Search

Bathymetric data were collected at 12 water-supply lakes in northeastern Missouri by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) and various local agencies, as part of a multiyear effort to establish or update the surface area and capacity tables for the surveyed lakes. The lakes were surveyed in March through May 2021. Ten of the lakes had been surveyed previously by the USGS, and the recent surveys were compared to the earlier surveys to document the changes in the bathymetric surface and capacity of the lakes. Bathymetric data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam mapping system mounted on a boat. Supplemental depth data at five of the lakes were collected in shallow areas with an acoustic Doppler current profiler on a remotecontrolled boat. Data points from the various sources were exported at a gridded data resolution appropriate to each lake, either 0.82 foot, 1.64 feet, or 3.28 feet. Data outside the multibeam survey extent and greater than the surveyed water-surface elevation were obtained from data collected using aerial light detection and ranging (lidar) point cloud data. A linear enforcement technique was used to add points to the dataset in areas of sparse data (the upper ends of coves where the water was shallow or aquatic vegetation precluded data acquisition) based on surrounding multibeam and upland data values. The various point datasets were used to produce a three-dimensional triangulated irregular network surface of the lake-bottom elevations for each lake. A surface area and capacity table was produced from the three-dimensional surface for each lake showing surface area and capacity at specified lake water-surface elevations. Various quality-assurance tests were conducted to ensure quality data were collected with the multibeam, including beam angle checks and patch tests. Additional quality-assurance tests were conducted on the gridded bathymetric data from the survey, the bathymetric surface created from the gridded data, and the contours created from the bathymetric survey. If there were data from a previous bathymetric survey for a given lake, a bathymetric change map was generated from the elevation difference between the previous survey and the 2021 bathymetric survey data points. After reconciling any vertical datum disagreement between the previous survey data and the 2021 survey datum, coincident points between the surveys were identified, and a bathymetric change map was generated using the coincident point data. The mean elevation change between all repeat surveys at most lakes was positive, indicating sedimentation. Relative to previous surveys, the change in capacity at the primary spillway elevation ranged from a 7.7-percent decrease at Memphis Reservoir to a 3.9-percent increase at Old Lake (Bowling Green West). The mean bathymetric change ranged from 0.03 foot at Hazel Creek and 0.07 foot at Shelbina Lake and Bowling Green Reservoir (Jack Floyd Memorial Lake) to 0.63 at Memphis Lake (Lake Showme) and 0.88 at Memphis Reservoir. The time-averaged mean bathymetric change ranged from 0.002 foot per year at Hazel Creek Lake to 0.044 foot per year at Memphis Reservoir. The computed volumetric sedimentation rate generally ranged from 0.14 to 6.80 acre-feet per year at Shelbina Lake and Memphis Lake (Lake Showme), respectively; however, Forest Lake had a substantially larger sedimentation rate of 17.0 acre-feet per year. Some changes observed in some bathymetric change maps are believed to result from the difference in data collection equipment and techniques between the previous and present bathymetric surveys, whereas other erosional features around the perimeter of certain lakes may be the result of wave action during low-water years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bathymetric data were collected at 10 water-supply lakes in north-central and west-central Missouri by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and in collaboration with various local agencies, as part of a multiyear effort to establish or update the surface area and capacity tables for the surveyed lakes. The lakes were surveyed in June and July 2020. Seven of the lakes had been surveyed by the USGS between 2002 and 2007, and the recent surveys were compared to the earlier surveys to document changes in the bathymetric surface and capacity of the lake and produce a bathymetric change map. Bathymetric data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam mapping system mounted on a boat. Supplemental depth data at two of the lakes were collected in shallow areas with an acoustic Doppler current profiler on a remotecontrolled boat. Data points from the various sources were exported at a gridded data resolution appropriate to each lake, either 0.82 foot or 1.64 feet. Data outside the multibeam survey extent and greater than the surveyed water-surface elevation generally were obtained from data collected using aerial light detection and ranging (lidar) point cloud data, except at Holden City Lake. A linear enforcement technique was used to add points to the dataset in areas of sparse data (the upper ends of coves where the water was shallow or aquatic vegetation precluded data acquisition) based on surrounding multibeam and upland data values. The various point datasets were used to produce a three-dimensional triangulated irregular network surface of lake-bottom elevations for each lake. A surface area and capacity table was produced from the threedimensional surface for each lake showing surface area and capacity at specified lake water-surface elevations. Various quality-assurance tests were conducted to ensure quality data were collected with the multibeam, including beam angle checks and patch tests. Additional quality-assurance tests were conducted on the gridded bathymetric data from the survey, the bathymetric surface created from the gridded data, and the contours created from the bathymetric survey. If data from a previous bathymetric survey existed at a given lake, a bathymetric change map was generated from the elevation difference between the previous survey and the 2020 bathymetric survey data points. After reconciling any vertical datum disagreement between the previous survey and the 2020 survey, coincident points between the surveys were identified, and a bathymetric change map was generated using the coincident point data. A decrease in capacity was observed at nearly all the lakes for which a previous survey existed, and the mean bathymetric change between the surveys was positive at all the lakes. The decrease in capacity at the primary spillway elevation ranged from -0.4 percent at Edwin A Pape Lake to 9.4 percent at upper Higginsville Reservoir. The mean bathymetric change ranged from 0.03 foot at Garden City New Lake to 1.75 feet at Harrisonville City Lake, which corresponds to a time-averaged mean bathymetric change ranging from 0.002 foot per year at Garden City New Lake to 0.132 foot per year at Harrisonville City Lake. The computed volumetric sedimentation rate generally ranged from 0.04 to 4.91 acrefeet per year at Garden City New Lake and Holden City Lake, respectively; however, Harrisonville City Lake had a substantially larger volumetric sedimentation rate of 42.7 acre-feet per year, corresponding to the substantial mean bathymetric change of 1.75 feet and combined with the relatively shorter interval between surveys. Harrisonville City Lake also had the second-largest decrease in capacity at the spillway elevation of 5.9 percent. As with the 2019 surveys, some changes observed in the bathymetric change maps likely result from the difference in data collection equipment and techniques between the surveys. Certain apparent erosional features around the perimeter of certain lakes may be the result of wave action or compaction of sediments exposed to air during low-water years, or may indicate an unidentified but systemic error in the older singlebeam echosounder survey data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The due process provisions found in the Fifth and 14th amendments provide that the government shall not take a person's life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Because [...]

I special-ordered this Challenger in April 2012. It has a 5.7 Hemi, six-speed manual transmission, Super Track Pak, heated leather seats, and the Mopar Performance appearance group. I then added [...]

ABSTRACTAfter decades of globalization, more and more products are made in a country different from the initial country of origin of the brand name associated with the product. As consumers evaluate brands, does it matter if a product is made in the same country as from its initial origin? In this study, we intend to address this question by examining the impacts of country equity (CE) on consumer psychology, in the context of China’s fashion market. Specifically, this study aims to (1) examine the impact of CE on Chinese consumers’ perception and purchase intention of “Made in USA” products; and (2) identify potential China’s market for “Made in USA” products. A series of hypotheses are developed and empirically tested. Among our major findings, Chinese consumers show significantly higher purchase intention, perceived quality, and perceived price for “Made in USA” products than “Made in China” products with the same brand name. Also, Chinese consumers’ CE of the US significantly affect their purchase intention, perceived quality, and perceived price of “Made in USA” products. In addition, we identify the target market characteristics of “Made in USA” products in China. The study adds to a comprehensive understanding of CE in the global market.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text.

Abstract:The current identification of crustose coralline algae from North Carolina is based on a few morphoanatomical studies from the last century. We reassessed the type specimens of the two Lithophyllumspecies historically reported from offshore communities in North Carolina, L. intermediumwith a Caribbean Sea type locality and L. subtenellumwith an Atlantic southern France type locality, using scanning electron microscopy images and diagnostic rbcL sequences. Neither of the sequences generated from the type specimens matched rbcL sequences from contemporary specimens collected from subtidal North Carolina epibenthic communities. On the basis of analyses of rbcL and other loci (psbA, UPA, and COI), we instead found L. atlanticum, recently described from Brazil, and L. searlesii sp. nov. from Onslow Bay, North Carolina. These sequence data show that L. atlanticumis related to northeast Pacific species, whereas L. searlesiiis related to Mediterranean species.

We synthesize, optically trap, and rotate individual nanovaterite crystals with a mean particle radius of 423 nm. Rotation rates of up to 4.9 kHz in heavy water are recorded. Laser-induced heating due to residual absorption of the nanovaterite particle results in the superlinear behavior of the rotation rate as a function of trap power. A finite element method based on the Navier–Stokes model for the system allows us to determine the residual optical absorption coefficient for a trapped nanovaterite particle. This is further confirmed by the theoretical model. Our data show that the translational Stokes drag force and rotational Stokes drag torque need to be modified with appropriate correction factors to account for the power dissipated by the nanoparticle.

Efficient and automated classification of periodic variable stars is becoming increasingly important as the scale of astronomical surveys grows. Several recent articles have used methods from machine learning and statistics to construct classifiers on databases of labeled, multi-epoch sources with the intention of using these classifiers to automatically infer the classes of unlabeled sources from new surveys. However, the same source observed with two different synoptic surveys will generally yield different derived metrics (features) from the light curve. Since such features are used in classifiers, this survey-dependent mismatch in feature space will typically lead to degraded classifier performance. In this article we show how and why feature distributions change using OGLE and Hipparcoslight curves. To overcome survey systematics, we apply a noisificationmethod, which attempts to empirically match distributions of features between the labeled sources used to construct the classifier and the unlabeled sources we wish to classify. Results from simulated and real-world light curves show that noisification can significantly improve classifier performance. In a three-class problem using light curves from Hipparcosand OGLE, noisification reduces the classifier error rate from 27.0% to 7.0%. We recommend that noisification be used for upcoming surveys such as Gaiaand LSST, and we describe some of the promises and challenges of applying noisification to these surveys.

We report results from the Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge (SNPhotCC), a publicly released mix of simulated supernovae (SNe), with types (Ia, Ibc, and II) selected in proportion to their expected rates. The simulation was realized in the grizfilters of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) with realistic observing conditions (sky noise, point-spread function, and atmospheric transparency) based on years of recorded conditions at the DES site. Simulations of non-Ia-type SNe are based on spectroscopically confirmed light curves that include unpublishednon-Ia samples donated from the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP), the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS), and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II). A spectroscopically confirmed subset was provided for training. We challenged scientists to run their classification algorithms and report a type and photo- zfor each SN. Participants from 10 groups contributed 13 entries for the sample that included a host-galaxy photo- zfor each SN and nine entries for the sample that had no redshift information. Several different classification strategies resulted in similar performance, and for all entries the performance was significantly better for the training subset than for the unconfirmed sample. For the spectroscopically unconfirmed subset, the entry with the highest average figure of merit for classifying SNe Ia has an efficiency of 0.96 and an SN Ia purity of 0.79. As a public resource for the future development of photometric SN classification and photo- zestimators, we have released updated simulations with improvements based on our experience from the SNPhotCC, added samples corresponding to the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and the SDSS-II, and provided the answer keys so that developers can evaluate their own analysis.

Dimension-reduction techniques can greatly improve statistical inference in astronomy. A standard approach is to use Principal Components Analysis (PCA). In this work, we apply a recently developed technique, diffusion maps, to astronomical spectra for data parameterization and dimensionality reduction, and develop a robust, eigenmode-based framework for regression. We show how our framework provides a computationally efficient means by which to predict redshifts of galaxies, and thus could inform more expensive redshift estimators such as template cross-correlation. It also provides a natural means by which to identify outliers (e.g., misclassified spectra, spectra with anomalous features). We analyze 3835 Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra and show how our framework yields a more than 95% reduction in dimensionality. Finally, we show that the prediction error of the diffusion-map-based regression approach is markedly smaller than that of a similar approach based on PCA, clearly demonstrating the superiority of diffusion maps over PCA for this regression task.

The article discusses the use of statistics in astronomy. According to the author, cosmologists turned to statistics, in the field of astrostatistics, to study precision cosmology. Challenges on astrostatistics, which are the parameter estimation using statistical models and analysis of noisy and nonstandard data types are explored in the article. Tables and graphs regarding these challenges are also provided in the article.

We present optical (UBVRI) sky brightness measurements from 1992 through 2006. The data are based on CCD imagery obtained with the CTIO 0.9, 1.3, and 1.5 m telescopes. The B- and V-band data are in reasonable agreement with measurements previously made at Mauna Kea, although on the basis of a small number of images per year, there are discrepancies for the years 1992 through 1994. Our CCD-based data are not significantly different than values obtained at Cerro Paranal. We find that the yearly averages of V-band sky brightness are best correlated with the 10.7 cm solar flux taken 5 days prior to the sky brightness measurements. This implies an average speed of 350 km s?1for the solar wind. While we can measure an enhancement of the night-sky levels over La Serena 10° above the horizon, at elevation angles above 45°, we find no evidence that the night-sky brightness at Cerro Tololo is affected by artificial light of nearby towns and cities.

The article emphasizes the need for advertising for selling life insurance policies. Life insurance is a commodity, but it is not recognized as such. Advertising campaign is necessary because it tells the need of insurance, its principles, its adaptation, and its uses. This should and could be executed in the simplest language with vivid illustrations, verbal and pictured, all of which would be intelligible to any one whose financial ability required him to seek even a single thousand dollars' worth of the commodity. And this course of advertising would be the cheapest method of expanding the usefulness of this prime economic commodity.

The past day or two have been a period of unusual excitement in Wall Street. The financial panic in Europe, which has brought down the house of Peto & Betts, and it is feared, other houses and institutions more or less connected with this country, has had the effect of stimulating specie exports from this side at a rate wholly unprecedented. In the stock market the cliques which have been carrying large loads of fancy stocks at high prices have been sorely tried within the past day or two. The Rock Island and the Fort Wayne cliques have both been forced to sell and both stocks have declined materially.

The article presents information on a weekly journal of politics, literature, science and art, "The Nation." This journal will not be the organ of any party, sect, or body. It will, on the contrary, make an earnest effort to bring to the discussion of political and social questions a really critical spirit, and to wage war upon the vices of violence, exaggeration, and misrepresentation by which so much of the political writing of the day is marred. The criticism of books and works of art will form one of its most prominent features; and pains will be taken to have this task performed in every case by writers possessing special qualifications for it.

A series of cases is presented of back pain often related to the flanks, and which is due to inequality of leg length. The symptoms, physical signs, and differential diagnosis are discussed. The short leg syndrome is quite common in gynecologic and obstetric practice. The simple methods of diagnosis and of treatment based on a heel lift to the short side often result in prompt relief of long-standing complaints.

The car was painted and had the 454 big-block drivetrain but needed to be finished, so I spent the time and money on the fuel-injection system, ignition system, suspension, interior, and accents like the cowl decals and halo headlights. It sports a 3,500-stall converter and 4.30 gears with a Moser rear and spool. My '66 Corvair Corsa 140 has a rear-mounted flat-six air-cooled engine and my '66 Corvair Crown Corv-8 conversion has a midmounted 350 small-block Chevy where the back seat used to be. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents information on the journal "The Nation." This journal makes an earnest effort to bring to the discussion of political and social questions a really critical spirit, and to wage war upon the vices of violence, exaggeration, and misrepresentation by which so much of the political writing of the day is marred. It is intended, in the interest of investors, as well as of the public generally, to have questions of trade and finance treated every week by a writer whose position and character will give his articles an exceptional value, and render them a safe and trustworthy guide.

With the coming data deluge from synoptic surveys, there is a need for frameworks that can quickly and automatically produce calibrated classification probabilities for newly observed variables based on small numbers of time-series measurements. In this paper, we introduce a methodology for variable-star classification, drawing from modern machine-learning techniques. We describe how to homogenize the information gleaned from light curves by selection and computation of real-numbered metrics (features), detail methods to robustly estimate periodic features, introduce tree-ensemble methods for accurate variable-star classification, and show how to rigorously evaluate a classifier using cross validation. On a 25-class data set of 1542 well-studied variable stars, we achieve a 22.8% error rate using the random forest (RF) classifier; this represents a 24% improvement over the best previous classifier on these data. This methodology is effective for identifying samples of specific science classes: for pulsational variables used in Milky Way tomography we obtain a discovery efficiency of 98.2% and for eclipsing systems we find an efficiency of 99.1%, both at 95% purity. The RF classifier is superior to other methods in terms of accuracy, speed, and relative immunity to irrelevant features; the RF can also be used to estimate the importance of each feature in classification. Additionally, we present the first astronomical use of hierarchical classification methods to incorporate a known class taxonomy in the classifier, which reduces the catastrophic error rate from 8% to 7.8%. Excluding low-amplitude sources, the overall error rate improves to 14%, with a catastrophic error rate of 3.5%.