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The article focuses on the impact of empagliflozin on heart failure hospitalizations following acute myocardial infarction. Topics include the results of the EMPACT-MI trial; which found that empagliflozin reduced heart failure hospitalizations but did not impact mortality; the characteristics of patients in the trial; and the considerations for prescribing this drug based on its effectiveness and cost.

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA) is a life-threatening condition in cats that requires immediate medical attention. It is caused by decreased hepatic glucose production or enhanced urinary excretion of glucose. Veterinary professionals should obtain a complete drug history to identify whether a patient has been treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Diagnostic criteria for eDKA include relative euglycemia, acidosis, and ketosis. Treatment involves discontinuing SGLT2 inhibitors, providing regular insulin intravenous (IV) constant-rate infusion, providing dextrose supplementation, and appropriate fluid therapy. Monitoring and post-treatment care are also important for improving outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

David Morris details what nurses need to know when managing patients with diabetic kidney disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study that investigated the combination of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and its impact on cardiovascular events.

The article focuses on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of sotagliflozin, the first dual sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and 1 (SGLT2/1) inhibitor, for the treatment of cardiovascular death, heart failure, and other cardiovascular risks in adults with heart failure or type 2 diabetes mellitus. It mentions the potential advantages of sotagliflozin include SGLT1 inhibition and its effects on glucose absorption and hormone production.

The article discusses about Bexagliflozin tablets, marketed under the name Brenzavvy, are a new medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which works by inhibiting the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, which reduces glucose reabsorption and leads to increased excretion of glucose in the urine.

The article discusses a meta-analysis on the risk of nephrolithiasis associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, revealing a lower incidence of kidney stones in patients using these drugs compared to those receiving placebo or other active treatments. Topics include the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney stone formation, underlying mechanisms, and the need for further large-scale studies to confirm these findings.

A population-based cohort study examined the renal outcomes of combination therapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study found that the combination of SGLT2i and RASB resulted in better renal outcomes compared to the combination of RASB and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i). The benefits of the combination therapy were observed in terms of chronic kidney disease, advanced kidney failure, and initiation of long-term dialysis. However, the study has limitations, such as the lack of key clinical factors and limited generalizability beyond Taiwanese patients. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on liver diseases and conditions, specifically focusing on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). The study conducted a retrospective longitudinal observational study on the long-term effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on MASLD in Asian populations. The results showed that long-term SGLT2is treatment significantly reduced body weight, hemoglobin A1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Additionally, this treatment improved liver function and markers for hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis. The researchers suggest that long-term SGLT2is treatment may be an ideal therapy for MASLD patients. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on peritoneal dialysis, a renal replacement therapy modality. The study aimed to assess the effects and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on the preservation of residual kidney function (RKF) in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on peritoneal dialysis. The study included patients from the Peritoneal Dialysis Unit of the University General Hospital Ciudad Real in Spain. The results showed that the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors appeared to be safe and effective in preserving RKF in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, China, has investigated the effects of Empagliflozin therapy on obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). The researchers found that Empagliflozin treatment significantly improved kidney function and morphology in mice with high-fat diet-induced ORG. The study also revealed that the reno-protective effects of Empagliflozin were associated with alterations in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. These findings suggest that Empagliflozin may be a promising therapeutic approach for ORG. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH in Malaysia found that empagliflozin, a drug used to treat heart failure, is cost-effective for patients with ejection fraction (EF) greater than 40%. The study used a cost-utility analysis to estimate costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and found that empagliflozin was a cost-effective treatment option for the Malaysian population with heart failure. The researchers recommend that Malaysian healthcare providers consider this intervention to address the needs of patients with EF >40% and reduce the burden of heart failure. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical study being conducted in China on the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific therapy in patients with PAH. The study has specific eligibility criteria for participants, including age, diagnosis of PAH, and stable background oral therapy. The study is being conducted at two hospitals in China and is expected to be completed by December 2025. The document also includes contact information for the primary investigator. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai discusses the importance of addressing disparities in access to and utilization of disease-modifying therapies for cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. The research highlights the unequal distribution of conditions such as diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, and kidney disease, which contribute to cardiorenal disease. The review emphasizes the role of social determinants of health in cardiorenal risk factors and outlines potential strategies for achieving greater equity in the use of disease-modifying therapies. The researchers argue that a paradigm shift is necessary to achieve cardiorenal health equity through a commitment to prevention, detection, and treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Southwest Medical University in Luzhou, China, explored the potential antiarrhythmic effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias caused by myocardial infarction (MI). The study involved male nondiabetic Sprague-Dawley rats and found that empagliflozin treatment significantly improved various cardiac parameters, including left ventricular wall thickness and ejection fraction. Additionally, empagliflozin was found to decrease the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and other proteins associated with sympathetic remodeling. The study suggests that empagliflozin may reduce sympathetic activity and improve cardiac function and structural remodeling, thereby ameliorating ventricular arrhythmias in MI rats. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of California highlights the need to reduce kidney and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study focuses on the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as a potential treatment option for CKD. The researchers recommend the use of SGLT2 inhibitors as co-first-line therapy with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, and provide guidance on risk assessment and implementation of SGLT2 inhibitors in clinical practice. The study emphasizes the importance of education and awareness among healthcare providers and patients to dispel misconceptions about the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of Washington highlights the challenges and strategies involved in implementing novel kidney protective and cardioprotective therapies for patients with diabetes and kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 800 million people worldwide, with diabetes being a leading cause. Both diabetes and CKD are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The study emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach and active engagement of various stakeholders, including patients, healthcare providers, and system leaders, to successfully implement these therapies and improve overall health outcomes. The research concludes that effective implementation has the potential to ameliorate healthcare disparities. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Tokyo compared the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors on kidney function in older adults with diabetes. The study analyzed data from 6,354 older adults with diabetes who were newly initiated on either SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP4 inhibitors. The results showed that SGLT2 inhibitor users had a slower decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to DPP4 inhibitor users. This suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors may have potential advantages for kidney outcomes in older individuals with diabetes. The study was published in Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation and was supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust discusses the relationship between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). PsA is an inflammatory joint and entheseal disease that affects about 20% of people with psoriasis. MetS is frequently associated with PsA and both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation. The report highlights the prevalence, pathogenesis, prognosis, treatment interactions, and future therapeutic options for MetS in PsA. It suggests that weight loss interventions may reduce disease activity in PsA and recommends further investigation into novel therapies for weight loss as potential adjuncts to disease-modifying therapies for PsA and MetS. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Chang Gung University College of Medicine in Taiwan explored the effects of empagliflozin, a medication used to treat diabetes, on apoptosis (cell death) and mitochondria fragmentation in H9C2 cells. The study found that exposure to high-glucose conditions decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis, but empagliflozin was able to reverse these effects. Additionally, the study observed that empagliflozin reduced mitochondria fragmentation and decreased the expression of fission proteins. The researchers concluded that empagliflozin could reverse the calcium-dependent activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway, which caused mitochondria fragmentation in H9C2 cells. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, discusses the efficacy of empagliflozin combined with sacubitril/valsartan in treating hypertensive patients with heart failure. The retrospective study included 101 patients and compared the effects of the combined treatment with sacubitril/valsartan alone. The study found that the combined treatment resulted in a higher total effective rate, reductions in blood pressure variability, improvements in cardiac function, and no significant difference in adverse reactions compared to the control group. The research concludes that empagliflozin combined with sacubitril/valsartan enhances treatment efficacy, improves cardiac function and blood pressure variability, and is safe for hypertensive patients with heart failure. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine in Rochester, Minnesota, explored the effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The study found that treatment with dapagliflozin for 24 weeks improved pulmonary vascular load and enhanced dynamic right ventricular-pulmonary vascular interaction during exercise in patients with HFpEF. These findings suggest that the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFpEF may be partially attributed to their effects on right ventricular-pulmonary vascular coupling. The study was funded by AstraZeneca, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the United States Department of Defense. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University explores the potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, originally developed for diabetes management, in treating cognitive impairment. The study suggests that these inhibitors may have multifaceted effects on the nervous system, including reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, decreasing amyloid burdens, enhancing neuronal plasticity, and improving cerebral glucose utilization. However, the researchers also acknowledge the need for further comprehensive research to fully understand the therapeutic potential of SGLT2 inhibitors for cognitive treatment. The study proposes research gaps to encourage further investigation in this area. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the upcoming Advisory Committee Meeting for Zynquista (sotagliflozin), which is scheduled to be reviewed by the FDA's Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee on October 31, 2024. Topics include the Prescription Drug User Fee Act date of December 20, 2024, for sotagliflozin, its role as an adjunct to insulin in managing type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and its previous approval and market performance of Inpefa.

The article discusses a study on the efficacy and safety of co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (CagriSema) 1.0 mg/1.0 mg s.c. once weekly versus Tirzepatide 5 mg s.c. once weekly in participants with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on Metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, or both, conducted by Novo Nordisk A/S. Topics include the trial design and intervention methods, the primary and secondary outcome measures, and the recruitment status and eligibility criteria.

The article offers information on the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac mechanics in Hispanic and Black diabetic patients. Topics discussed include improvements in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and cardiac mass; the association of glycemic control with cardiac remodeling; and the need for further research to understand differences in SGLT2 inhibitor effects across populations.

The article offers information on managing blood glucose levels in acute stroke patients using various treatments. Topics discussed include the effectiveness of a 40 per cent carbohydrate diet combined with SGLT2 inhibitors; comparisons of glucose control methods over different time periods; and the safety and efficacy of these approaches in achieving target fasting blood glucose levels.

The article discusses research by Victor Babes University of Medicine & Pharmacy Timisoara and reported in the Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry issue on August 19, 2024.Topics include the impact of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin on oxidative stress and MAO expression in overweight, non-diabetic cardiac patients, the influence of angiotensin 2 and high glucose on these markers, and the potential off-target benefits of SGLT2i for cardiac oxidative stress management.

The article examines the effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin in mitigating cardiomyocyte injury induced by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Topics discussed include dapagliflozin's role in protecting cardiomyocytes from hypoxia, the involvement of the sirtuin (SIRT) family in this protective effect, and the potential for SGLT2 inhibitors in treating heart disease by modulating apoptosis-related signaling pathways.

A study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University explored the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on early tubular injury biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria. The study involved 54 patients who were divided into an intervention group (empagliflozin) and a control group. After 6 weeks of treatment, the intervention group showed significant improvements in various biomarkers, including blood glucose levels, cholesterol levels, and renal function indicators. The study suggests that empagliflozin may have potential as a therapeutic approach for early tubular protection in type 2 diabetes patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital discusses the case of a patient who experienced severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) after taking empagliflozin and probenecid together. The researchers suggest that the co-administration of these medications may have led to a pharmacokinetic interaction that reduced the elimination of ketone bodies, potentially causing the DKA. They recommend caution when prescribing sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors alongside medications that inhibit or compete with proximal tubular organic anion transporters in patients with diabetes mellitus. This research provides valuable insights into the potential risks associated with certain drug combinations for individuals with diabetes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Cairo University explores the potential renoprotective effects of the anti-diabetic drug empagliflozin (EMPA) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. The study suggests that EMPA may protect against MTX-induced toxicity by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. The researchers found that EMPA treatment improved various parameters related to nephrotoxicity, such as serum creatinine levels and renal microarchitecture, and this improvement was correlated with increased AMPK phosphorylation and Nrf2 expression. The study highlights the potential of EMPA as a protective agent against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial is being conducted in Taiwan to investigate the effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with acute kidney disease (AKD). The trial aims to determine if these drugs can prevent AKI and improve outcomes for AKD patients by reducing protein in the urine and improving kidney health. The study will include AKD patients with and without diabetes and will be randomized and placebo-controlled. The goal is to provide strong evidence on the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors as a treatment for AKD, potentially offering a new strategy to prevent the progression from AKI to CKD and improve the health and outcomes of patients with kidney disease. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Odisha, India, focused on the clinical management of Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with renal disease. The study examined the effectiveness of a selective combination of SGLT2 inhibitor and DPP4 inhibitor as a first-line therapy when metformin is removed from the treatment regimen. The researchers found that SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP4 inhibitors are safer drugs compared to metformin in treating diabetic kidney disease. However, the study suggests that monotherapy drugs may not yield the expected results, and further research is needed to explore sex-specific therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University Health Network in Toronto aimed to compare the efficacy of finerenone and canagliflozin in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study used patient-level data from two randomized controlled trials of finerenone and aggregated data from a canagliflozin trial. The results showed no statistically significant differences in efficacy between finerenone and canagliflozin for the treatment of CKD in patients with T2D. This study provides valuable insights into the comparative effectiveness of these two drugs. [Extracted from the article]

A recent literature review conducted by researchers at Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie explores the potential of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as a treatment option for Alport syndrome (AS), a hereditary kidney disorder. The review suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and delay end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in AS patients. However, it also highlights the importance of monitoring and evaluating the treatment course due to potential safety concerns. The findings contribute to the growing evidence that SGLT2 inhibitors could become a future standard of care for glomerular kidney diseases like AS, and further research is needed to investigate their earlier use and long-term outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2i) have been shown to have significant benefits in the treatment of heart failure. However, the specific pharmacologic target of SGLT2i is still unclear. This study demonstrates that SGLT2i directly activate pantothenate kinase 1 (PANK1), an enzyme involved in the conversion of pantothenate (vitamin B5) to coenzyme-A (CoA), which is necessary for fuel use in the heart. The activation of PANK1 by SGLT2i promotes CoA synthesis and efficient fuel use in human hearts, providing a potential explanation for the clinical benefits of SGLT2i. This research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research on heart failure and the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in its management. These drugs have been shown to decrease heart failure hospitalizations, but their cardioprotective effects are not fully understood. The report explores the off-target mechanisms of SGLT2i and provides insights into future perspectives. The research was conducted by the "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara in Romania and was supported by the university. [Extracted from the article]

New research from Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, has found that sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors can be used to treat heart failure. The researchers conducted a systematic review of 36 studies and found clear evidence of benefit in terms of reducing hospitalization for heart failure. However, they also noted possible harm in the form of genital infections. Overall, the study concludes that these inhibitors are beneficial for the treatment of heart failure, particularly in reducing hospitalization rates. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague, Czech Republic, has found that empagliflozin, a drug used in the treatment of diabetes, has positive effects on lipid metabolism in the heart and liver. The study used a prediabetic rat model with severe dyslipidemia and found that empagliflozin reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased serum triacylglycerols. In the heart, empagliflozin altered lipid metabolism, leading to a decrease in the accumulation of lipids and lipotoxic intermediates, as well as anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. These findings suggest that empagliflozin may have cardioprotective effects in prediabetic individuals with severe dyslipidemia. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Stanford University School of Medicine discusses the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, these inhibitors have shown cardiovascular and kidney-protective effects. The approval of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin for use in CKD patients, with or without diabetes, has provided new treatment options. The review emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals staying informed about these changes and implementing new guideline recommendations promptly. SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended for patients with CKD to support cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Pusan National University in South Korea explored the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the central nervous system. SGLT2 inhibitors are commonly used to regulate glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study found that one specific SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), directly influenced the expression of certain genes involved in energy regulation in the hypothalamus. This suggests that EMPA may have potential as a regulator in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes. The research provides valuable insights into the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the central nervous system and their impact on energy homeostasis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from the Metropolitan Autonomous University in Mexico City explores the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a condition that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and CKD. The study examines the cellular mechanisms by which SGLT2i modulate lipid metabolism and their impact on insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and CKD progression. The researchers conclude that SGLT2i could be a valuable resource for developing improved treatment strategies for patients with MetS and CKD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, explores the skin-related adverse reactions induced by oral antidiabetic drugs. The research highlights that type 2 diabetes can affect various organs, including the skin. The study reviews the dermatological manifestations and possible pathomechanisms of cutaneous adverse reactions (CADRs) caused by these drugs, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and managing skin lesions resulting from adverse drug reactions. This information is particularly relevant for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly, who are at a higher risk of experiencing adverse drug reactions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Almazov National Medical Research Centre investigated the neuroprotective effects of glucose-lowering drugs in diabetic rats with and without stroke. The study compared the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on brain damage. The results showed that both GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2i have neuroprotective properties against acute and chronic brain damage in diabetic rats, with GLP-1RAs potentially having a more pronounced effect. These drugs were found to directly influence neuronal survival and also affect microglia. Further research is needed to explore the potential of these drugs in treating brain damage in individuals with diabetes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute has shed light on the mechanisms behind the arterial relaxation effects of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. These inhibitors are commonly used to lower blood glucose levels and treat heart failure. The study found that the arterial relaxation caused by SGLT2 inhibitors is dependent on the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from sensory nerves, rather than glucose transport. The researchers also discovered that the relaxation response is mediated by the sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1). This research provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of SGLT2 inhibitors. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, China have conducted a study on sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors and their effects on vascular aging. The study focused on the specific mechanism of Canagliflozin (CAN), a SGLT2 inhibitor, in alleviating vascular cell aging induced by palmitic acid (PA). The researchers found that CAN inhibits the activation of ROS/ERK and ferroptosis signaling pathways, providing new insights into lipid-induced vascular aging and potential drug development. This research contributes to the understanding of cardiovascular diseases and the development of related therapies. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery patients. The study focuses on the potential benefits of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in reducing the incidence of adverse renal outcomes. The VERTIGO trial, a Phase 3 study, will enroll 608 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery and randomly assign them to receive either empagliflozin or a placebo. The primary endpoint of the study is the proportion of patients who develop major adverse kidney events within 90 days after surgery. The trial aims to determine the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in preventing AKI in cardiac surgery patients. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06507657, is being conducted to examine the impact of empagliflozin on left atrial function in adults at risk for heart failure. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, including heart failure. Empagliflozin, a medication primarily used for type 2 diabetes, has demonstrated promising results in previous studies. The trial will involve 80 participants and will be a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized pilot study. The document provides information about the study, including its purpose, methodology, and eligibility criteria for participants. [Extracted from the article]