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This research took the roasted products obtained by leaching copper (Cu) refining slag using waste acids and roasting leaching residues with calcium oxide (CaO) as raw materials and used oxidative leaching to extract Cu from roasted products using waste acids. Influences of the leaching temperature, liquid–solid ratio, and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration in waste acids on the leaching rate of Cu in the oxidative leaching process of roasted products using waste acids were investigated. The unreacted-core shrinking model of heterogeneous reactions was adopted to reveal the leaching kinetics of Cu in the oxidative leaching process of roasted products using waste acids. Results show that the leaching rate of Cu reaches 91.68% when the leaching temperature, liquid–solid ratio, H2SO4concentration in waste acids, and injected airflow are 80 ℃, 8:1, 1.5 mol/L, and 200 mL/min, respectively. If the leaching temperature is below 80 ℃, the leaching process of Cu is controlled by the solid-film diffusion, and the apparent activation energy Eais 11.0835 kJ/mol; at a leaching temperature above 80 ℃, the leaching process of Cu is governed by the interfacial chemical reaction, with an apparent activation energy Eaof 42.3183 kJ/mol. The liquid–solid ratio can positively influence the reaction rate constant. The apparent order of the leaching reaction of Cu is 0.632.

Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cells have remarkable cytotoxicity against hematologic malignancies; however, they may also attack normal cells sharing the target antigen. Since human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) is reportedly lost or downregulated in a substantial proportion of hematologic malignancies, presumably a mechanism to escape immune surveillance, we hypothesize that the anti-cancer specificity of CAR-NK cells can be enhanced by activating them against cancer antigens while inhibiting them against HLA-DR. Here, we report the development of an anti-HLA-DR inhibitory CAR (iCAR) that can effectively suppress NK cell activation against HLA-DR-expressing cells. We show that dual CAR-NK cells, which co-express the anti-CD19 or CD33 activating CAR and the anti-HLA-DR iCAR, can preferentially target HLA-DR-negative cells over HLA-DR-positive cells in vitro. We find that the HLA-DR-mediated inhibition is positively correlated with both iCAR and HLA-DR densities. We also find that HLA-DR-expressing surrounding cells do not affect the target selectivity of dual CAR-NK cells. Finally, we confirm that HLA-DR-positive cells are resistant to dual CAR-NK cell-mediated killing in a xenograft mouse model. Our approach holds great promise for enhancing CAR-NK and CAR-T cell specificity against malignancies with HLA-DR loss.

Oxidative stress-related cartilage degeneration, synovitis, and joint pain play vital roles in the progress of osteoarthritis (OA). Anti-oxidative stress agents not only prevent structural damage progression but also relieve OA-related pain. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of methylene blue (MB), a classical and important anti-oxidant with strong neural affinity. Experimental OA was established in rats by radial transection of medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus (MCLT + MMT) of the right knee joint. The OA rats received intra-articular injection of MB (1 mg/kg) every week starting one week after surgery. We showed that MB administration exerted significant cartilage protection, synovitis inhibition as well as pain relief in OA rats. In human chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes, MB significantly attenuated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We demonstrated that these effects of MB resulted from dual targets of important antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2 and PRDX1, which also mutually reinforcing and participated in an interaction. Furthermore, we found that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neural inflammatory mediator, was accumulated around the vessel in synovium and subchondral bone in OA rats and in TBHP-treated primary cortical neurons; MB administration significantly inhibited CGRP expression through upregulation of Nrf2 and PRDX1. Taken together, these results suggest that MB ameliorates oxidative stress via Nrf2/PRDX1 regulation to prevent progression and relieve pain of OA.

To cope with heavy metal stress, plant root systems undergo root structure modification and release of multifarious metabolites. Elucidation of the resistance strategies to heavy metals mediated by the root system is crucial to comprehend the resistance mechanisms of plants. Here two rice cultivars with contrasting grain cadmium (Cd) accumulation traits were selected and the responses of their root systems to Cd stress were evaluated by morphological and metabolomics analysis. The phenomic and metabolomic responses of the root system varied between the two cultivars under Cd stress. The low-Cd accumulation rice cultivar (TY816) had a more highly developed root system that coped with Cd stress (10 µM) by maintaining high root activity, while the root cells of the high-Cd accumulation cultivar (JY841) lost viability due to excessive Cd accumulation. TY816 upregulated lipids and fatty acids to reduce Cd uptake, whereas JY841 upregulated phenylethanoid glycosides to cope with Cd-induced oxidative stress. The combination of metabolomics and phenomics revealed that rice roots employ multiple strategies to increase their tolerance of Cd-induced oxidative stress. Differing capacities to shape the root system architecture and reprogram root exudate metabolites may contribute to the contrasting Cd accumulation abilities between JY841 and TY816.

Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields, while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management. Based on more than 110 published papers and data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, www.fao.org/faostat) and the Global Yield Gap and Water Productivity Atlas (www.yieldgap.org), this study summarized the concept, quantitative method of yield gap, yield-limiting factors, and resource utilization efficiency of the three major food crops (wheat, maize and rice). Currently, global potential yields of wheat, maize and rice were 7.7, 10.4 and 8.5 t ha–1, respectively. However, actual yields of wheat, maize and rice were just 4.1, 5.5 and 4.0 t ha–1, respectively. Climate, nutrients, moisture, crop varieties, planting dates, and socioeconomic conditions are the most mentioned yield-limiting factors. In terms of resource utilization, nitrogen utilization, water utilization, and radiation utilization efficiencies are still not optimal, and this review has summarized the main improvement measures. The current research focuses on quantitative potential yield and yield gap, with a rough explanation of yield-limiting factors. Subsequent research should use remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of the regional scale and use machine learning to quantify the role of yield-limiting factors in yield gaps and the impact of change crop management on resource utilization efficiency, so as to propose reasonable and effective measures to close yield gaps.

Engineering T cells and natural killer (NK) cells with anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has emerged as a promising strategy to eradicate HIV-infected cells. However, current anti-HIV CARs are limited by targeting a single epitope of the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp160, which cannot counter the enormous diversity and mutability of viruses. Here, we report the development of a universal CAR-NK cell, which recognizes 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and can subsequently be redirected to target various epitopes of gp160 using DNP-conjugated antibodies as adaptor molecules. We show that this CAR-NK cell can recognize and kill mimic HIV-infected cell lines expressing subtypes B and C gp160. We additionally find that anti-gp160 antibodies targeting membrane-distal epitopes (including V1/V2, V3, and CD4bs) are more likely to activate universal CAR-NK cells against gp160+target cells, compared with those targeting membrane-proximal epitopes located in the gp41 MPER. Finally, we confirm that HIV-infected primary human CD4+T cells can be effectively killed using the same approach. Given that numerous anti-gp160 antibodies with different antigen specificities are readily available, this modular universal CAR-NK cell platform can potentially overcome HIV diversity, thus providing a promising strategy to eradicate HIV-infected cells.

The fern Dicranopteris linearis(Gleicheniaceae) from China is a hyperaccumulator of rare earth element (REE), but little is known about the ecophysiology of REE in this species. This study aimed to clarify tissue-level and organ-level distribution of REEs via synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results show that REEs (La + Ce) are mainly colocalized with Mn in the pinnae and pinnules, with the highest concentrations in necrotic lesions and lower concentrations in veins. In the cross sections of the pinnules, midveins, rachis, and stolons, La + Ce and Mn are enriched in the epidermis, vascular bundles, and pericycle (midvein). In these tissues, Mn is localized mainly in the cortex and mesophyll. We hypothesize that the movement of REEs in the transpiration flow in the veins is initially restricted in the veins by the pericycle between vascular bundle and cortex, while excess REEs are transported by evaporation and cocompartmentalized with Mn in the necrotic lesions and epidermis in an immobile form, possibly a Si-coprecipitate. The results presented here provide insights on how D. linearisregulates high concentrations of REEs in vivo, and this knowledge is useful for developing phytotechnological applications (such as REE agromining) using this fern in REE-contaminated sites in China.

Fingerprint analysis is of great significance in forensic sciences. Compared with existing fingerprint analytical methods, mass spectrometry-based methods can not only identify chemical components in fingerprints, but also obtain fingerprint imaging. In this study four kinds of fingerprints, including sweat, inkpad, sunscreen, and liquid foundation, were analyzed by air-flow assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI). AFADESI was employed with air flow of 45 L min−1, and 5 μL min−1acetonitrile was used as spray solvent at spray voltage of 7000 V. Positive ion full scan mode (100−1000 Da) was chosen. The results showed that AFADESI-MSI method could not only obtain chemical information of various endogenous and exogenous substances in fingerprints, but also obtain high resolution images of fingerprints. In addition, overlapped fingerprints were distinguished according to the typical chemical information in fingerprints. As a new fingerprint analysis method, AFADESI-MSI would be widely used in forensic scientific research and practical applications.

Background: Postinfarction cardiac remodeling presents a compensatory mechanism aimed at mitigating congestive heart failure. It is distinguished by progressive dilatation and hypertrophy of the ventricular chambers, fibrotic alterations, and prolonged apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of icariin on myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling in rats subjected to myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Male Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to randomization and subsequently divided into distinct groups: the control group, the sham group (undergoing sham operation), the MI group (experiencing ligation of the left anterior descending artery), and the icariin group. Within the icariin group, rats were further categorized into three different dose groups based on the administered icariin dosage: the MI30 group (30 mg/kg/day), the MI60 group (60 mg/kg/day), and the MI120 group (120 mg/kg/day). Cardiac function evaluation was carried out using echocardiography. Histological examinations, including hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry studies, were conducted 90 days after the occurrence of MI. Additionally, Western blotting was employed to assess TGF‐β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 levels. Results: The administration of icariin revealed a noteworthy enhancement in cardiac function among rats afflicted with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. In comparison to the icariin groups, the MI group exhibited reduced EF and FS, along with elevated LVEDD and LVESD. Furthermore, the cardiac fibrosis levels in the MI group rats exhibited a considerable increase compared to those in the icariin group. Notably, the levels of Collagen I, Collagen III, MMP2, and MMP9 were significantly higher in the MI group than in the icariin group, with evident distinctions. Moreover, the expression levels of TGF-β, IL-13, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 were notably upregulated in the MI group compared to the icariin group. Conclusions: In an experimental rat model of MI, the administration of icariin resulted in the amelioration of both cardiac function and remodeling processes, operating through the intricate TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy which is the most common type of head and neck cancer. The study aimed to investigate the role of CXCL14 in cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OSCC and its potential mechanisms. In the present study, overexpression of CXCL14 was employed in TCA-8113 cells. Cell proliferation was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Scratch wound healing and Transwell assays were applied for the analysis of cell migration and invasion, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to explore the mRNA expression of CXCL14 and PD-L1. Moreover, the protein expression levels of CXCL14, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, PD-L1, NF-κB p65, and phospho-IκB-α (p-IκB-α) were examined by Western blot. The results revealed that the overexpression of CXCL14 was associated with suppressed proliferation of TCA-8113 cells coupled with decreasing the percentages of cells in the S phase. Moreover, the levels of cell migration and invasion were attenuated as well. Additionally, the expression level of EMT relative protein E-cad was increased notably, whereas N-cad and Vimentin were decreased. Importantly, the mRNA and protein expression of PD-L1, a crucial factor for OSCC, were lowered after overexpression of CXCL14. At the same time, the expression of NF-κB p65 and p-IκB-α was down-regulated significantly. Taken together, we speculate that CXCL14 inhibited OSCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT via suppressing PD-L1 expression and NF-κB mediated EMT, which indicated that CXCL14 may be an underlying target for OSCC treatment.

Hyperaccumulator plants are the material basis for phytoextraction research and for practical applications in decontaminating polluted soils and industrial wastes. China’s high biodiversity and substantial mineral resources make it a global hotspot for hyperaccumulator plant species. Intensive screening efforts over the past 20 years by researchers working in China have led to the discovery of many different hyperaccumulators for a range of elements. In this review, we present the state of knowledge on all currently reported hyperaccumulator species from China, including Cardamine hupingshanensis(selenium, Se), Dicranopteris dichotoma(rare earth elements, REEs), Elsholtzia splendens(copper, Cu), Phytolacca americana(manganese, Mn), Pteris vittata(arsenic, As), Sedum alfredii, and Sedum plumbizincicola(cadmium/zinc, Cd/Zn). This review covers aspects of the ecophysiology and molecular biology of tolerance and hyperaccumulation for each element. The major scientific advances resulting from the study of hyperaccumulator plants in China are summarized and synthesized.

Reported are the synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of ternary rare-earth mix-chalcogenides RE4S4Te3(RE = Gd, Ho, Er, Tm) that have been obtained from high-temperature solid state reactions. These compounds crystallize in Ho4S4Te2.68structure types with monoclinic C2/mand/or orthorhombic Immmspace groups. The space group variation within this series is due to the position disorder along the Te plane (Te to TeA and TeB). The structural relationship and change between these two space groups are analyzed. It is realized that these compounds are all photocatalytic active under simulated sunlight. The trend of their photocatalytic activities and photocurrent responses is well-explained by using theoretical calculation as well as dipole moment analysis.

Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) nanoparticles in aqueous colloidal solution have been prepared via a modified Wessling method, with the addition of surfactant. The fluorescent colloidal solution was used as the developing solution to develop the fingerprints on different substrates. The developing process was accomplished simply by immersing the substrates into developing solution and then taking out, followed by rinsing with deionized water. The initial study about the fingerprints on the adhesive tapes showed that the developing solution is very effective in fluorescence development on both fresh and aged visible fingerprints; and such an effect was negligibly affected by treating the fingerprints with water or other organic solvents, whether before developing or after. Further study on latent fingerprints (LFPs) demonstrated that PPV nanoparticles in colloidal solution have high sensitivity in developing fingerprints to give very clearly fluorescent patterns. At least 6 months of storage of the colloidal solution did not reduce the developing effect; and each developing solution (3.6 mg/mL, 5.0 mL) can be used to develop at least 30 fingerprints without sacrificing the legibility of the pattern. The preliminary mechanism investigation suggested that selectivity achieved toward the ridge of the fingerprint is very likely due to the affinity between PPV molecules and oily secretions of the fingerprints. Digital magnification of the developed fingerprints provided more details about the fingerprint.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for numerous modern technologies, and demand is increasing globally; however, production steps are resource-intensive and environmentally damaging. Some plant species are able to hyperaccumulate REEs, and understanding the biology behind this phenomenon could play a pivotal role in developing more environmentally friendly REE recovery technologies. Here, we identified a REE transporter NRAMP REE Transporter 1 (NREET1) from the REE hyperaccumulator fern Dicranopteris linearis. Although NREET1 belongs to the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) family, it shares a low similarity with other NRAMP members. When expressed in yeast, NREET1 exhibited REE transport capacity, but it could not transport divalent metals, such as zinc, nickel, manganese, or iron. NREET1 is mainly expressed in D. linearisroots and predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Expression studies in Arabidopsis thalianarevealed that NREET1 functions as a transporter mediating REE uptake and transfer from root cell walls into the cytoplasm. Moreover, NREET1 has a higher affinity for transporting light REEs compared to heavy REEs, which is consistent to the preferential enrichment of light REEs in field-grown D. linearis. We therefore conclude that NREET1 may play an important role in the uptake and consequently hyperaccumulation of REEs in D. linearis. These findings lay the foundation for the use of synthetic biology techniques to design and produce sustainable, plant-based REE recovery systems.

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) widely occur in semiarid and arid regions throughout the world and play important roles in many desert ecosystems: protecting soil from wind erosion and detaining nutrient-rich dust and organic carbon. An experiment was conducted in the Shapotou revegetated area of the Tengger Desert, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China to investigate the physiological responses of the dominant biocrust mosses, Bryum argenteumand Didymodon vinealis,to desiccant stress using different osmotic adjustments. B. argenteumand D. vinealisaccumulated K+, total soluble sugar, sucrose, trehalose, proline, and glycine betaine during desiccation. The proline content of B. argenteumwas about two times higher than that of D. vinealis.The K+and glycine betaine contents in B. argenteumwere slightly higher than those in D. vinealis.In contrast, the total soluble sugar, sucrose, and trehalose contents in D. vinealiswere about 3 to 5 times higher than those in B. argenteum.With gradual desiccation stress, the Na+content of B. argenteumwas low and did not significantly change. On the contrary, the Na+content of D. vinealissharply increased and reached a very high level of about 10 to 18 times higher than that of B. argenteum,indicating that B. argenteumand D. vinealisgradually adapted to desiccation stress by osmotic substances accumulation to different degrees.

Biological soil crusts are essential components of arid ecosystems. We examined the variations in microfungal communities inhabiting different biological crust types in the vicinity of the Shapotou Research Station in the Tengger Desert, China. A total of 134 species from 66 genera were isolated using the soil dilution plate method. The mycobiota of the crusts from the Tengger Desert, similar to that of the Negev Desert in Israel, was dominated by melanin-containing species with large multicellular spores. Abundance of these xeric species increased spatially with increasing xeric conditions from moss-dominated to cyanobacterial crusts. Density of microfungal isolates displayed the opposite trend and was positively correlated with chlorophyll content, indicating the possible significant influence of organic matter content and wetness duration on fungal biomass. Within a chronosequence of the localities of different periods after sand stabilization with revegetation, little variations were revealed in species composition and isolate density of the crust microfungal communities, while a tendency towards a decrease in the community diversity level with the crust age was noted Microfungal communities from stabilized localities differed from those of the natural localities in abundance of the dominant and some frequent species, and in the fluctuations of diversity characteristics between the cyanobacterial and moss-dominated crusts. The variations in mycobiotic parameters in the soil crusts of the Tengger Desert were apparently associated with the topographically induced variations in abiotic conditions, while the differences in microfungal community of soil crusts between the Tengger and Negev deserts, such as the significantly higher abundance of thermotolerant species in the crusts of the Tengger Deserts, were caused by the principal differences in their precipitation regimes, associated with different rainy seasons, winter and summer in the Negev and Tengger deserts, respectively.

PbS nanocrystals was synthesized by a heterogeneous reaction of hydrogen sulfide gas and lead nitrate solution containing EDTA in ethanol. The influenceof initial molar concentration ratio of EDTA/Pb (NO3)2 (CEDTA/CPb (NO3)2), volume ratio of ethanol/water (Vethanol/VH2O), pH value and flux of H2S on the particle size of PbS were investigated. The structure, morphology, particle size, and particle size distribution ranges of PbS were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, and laser particle size analyzer, respectively. Increasing CEDTA/CPb (NO3)2, Vethanol/VH2O, and pH value, as well as decreasing the flux of H2S decrease the particle size of PbS. PbS nanocrystals have an average particle size of 69 nm, a narrow size distribution, and a quasi-spherical shape when CEDTA/CPb (NO3)2 is 1, Vethanol/VH2O is 1, pH is 3.5, and the flux of H2S is 20 ml/min.

Study of the relationship between plant litter-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and organic pollutant transport in soil is important for understanding the role of forest litter carbon cycling in influencing pollutant behaviour and fate in forest soil. With the aim of providing insight into the capacity of plant litter-derived DOM to influence sorption and desorption of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soil, batch experiments were carried out with application of a sorption-desorption model incorporating DOM effects. Freshly fallen pine (Pinus elliottii) needles were used as the source of organic matter. Input of the pine needle litter-derived DOM was found to significantly decrease desorption hysteresis as well as soil adsorption capacity of phenanthrene (PHE) and fluoranthene (FLA). Addition of 1 728 mg L−1dissolved organic carbon (DOC) lowered the organic carbon-normalized sorption distribution coefficient of PHE from 7 776 to 2 541 L kg−1C and of FLA from 11 503 to 4 368 L kg−1C. Decreases of the apparent sorption-desorption distribution coefficients of PHE and FLA with increased DOC concentration indicated that DOM favored desorption of PAHs from soil. Increases in the fraction of apparently dissolved PAHs were attributable to the dissolved PAH-DOM complexes, accounting for the dissolved proportions of 39% to 69% for PHE and 26% to 72% for FLA in the sorption and desorption processes as the concentration of the added DOM solution rose from 0 to 1 728 mg L−1. Our results suggest that pine needle litter-derived DOM can have a substantial effect of inhibiting PAHs sorption and promoting PAHs desorption, thus leading to enhanced leaching in soil, which should be taken into account in risk assessment of PAHs accumulated in forest soil.

In the current, our country's urbanization process becomes faster and faster, The construction industry developing rapidly nowadays, The water-saving and energy-saving design is particularly important to architectural design. Although the building water supply and drainage industry has made significant progress, still there are many problems in the concrete implementation process. Therefore, in the process of water supply and drainage design, we should take corresponding solutions and countermeasures, in order to realize saving water and reducing waste.

To realize the electric vehicle braking energy recycling and driving smooth, bipolar PWM modulation mode is often adopted. To avoid the bridge arm shoot-through, a dead zone needs to be set in the complementary upper and lower bridge arm driving signal. Using hardware circuit dead zone setting has the advantages of simple setting and high reliability, is often used in the integrated driving module, however different dead zone mode has different influence on the inverter output voltage. This paper carried analysis on motor speed nonlinear problems caused by output voltage jump around a specific duty ratio in hardware dead zone setting mode, and gives the improvement of hardware circuit. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the method can well solve the output voltage jump in the vicinity of a specific duty ratio problem.

The test method for C1 tire snow grip performance based on European ECE R117 is analyzed; the test and evaluation process and test ability for C1 tire snow grip performance has already been established. The feasibility research of the implementation of C1 tire snow grip performance has been done, which provides the necessary technical reserve for products performance development of domestic tire enterprises, drawing test and evaluation standards, tire performance matching and EU certification.

Different kinds of mesoporous carbon materials can be obtained through the use of different templates or control condition. The study describes the adsorption behavior of dyes such as rhodamine B, methylthionine chloride and reactive red from aqueous solution using ordered mesoporous carbon in different pore size distribution. In this study, the method of controlling the aperture of ordered mesoporous carbon is changing the mass ratio of the revised template and carbon source. Ordered mesoporous carbon was synthesized with the evaporation induced self-assembly method in different proportion of template agent (F127) and phenolic resin and employed to evaluate the effects of initial concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on the removal of dye solution in batch experiments. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. These analyses reveal that the mesoporous carbon have ordered structure. The experimental results indicated the ordered mesoporous carbon in different pore size distribution showed significant differences in the adsorption of different dyes and it was provided with an excellent selective adsorption.

Environmental risks pertaining to contaminated soils have been well studied, while little attention has been paid to the risks of the soils after remediation. In this study, a concept model developed based on fuzzy set theory was applied to evaluate the uncertainties of three risk indicators, namely, plant growth, groundwater safety and human health, of a restored site that had been previously polluted by heavy metals. The concept model classified the grade and importance of risk factors by an 11-level ranking system and was able to yield a comprehensive risk result rather than multi-risk results for complex risk indicators. Modeling results showed that the risks to the three indicators were effectively reduced after the remediation. Moreover, great sensitivity of the risks was found related to the weight distribution among the three risk indicators. In general, the risks of both polluted and restored soils to the environment were in the order of groundwater safety > plant growth > human health. The model was proved to solve the problems of multi-risk results due to complex risk indicators that previously encountered by other researchers, which made it helpful in decision-making and management of restored soils.

Vehicle handling and stability has effect on positive safety of automotive directly. Test system of handling and stability is built for its road test and the test variables signal can be acquired and stored synchronously. Based on MATLAB GUI, software is developed for the test data processing, so that the stored data is to be analyzed and handling and stability test result is given by the software automatically. Using the test system in paper, handling and stability road test of one domestic sedan is fulfilled and scored, which verifies the applicability of the test system and scoring software in paper.

Use modern information technology to replace the traditional manual quality grade evaluation of red wine. According to the red wines 11 physical and chemical properties which have a great influence on the quality, a quality grade evaluation model based on BP neural network pattern classification is established in this paper. The input variables are the red wines 11 parameters, output are the quality levels for wine. Experimental results show that it is an effective wine quality evaluation method.

Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation of Br-THMs was successfully achieved. It suggested that Br-THMs were de-bromized in a stepwise manner. The more bromine substituted in Br-THMs, the more easily it can be degraded, due to C-Br bond is easier destroyed than C-Cl. A proposed degradation pathway through a series of free radical reactions was also discussed.

U-boot is an open source project under the protocol of GPL, which has been widely used as boot application on embedded system. Normally, U-boot initializes hardware and send to hardware information to the embedded OS. In mobile thermals, especially in the arm-based mobile device, U-boot has played an important role. U-boot supports many kinds of development boards. However it does not support every board, so it needs to be modified to fit other board. This paper analyses the boot procedure and the source code of U-boot, studies how to add a custom command on U-boot source, analyses the protocol of USB, then gives us a new way to download the binary U-boot file or the kernel directly to RAM and run. In this way, we do not need to burn the binary U-boot file or the kernel to Flash. This has save a lot of time in embedded system development.

Multi-core processor technology is getting more and more common for both business and private use. However, the operating systems and applications are not keeping the same pace with multi-core hardware. In the mean while, to get better performance, more factors need to be considered under multi-core platform, e.g. load balance, cache, task relationship, etc. This paper focuses on making full use of multi-core processor through scheduling the tasks to proper core with CPU priority Algorithm which calculates a priority of each core when scheduling a task. With CPU Priority, it is easier to take interesting factors into account and combine several factors together. We did our work based on a scheduler simulator implemented with Python and we observed that, with CPU priority scheduling algorithm, it does suggest a flexible way to schedule the CPU assignment and is able to gain some satisfactory improvement on the response performance according to our simulation.

Here we report the photocatalytic degradation characteristics of Rhodamine B in the presence of Cr(VI). Some interesting results were observed during the photocatalytic process. Cr(VI) caused a deactivation effect on the catalyst due to the formation of Cr(OH)3 precipitate blocking the active sites of catalyst. Moreover, a kind of red oligomer precipitate was found during the RhB degradation when Cr(VI) was presented. This precipitate was rarely reported in photocatalytic system.

This paper takes grab type portal crane of a steel branch as the research object, its main girder is the truss structure. The truss girder is optimized with the ANSYS software, through which the size of the structure when the force of the whole truss is minimum can be found. A best plan is determined among many scheme to meet requirements of the design, and the required expenses is the smallest(such as weight, area, volume, stress, expenses, etc)that is the optimal designing scheme is the most effective solutions. The optimal designing method provides reliable reference for designing excellent performance crane.

Hoisting machinery is moving forward into high speed and heavy-duty, the requirement of mechanical properties is increasing. Therefore, dynamic research on the main girder crane is necessary. Taking a factory grab type door crane as the research object, the main girder is truss framed. The stress and strain distribution of truss girder in each working conditions to ascertain the dangerous position of the structure is determined with the dynamic analysis of the ANSYS software.

A pot experiment was conducted with multi-metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) contaminated acidic soil to investigate changes in available metal burden resulting from the application of industrial wastes (fly ash and steel slag). The efficiency of amendments-induced metal stabilization was evaluated by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), sequential extraction, and plant uptake. The stability of remediation was assessed by an acidification test and by chemical equilibrium modeling. Addition of fly ash (20 g kg−1) and steel slag (3 g kg−1) resulted in similar increase in soil pH. Both amendments significantly decreased the concentrations of metals measured with DGT (CDGT) and the metal uptake by Oryza sativaL. Significant correlations were found between CDGTand the concentration of a combination of metal fractions (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, and bound to Fe/Mn oxides), unraveling the labile species that participate in the flux of metal resupply. The capability of metal resupply, as reflected by the R(ratio of CDGTto pore water metal concentration) values, significantly decreased in the amended soils. The CDGTcorrelated well with the plant uptake, suggesting that DGT is a good indicator for bioavailability. Acidification raised the extractable metal concentration in amended soil but the concentration did not return to the pre-amendment level. Equilibrium modeling indicated that the soil amendments induced the precipitation of several Fe, Al and Ca minerals, which may play a positive role in metal stabilization. Chemical stabilization with alkaline amendments could be an effective and stable soil remediation strategy for attenuating metal bioavailability and reducing plant metal uptake.

Knowledge of cellular metal homeostasis will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation in metal-hyperaccumulating plants. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was used to determine the localization of cadmium (Cd) in leaves of the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Picris divaricatawhich had a shoot Cd concentration of 565 mg kg−1after 2 weeks of growth in solution culture supplying 10 mol L−1CdCl2. The results indicated that Cd was distributed mainly in the trichomes, upper and lower epidermis and bundle sheath cells, with a relatively low level of Cd in mesophyll cells. Mesophyll protoplasts isolated from leaves remained viable after 24 h exposure to CdCl2at a concentration up to 1 mmol L−1, indicating their high tolerance to Cd. The intracellular Cd was visualized by staining with Leadmium Green dye, a cellular permeable Cd fluorescence probe. The results showed that the majority of protoplasts (> 82%) did not accumulate Cd, with only a minority (< 18%) showing Cd accumulation. In the Cd-accumulating protoplasts, Cd accumulation was depressed by the addition of Fe2+, Mn2+and the metabolic inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), but not by Ca2+or Zn2+. Furthermore, the entire process of Cd uptake from external solution into the cytoplasm and subsequent sequestration into vacuoles was successfully recorded by confocal images. These results suggested that reduced cellular Cd accumulation and efficient Cd vacuolar sequestration in mesophyll cells might be responsible for cellular Cd tolerance and distribution in the leaves of P. divaricata.

Considering that even contaminated soils are a potential resource for agricultural production, it is essential to develop a set of cropping systems to allow a safe and sustainable agriculture on contaminated lands while avoiding any transfer of toxic trace elements to the food chain. In this review, three main strategies, i.e., phytoexclusion, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction, are proposed to establish cropping systems for production of edible and non-edible plants, and for extraction of elements for industrial use. For safe production of food crops, the selection of low-accumulating plants/cultivars and the application of soil amendments are of vital importance. Phytostabilization using non-food energy and fiber plants can provide additional renewable energy sources and economic benefit with minimum cost of agricultural measures. Phytoextracting trace elements (e.g., As, Cd, Ni, and Zn) using hyperaccumulator species is more suitable for slightly and moderately polluted sites, and phytomining of Ni from serpentine soils has shown a great potential to extract Ni-containing bio-ores of economic interests. We conclude that appropriate combinations of soil types, plant species/cultivars, and agronomic practices can restrict trace metal transfer to the food chain and/or extract energy and metals of industrial use and allow safe agricultural activities.

This spring a serious drought occurred in some areas of China, which had a great impact to local production, living and economic development. For this severe problem, earth-rock dam’s risk consequence evaluation model under drought condition was proposed, and factors of earth-rock dam risk consequence were analyzed and summarized, using principal component analysis to establish comprehensive evaluation model of earth-rock dam’s risk consequence under drought condition.

Power plant’s risk factors, the exposure of lower reaches and the capacity to deal with emergency are considered to establish small hydropower dam-break evaluation model. Calculating and analyzing the degree of severity of the Changlong Reservoir in Jiangxi Province，the quantitative indicators are obtained.

Infantile hemangioma grows quickly in the first year of life and regresses slowly to fibrofatty tissue during childhood; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to contribute to this adipogenesis. Recent studies have shown the perivascular origin of MSCs in multiple organs. We hypothesized that MSCs in hemangioma might also reside in the perivascular region. We isolated MSCs from proliferating hemangioma by their selective adhesion to plastic culture dishes. Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and foreskin-derived fibroblasts were used as controls. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine their antigen profiles; in vitro induction of multi-lineage differentiation was performed to test their pluripotency. Platelet-derived growth factor R-ß (PDGFR-ß), CD133, and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-?) were selected as the markers to observe MSCs in hemangioma by immunohistochemistry staining, with costaining of CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA). Hemangioma-derived MSCs (Hem-MSCs) had fibroblast-like morphology; they expressed the MSC markers CD105, CD90, CD29, and vimentin and did not express the hematopoietic/endothelial markers CD45, CD34, CD31, and flt-1; Hem-MSCs also expressed CD133 and PPAR-?. Most Hem-MSCs expressed PDGFR-ß and a-SMA; in contrast, the expression of PDGFR-ß and a-SMA in BM-MSCs was very weak. The Hem-MSCs differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts in vitro. This confirmed their pluripotency. Immunohistochemistry showed the colocalization of PDGFR-ß/a-SMA, CD133/a-SMA, and PPAR-?/a-SMA in the perivascular region. MSCs were successfully obtained from proliferating hemangioma, revealing the perivascular origin of MSCs in hemangioma.

This In this paper, we study the boom of truck-mounted concrete pump, we determine that the four booms extending horizontally is the most dangerous working conditions. This paper bases on Pump arm boom functional and structural characteristics, strength, stiffness, stability. By Finite element method, the dynamic characteristics of arm pump is analysed. we use Solid Works to design three-dimensional entity. and, in the finite element analysis of Solid Works plug-in Cosmos Work environment we finish the theoretical modal analysis. We get its top ten natural frequencies and mode shapes, and analyze the results .This method is designed for high effect and quality Pump arm boom ,providing precise reliable data.

A novel block inverse Jacket transform is proposed. A cocyclic block inverse Jacket matrix is constructed in which the high-order cocyclic block inverse Jacket matrix can be decomposed into the low-order sparse cocyclic block inverse Jacket matrices with a successive block architecture , instead of the conventional block inverse Jacket matrix(BIJM). It is a fast algorithm by using recursive mode that leads to reducing computational load.