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A simple high spectral resolution lidar technique using a multi-longitudinal mode laser is proposed for measuring aerosol extinction and backscattering coefficients. A scanning interferometer having the same free spectral range as the mode spacing of the laser is used to separate Rayleigh from Mie scattering. Scanning the interferometer in the span of one fringe, the lidar signals at the minimum and maximum Mie-scattering transmission are measured. The Rayleigh scattering signal is analyzed from these signals, and the aerosol extinction coefficient is derived. The interferometer transmittance for Mie scattering is calibrated with the reference signals taken with a portion of the transmitted laser beam.