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En 2015, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé a reconnu la dépression comme étant la première cause d’incapacité dans le monde. Ce problème de santé publique a des répercussions potentielles sur le milieu du travail.

Une proportion considérable de victimes d’agression sexuelle à l’enfance présente des séquelles psychologiques à l’âge adulte. Les facteurs permettant de comprendre pourquoi certaines victimes développent ces séquelles alors que d’autres non, demeurent peu explorés. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal est d’examiner la contribution spécifique des caractéristiques contextuelles des agressions sexuelles à l’enfance, des mauvais traitements subis à l’enfance et des tentatives de suicide à l’adolescence dans le développement de la dépression et du trouble de stress post-traumatique à l’âge adulte. L’objectif secondaire est d’établir les prévalences des diverses formes de mauvais traitements subis à l’enfance, de la présence d’un trouble de stress post-traumatique et de dépression à l’âge adulte parmi les femmes agressées sexuellement à l’enfance.

Cette étude a pour but de réaliser une traduction française du Suicide Intervention Inventory-2 (SIRI-2) de Neimeyer & Mc Innes. Le SIRI-2 évalue les compétences relationnelles des intervenants face à une personne en crise suicidaire. Ainsi, cet outil permettra de mieux évaluer l’efficacité des formations professionnelles en intervention de crise suicidaire.

Les taux de suicide sont généralement plus élevés dans les forces de l’ordre qu’au sein d’autres professions. Pour en comprendre les raisons, les objectifs de cette étude réalisée à partir d’un échantillon de policiers décédés par suicide étaient : (1) de déterminer les facteurs impliqués dans le passage à l’acte suicidaire ; (2) de décrire leur trajectoire de vie. Des autopsies psychologiques ont été conduites autour des 49 situations de suicide de policiers survenues en 2008. Le supérieur hiérarchique, un collègue de travail et un proche ont été interrogés par des psychologues formés, en utilisant des outils standardisés. Chaque dossier a ensuite été évalué par un panel d’experts. L’analyse a montré que tous les policiers ayant mis fin à leurs jours présentaient les symptômes d’un trouble mental, le plus souvent de type dépressif. Après les difficultés d’ordre psychologique, les principaux facteurs de vulnérabilité concernaient la sphère affective. La sphère professionnelle était source de vulnérabilité dans une moindre mesure, mais était également source de protection. Quatre types de trajectoires de vie impliquées dans la suicidalité ont été mis en évidence. L’ensemble de ces résultats confirme que la prévention ne peut reposer que sur le dépistage de la souffrance psychologique et sa prise en charge, qui doit inclure une approche globale, en tenant compte de l’ensemble des sources de vulnérabilités.

Background:Repeated episode(s) of deliberate self-harm (RDSH) is a major risk factor for suicide. Aims:To identify specific risk factors for RDSH among patients admitted following an episode of deliberate self-harm (DSH) through acute intoxication. Methods:A prospective 6-month study was conducted with 184 patients (71% female) admitted to the emergency room (ER) as a result of self-poisoning (SP). Results:Rate of RDSH stood at 18% after 6 months. The sociodemographic variables associated with repeated deliberate self-harm were to have no principal activity, consultation with a medical professional during the 6 months preceding the self-poisoning, and referral to psychiatric services upon release from the ER. The clinical variable associated with RDSH was alcohol addiction (OR = 2.7; IC 95% = 1.2–6.1, p< .05) as assessed at the time of the initial ER admission. Conclusions:When patients are initially admitted to the ER as a result of self-poisoning, it is important to evaluate specific factors, particularly alcohol use, that could subsequently lead to repeated deliberate self-harm. The goal is to improve the targeting and referral of patients toward structures that can best respond to their needs.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of boar presence on aggression, shoulder scratches, and salivary cortisol in group-housed sows during the period after mixing, which is when dominance hierarchies are formed. A total of 225 York-shire sows were used. Five groups of 15 sows were each exposed to 1 of 3 levels of boar presence (n = 15): physical (boar in pen with sows; 2.15 m2per sow), fenceline (boar housed adjacent to sows; 2.3 m2per sow), or control (no boar in the room; 2.3 m2per sow). The experiment was divided into 2 phases. In phase 1, behavioral measurements were taken for 48 h after mixing and boar introduction. In phase 2, behavioral measurements were taken beginning on d 6 after mixing and included 24 h before and 48 h after boar removal. In phases 1 and 2, shoulder scratches were scored 24 h before and 24 h after mixing and boar removal, respectively. Saliva samples were collected each morning (0600 to 0700) and afternoon (1600 to 1700) during both phases. Frequencies of intersow aggressive contact (bite, body knock, and head knock) and threats as well as frequencies and durations of fighting bouts were determined from video recordings during daily feeding (49.6 ± 1.4 min) and nonfeeding (21 ± 0.2 h) periods. During phase 1, boar presence did not affect the frequency of threats during either the feeding or nonfeeding periods. Control groups had fewer aggressive contacts at feeding during the 25- to 48-h period compared with the fenceline groups (P= 0.01). Total duration of fighting and average fighting bout duration were unaffected by treatment. However, the number of fights occurring during feeding 25 to 48 h postmixing was lower in the physical groups than in the fenceline groups (P= 0.023); measures for the control groups were intermediate. Physical sows also received fewer shoulder scratches postmixing than did control sows (P= 0.048). After mixing, physical sows showed greater morning (P= 0.08) and afternoon (6 h postmixing, P= 0.01; 32 h postmixing, P= 0.08) salivary cortisol concentrations compared with fenceline sows, although they were only numerically greater than those for control sows. During phase 2, removing the boar did not increase fighting among sows or affect shoulder scratches or salivary cortisol concentrations. The presence of a boar was minimally effective at reducing fighting and scratches during the postmixing period, and sows showed a greater stress response in the presence of a boar.

Suicide is an important public health problem, accounting for a significant proportion of total mortality among young people, particularly males. There is growing and consistent evidence suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in the predisposition to suicide. Based on several lines of evidence supporting a reduced serotonergic neurotransmission in subjects who committed suicide, we investigated variation at genes that code for serotonin receptor 1B (5-HTR1B), 1Dα (5-HTR1Dα), 1E (5-HTR1E), 1F (5-HTR1F), 2C (5-HTR2C), 5A (5-HTR5A), and 6 (5-HTR6) in a total sample of 106 suicide completers and 120 normal controls. No differences were observed in allelic or genotypic distributions between groups for any of the loci investigated. Moreover, further analysis according to suicide method or psychopathology also failed to reveal differences between groups. Our results do not support a substantial role of these serotonergic receptors in suicide completion. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Postvention aims to implement services adapted to the needs of a population that may be vulnerable after suicide. While a plethora of postvention programs exist, they are generally based less on solid evidence than on the judgment of health professionals. Using the Delphi method, an Australian study obtained a consensus among experts as to which postvention actions are to be engineered in a postvention program. Since no similar study has been carried out for programs in French-speaking countries, it seemed important to reproduce the same type of study and to compare the respective results. The present study is aimed at establishing a French inventory of postvention actions and at achieving a consensus among experts as to the actions to be included in a postvention program.