Search

The polystyrene (PS) was doped by carbon nanotube (CNT) and nano carbon (CN) that have been synthesized. The pure PS and the nanocomposite thin films (PS-0.05CNT, PS-0.05CN, and PS-0.025CNT-0.025CN) were prepared by casting method. The optical properties and morphology structure of the PS nanocomposite thin films incorporating the CNT and CN nanoparticles were investigated by using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance. The optical properties such as reflectance, transmittance, absorption coefficient, extinction factor, and refractive index were offered and computed. The direct energy gap was decreased from 4.0 eV for the pure PS to 2.0 eV of PS nanocomposite thin films, and for the indirect energy gap from 3.8 to 2.95 eV after being filled with CNT and CN, respectively. After the addition of CNT and CN to the PS matrix, the urbach energy has been increased from 2.120 to 4.583 eV. The grains and surface morphology of the PS nanocomposite thin films with CNT and CN were inspected through the SEM device. The PS thin films of pure and the nanocomposite (PS-0.05CNT, PS-0.05CN, and PS-0.025CNT-0.025CN) for surface morphology, the average roughness, and root mean square of roughness were tested by AFM. The distribution of CNT and CN was exhibited in the PS matrix by the microscope device. The applications of the nanocomposite thin films (PS-0.05CNT, PS-0.05CN, and PS-0.025CNT-0.025CN) such as thermal conductivity, process-ability, electrical conductivity, chemical sensors, and photosensitivity.

The novel work for this study is to make new films for the pure and doped PVC with organosilane; thus, it used organosilane moieties (25 mg) mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) (5 g). Thus drop-casting procedure was utilized to make these thin films. The pure PVC and PVC-organosilane (Si-L-NO2/PVC called SI and Si-L-Br called SII) optical properties were studied under the wavelength range from (250 to 1300 nm) using diffusive reflectance equipment. The optical properties like absorption increased up to (87–95%), while reflectance and transmittance decrease when added organosilane molecules. Furthermore, the dielectric constant (real and imaginary) and optical conductivity enhanced, respectively. On the other hand, Urbach energy increases when adding organosilane to PVC structure from 7.7011 to 14.146 eV; furthermore, skin depth, refractive index, and optical density were figured. The energy gap is reduced from 4 to 2.3 eV for the direct transition and from 3.4 to 1.6 eV for the indirect transition. SEM analysis was implemented over thin films of pure PVC and PVC-organosilane to see the morphology of these surfaces. The AFM analysis was utilized to exhibit the topography of the surfaces, thereby finding the surface roughness and the root-mean-square of the surface for these thin films. The improvement for these thin films is used in many applications such as absorption of the light when used as a coating in flat plate collector, and declines the reflectance in radars, strength external applications such as doors, windows, and the dielectric material in electronic devices.

In the present work, the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-nano-chitosan thin films were prepared, and the influence of filling Cr2O3and TiO2nanoparticles on the lattice was investigated. PVC and nano-chitosan (15 wt.%) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to ultimately form thin films by the casting method. The thin films' optical properties were characterized via a diffusive reflectance device within an approximate wavelength range of 250 to 1300 nm. Furthermore, the transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, absorption, optical conductivity, skin depth, dielectric constant, and Urbach energy were computed. The absorbance values of plain and NPs-filled thin films ranged between 92 and 99%. Also, the energy gap of films filled with NPs was reduced in the direct transmission from 3.9 to 2.9 eV and in the indirect transition from 3.0 to 2.55 eV. However, similar behavior for the Urbach energy was observed. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the interaction between the PVC and nano-chitosan as a new polymer composite. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) test showed a crystalline structure of the thin films, while the microscopic and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images demonstrated a good dispersion of nano-chitosan and NPs within the PVC lattice. The synthesized films could be good candidates for optoelectronics, glass processing, and ceramic production applications.

The present work deals with the shielding properties of polymer composites using gamma ray emitted from (Cs-137), point source. Polymer composites with different Lead ratio (0, 50, and 70 wt. %) with different lead size (powder and shot ball) have been prepared. To clarify the difference in the spectrum absorption gamma rays through the process of exponential equations graphic representation of the count rate as a function of composite thickness. The incident and transmitted intensities were measured using gamma spectrometer Sodium Iodide with traces of Thallium Na I (Tl) scintillator detector connected to a multichannel analyzer using the (USC-30) program. The liner attenuation coefficient were obtain of the prepared samples through graphic representation of natural allegartm count rate as a function of the thickness of absorbent material the obtained data are presented in the form of gamma spectra behind the prepared samples. Linear attenuation coefficients (u) gamma ray were calculate .The results show that, the density of the composites was observed to increase with increase filler loading .The result shows a directly relationship, between the thickness of the absorbent material and liner attenuation confection. The linear attenuation coefficient of the composites was found to increase with increased filler content in the composites and the highest value was 0.277 cm[?]1 was found for 70 wt. % of lead powder. The results shows that, the composites prepared of good absorption for gamma low energy the displayed results indicated that the constructed materials showed good radiation protection properties.

The aryloxybutanoic acid derivatives (I) are prepared by usual methods.