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the data showed a linear response to salinity stress with LF (r2 = 0.86) and NDVI (r2 = 0.76) decreasing linearly as the salinity concentration and days of treatment increased. This study provides an accurate depiction of the spectral and visual responses of 'Riviera' when exposed to multiple salinity concentrations with narrow increments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of freshwater is a growing concern throughout the world as it is an increasingly valuable and limited resource. Alternative water resources such as recycled water low in quality and high in salinity are now frequently used to irrigate turfgrass. However, irrigating with highly saline water can affect the growth, performance, appearance, and quality of turfgrass. Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is the most commonly used turfgrass throughout the southern United States. In this study, the spectral reflectance and visual response of 'Riviera' common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) were evaluated by consecutively irrigating with 12 salinity concentrations (4-48 dS·mL-1) in increments of 4 dS·mL-1 via manual overhead irrigation for 30 days. The experiment was replicated in time in a controlled environment with four replications for each salinity treatment and control. 'Riviera' maintained a leaf firing (LF) value above 5 (rated on a scale from 1 to 9) when irrigated with 28 dS·mL-1 for 30 days. Also, the LF value did not fall below 2 when irrigated with a salinity concentration of 48 dS·mL-1 for 30 days, suggesting high salinity tolerance of 'Riviera'. However, in this study, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) had a lower ability to detect the increase in salinity stress due to the limited area measured by the NDVI measuring device used. An increase in sodium ion concentration was observed in the shoot with increasing salinity concentrations. The NDVI was highly correlated (r = 0.93) to LF, indicating the usefulness of NDVI as a tool to measure the magnitude of salinity stress. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the data showed a linear response to salinity stress with LF (r² = 0.86) and NDVI (r² = 0.76) decreasing linearly as the salinity concentration and days of treatment increased. This study provides an accurate depiction of the spectral and visual responses of 'Riviera' when exposed to multiple salinity concentrations with narrow increments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Chemometric; Emerging Technologies; Engineering; Food Engineering; Machine Learning EN Chemometric Emerging Technologies Engineering Food Engineering Machine Learning 108 108 1 10/16/23 20231019 NES 231019 2023 OCT 19 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- Investigators publish new report on food engineering. Chemometric, Emerging Technologies, Engineering, Food Engineering, Machine Learning. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Due to the redundancy of imaging systems, multispectral and panchromatic images are of higher spatial resolutions and characterized by different attributes, and are often fused together for accurate land-cover mapping. In this work, we propose a novel framework via adaptive multi-scale convolutional neural networks and perceptual loss function for multispectral and panchromatic images classification. In the proposed scheme, adaptive multi-scale convolutional neural networks are designed to capture the scale information of objects adaptively. And perceptual loss function is constructed via non-local spectral and structural similarities to suppress the interference of unbalanced illumination and speckle noises. A corresponding iteration optimization algorithm is presented to solve the proposed perceptual loss function. Experimental results conducted on three datasets indicate that the proposed framework performs better than the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a new method for evaluating cosmetic powders for their soft-focus effect, which helps to make fine lines and wrinkles on skin appear blurred. The evaluation conducted using a multi-angle spectrophotometer measured the properties of the powders including reflectance spectra, specular reflection, and refractive index.

The article offers the reviews of High resolution lineshape spectra and ultra sensitive noise analyzers for narrowband lasers from LWA-1k Series.

Charle said that eventually Imec wants to integrate SWIR sensors on its CMOS processes, similar to what it has done with its chips on CMOS in the visible and NIR range. @electrooptics | www.electrooptics.com 26 Electro Optics March 2021 FEATURE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING Greg Blackman looks at how SWIR spectral imaging can help reduce plastic pollution, both through environmental surveys and by improving sorting in recycling plants O ur reliance on plastic is putting enormous strain on our oceans and rivers. 'There is a clear absorption valley in the SWIR range caused by water, so a SWIR camera can be used to do a quality inspection on the incoming paper and measure the water content', explained Charle. Each of Imec's SWIR hyperspectral sensors undergo a characterisation stage, where the sensor is tested to see how it responds to light for each nanometre in the SWIR range, 1,000 to 1,700nm. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents information on an integrated approach to monitor the stress level of an individual street tree or of trees in parks. The topics discussed includes technique of spectral reflectance of tree foliage to monitor stress level, advantages of this integrated approach, and case studies of trees to understand their stress level using spectral reflectance.

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "Coloured (A2P1) and uncoloured (WHITE) zirconia materials show both similarities and discrepancies in behaviour, i.e. spectral reflectance and DE. Keywords: Dentistry; Health and Medicine; Technology EN Dentistry Health and Medicine Technology 5227 5227 1 04/03/23 20230407 NES 230407 2023 APR 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Researchers detail new data in dentistry. [Extracted from the article]

Quantitative spectral reflectance data have the potential to improve the evaluation of turfgrasses in variety trials when management practices are factors in the testing of turf aesthetics and functionality. However, the practical application of this methodology has not been well developed. The objectives of this research were 1) to establish a relationship between spectral reflectance and turfgrass quality (TQ) and percent green cover (PGC) using selected reference plots; 2) to compare aesthetic performance (TQ, PGC, and vegetation indices) and functional performance (surface firmness); and 3) to evaluate lignin content as an alternate means to predict surface firmness in turfgrass variety trials of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis]. A field study was conducted on mature stands of three varieties ('TifTuf', 'TifSport', and 'Tifway') and two experimental lines (04-47 and 04-76) at two mowing heights (0.5 and 1.5 inch) and trinexapac-ethyl application (0.15 kg·ha−1 and nontreated control) treatments. Aesthetic performance was estimated by vegetation indices, spectral reflectance, visual TQ, and PGC. The functional performance of each variety/line was measured through surface firmness and fiber analysis. Regression analyses were similar when using only reference plots or all the plots to determine the relationship between individual aesthetic characteristics. Experimental line 04-47 had lower density in Apr. 2010, whereas varieties 'TifTuf', 'TifSport', and 'Tifway' were in the top statistical group for aesthetic performance when differences were found. 'TifSport' and 'Tifway' produced the firmest surfaces, followed by 'TifTuf', and finally 04-76 and 04-47, which provided the least firm surface. Results of leaf fiber analysis were not correlated with turf surface firmness. This study indicates that incorporating quantitative measures of spectral reflectance could reduce time and improve precision of data collection as long as reference plots with adequate range of green cover are present in the trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords for this news article include: College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, Asia, Food Science, Food Research. Keywords: Food Research; Food Science EN Food Research Food Science 220 220 1 03/27/23 20230330 NES 230330 2023 MAR 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- Investigators publish new report on food science. [Extracted from the article]

The uniform asymptotic approximation method provides a powerful, systematically improved, and error-controlled approach to construct accurate analytical approximate solutions of mode functions of perturbations of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, designed especially for the cases where the relativistic linear dispersion relation is modified after gravitational quantum effects are taken into account. These include models from string/M Theory, loop quantum cosmology and Horava-Lifshitz quantum gravity. In this paper, we extend our previous studies of the first-order approximations to high orders for the cases where the modified dispersion relation (linear or nonlinear) has only one turning point (or zero). We obtain the general expressions for the power spectra and spectral indices of both scalar and tensor perturbations up to the third order, at which the error bounds are <=0.15%. As an application of these formulas, we calculate the power spectra and spectral indices in the slow-roll inflation with a nonlinear power-law dispersion relation. To check the consistency of our formulas, we further restrict ourselves to the relativistic case, and calculate the corresponding power spectra, spectral indices and runnings to the second order. Then, we compare our results with the ones obtained by the Green function method and show explicitly that the results obtained by these two different methods are consistent within the allowed errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that World Health Organization (WHO) found that one in 10 medicines in low- and middle-income countries are estimated to be substandard or falsified. Topics include scattered radiation is detected to gather information on the product under interrogation; and Bristol-Myers Squibb team of scientists has demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging in the visible and near-IR (VNIR), as well as Raman spectroscopy, different types of counterfeit drugs.

The article discusses the use of high-reflectivity, lowloss dielectric mirrored optics for intracavity applications such as gravitational wave detection, cavity-ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), and ring-laser gyroscopes (RLGs). It notes that dielectric mirrors are designed to achieve high reflectivity greater than 99.99%. However, it says that metallic mirrors are not well suited to applications where high sensitivity and high-precision measurements demand light loss in the part-per-million range.

The article offers the author's insights on the metamerism phenomenon, wherein two objects appear to be the same color under one light source, but look as two different colors beneath a second light source. The author states that the phenomenon happen due the appearance of the color of an object that is based on both the spectral distribution illuminating the object and the spectral reflectance of the object. He mentions that the phenomenon might sound like the Color Rendering Index (CRI).

The article focuses on the new technology that is related to the control of the polarization state of light. In the past, systems requiring polarization-controlling components were designed around materials such as crystals, stretched films, or tilted coatings. According to systems engineers, an alternate approach to traditional stretched-polymer is to introduce a C-plate retardance in combination with hybrid-liquid-crystal polymer.

The article presents information about an advanced optical device which will be used for a quantitative analysis of historic documents. The device, which is called quantitative hyperspectral Imager, measures optical reflectance spectra at millions of different points simultaneously. The device will help in measuring location-dependent differences in paper yellowing. The device has been developed by the researchers who are working with the National Archives of the Netherlands. The hyperspectral imager is based on two identical wavelength tunable light sources (TULIPS) and a monochromatic CCD camera. The document under investigation is illuminated by these TULIPS.

This article discusses the search for extraterrestrial life and the construction of a visible-wavelength telescope to search for planets similar to earth. It examines the way earth would appear if viewed by an extraterrestrial telescope. By imaging earth directly astronomers will be able to analyze earth's spectrum and conditions for habitability, and use this information to detect planets with similar characteristics.

The effects of the addition of various alloying elements (In, Sn, Zn) of up to 4 mass % on the optical properties of Au-Pt-Pd-based high noble dental alloys were investigated by means of spectrophotometric colourimetry. Spectral reflectance data from the mirror-polished flat samples were collected at 10 nm intervals in the wavelengths ranging from 360 nm to 740 nm under the CIE standard illuminant D65 and the observer of 10 degrees. Three dimensional colour coordinates in the CIE L ab and L Ch colour spaces were also obtained to specify the alloy colour. The alloying addition of a small amount of Sn and/or In increased the reflectance in the long-wavelength range and decreased the reflectance in the shortwavelength range. As a result, the maximum slope of the spectral reflectance curve at the absorption edge near 520 nm apparently increased with the additions of Sn and/or In. This change in shape of the spectral reflectance curve caused the increased chromaticity indices, a*, b*, and chroma, C*. On the other hand, the hue angle was not greatly affected by the alloying elements, with the exception of the alloy containing 4 mass % Sn showing a slightly lower hue angle. It was evidenced that in the single-phase structured alloys the average number of valence electrons per atom, e/a, in an alloy is a controlling factor of the colour of Au−Pt−Pd-based high noble dental alloys. That is, by increasing e/a-value, a*-, b*-, C*- coordinates systematically increased, giving a slight gold tinge to the parent Au-Pt-Pd alloy within the limitation that the structure of an alloy is a single phase. The addition of Sn of 2 mass % or more produced a small amount of the second phase of possible intermetallic compounds between Sn and Pd or Pt. The coexistence of a small amount of the second phase of possible intermetallic compounds further increased a gold tinge. However, the inclusion of 4 mass % Sn to the parent Au-Pt-Pd alloy gave a very light tint of red to the alloy. Results of the present study are expected to be useful in controlling colour of Au-Pt-Pd-based high noble dental alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral reflection in the wavebands between 600 and 1100 nm was tested for its ability to classify apples according to the presence of watercore and mealiness. A model developed by partial least squares (PLS) regression using four, 10 nm wide wavebands at 690, 700, 820, and 830 nm separated watercore and normal apples with an error of 4%. It was found that watercore could only be detected shortly after the apples were harvested. Classification of the watercore apples into slight, moderate, and severe categories may be possible if models are based on a higher number of samples. Mealy apples could be detected from normal and watercore apples in all cases using the reflectance in the 1020, 1040, 1050, and 1095 nm wavebands. Attempts to measure the degree of mealiness, based on spectral reflection, provided no useful results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a study which investigated the properties of the skin and the coat of cattle, water buffalo and deer with respect to solar shortwave radiation especially of interest to tropical regions. Materials and methods; Measurements of the hair coat surface in cattle and deer and their reflectance for the wavelength according to color; Analysis of the spectral reflectance of the hair coat in Pantanal deer and Simmental cattle.

The article presents questions and answers related to spectral reflectance including what is the use of spectral reflectance, what are the process of collecting data on spectral reflectance and background on the theory of using spectral reflectance.

The article offers information on the VUV-STS (vacuum ultraviolet spectral test system) from McPherson.

Features Ocean Optics Inc.'s Variable Angle Reflection Sampling System, a compact optomechanical device that couples to spectrometers and light sources to measure spectral reflectance of optical substrates.

The article offers brief information on the benchtop reflectance probe from Spectral Evolution.

Focuses on the spectral properties of spider silks. Capability of the silk to reflect ultraviolet light; Use of the property to lure insects to the webs; Factors affecting the evolution of spider web design.

Reports that a 2-m-diameter integrating sphere lined with Spectralon reflectance material will be used as part of the British National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, England facility for measuring the total flux of lamps in the ultraviolet. Advantages of the new line; Materials.