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Inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cause metabolic stress within mucosal tissue. Creatine is a key energetic regulator. We previously reported a loss of creatine kinases (CKs) and the creatine transporter expression in IBD patient intestinal biopsy samples and that creatine supplementation was protective in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mouse model. In the present studies, we evaluated the role of CK loss in active inflammation using the DSS colitis model. Mice lacking expression of CKB/CKMit (CKdKO) showed increased susceptibility to DSS colitis (weight loss, disease activity, permeability, colon length and histology). In a broad cytokine profiling, CKdKO mice expressed near absent IFN-γ levels. We identified losses in IFN-γ production from CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from CKdKO mice. Addback of IFN-γ during DSS treatment resulted in partial protection for CKdKO mice. Extensions of these studies identified basal stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in CKdKO splenocytes and pharmacological stabilization of HIF resulted in reduced IFN-γ production by control splenocytes. Thus, the loss of IFN-γ production by CD4+and CD8+T cells in CKdKO mice resulted in increased colitis susceptibility and indicates that CK is protective in active mucosal inflammation.

The article focuses on the antibacterial finishes for textiles in India. Textile clothing promotes the development of bacteria on the fiber surface by supplying them with water, warmth and nutrients. The significant ones among them are bacteria, dermatophytic fungi, viruses and other parasitic and pathogenic microorganism. Synthetic fibres such as polyester or nylon do not provide such ideal living conditions for micro-organisms.

Long length textured MgO template on Hastelloy C276T (HC) has been successfully deposited in a reel-to-reel (R2R) electron beam (e-beam) evaporation system by inclined substrate deposition (ISD). High deposition rate up to 10 nm s?1with exposure length of 7 cm has been realized. The MgO template showed good in-plane texture of 9.5°-11.5° measured from the (002) phi scans. Experimental results reveal that MgO in-plane texture is formed by the preferred growth direction of normal and one of the MgO {200} planes rotates to the in-flux direction. A new expression, termed the 'two-thirds relationship', between the inclination angle ? and the tilted angle of the (00l) plane from the substrate normal, ?, has been summarized. YBa2Cu3O7??(YBCO) film deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on strontium ruthenate (SRO) buffered ISD MgO showed Tcof 91 K with transition width of 1 K. Critical current measurement indicated an Icof 110 A cm?1at 77 K in self-field for 0.68 µm YBCO film, corresponding to a Jcof 1.6 MA cm?2.

Numerical modeling of multi-turn closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) is presented in this paper for ethanol as a working fluid. Modeling is carried out for 1-mm and 2-mm ID PHP for different numbers of turns, different orientations, and at constant wall temperature boundary conditions. Momentum and heat transfer variations with time are investigated numerically solving the one-dimensional governing equations for vapor bubble and liquid plugs. Evaporation and condensation take place by heat transfer through liquid film present around the vapor bubble. The code takes into account the realistic phenomena such as vapor bubble generation, liquid plug merging, and superheating of vapor bubbles above its saturation temperature. During the merging of liquid plugs, a time-step adaptive scheme is implemented and this minimum time-step was found to be 10−7 s. Nature of flow is investigated by momentum variation plot. Model results are compared with the experimental results from literature for nine different cases. Maximum variation in heat transfer for all these cases is found to be below ±34%.

The performance curves for a single-stage vapor compression heat pump with solution circuit (VCHSC) and for its modified version, the cycle using a subcooler and a preheater, are obtained and are compared for the same total UA value including all heat exchangers. The two cycles are simulated at low and high temperature lifts. The weak solution concentration and flow rate are varied. The parameters studied are the cooling COP, the solution heat exchanger (SHX) effectiveness, the pressure ratio, the solution temperature glides in the absorber and the desorber, the desorber load, and the distribution of the UA value. Changing the weak solution concentration from 20 to 90 wt% ammonia increased the desorber load ten times. The cooling COP improved by as much as 20 percent by incorporating the preheater and the subcooler, for both the low and the high temperature lifts. Compared to the conventional ammonia vapor compression cycle, the modified VCHSC showed a maximum improvement in cooling COP of 88 and 35 percent for the low and high temperature lifts, respectively. The results indicate that VCHSC is a very versatile heat pump and/or refrigeration system suitable for a wide range of applications and changing operating conditions.

The performance curves for a single-stage vapor compression heat pump with solution circuit (VCHSC) and for its modified version, the cycle using a subcooler and a preheater, are obtained and are compared for the same total UA value including all heat exchangers. The two cycles are simulated at low and high temperature lifts. The weak solution concentration and flow rate are varied. The parameters studied are the cooling COP, the solution heat exchanger (SHX) effectiveness, the pressure ratio, the solution temperature glides in the absorber and the desorber, the desorber load, and the distribution of the UA value. Changing the weak solution concentration from 20 to 90 wt% ammonia increased the desorber load ten times. The cooling COP improved by as much as 20 percent by incorporating the preheater and the subcooler, for both the low and the high temperature lifts. Compared to the conventional ammonia vapor compression cycle, the modified VCHSC showed a maximum improvement in cooling COP of 88 and 35 percent for the low and high temperature lifts, respectively. The results indicate that VCHSC is a very versatile heat pump and/or refrigeration system suitable for a wide range of applications and changing operating conditions.

Wild type formyl peptide receptors (FPRwt) and receptors deleted of the carboxyl-terminal 45 amino acids (FPRdel) were stably expressed in undifferentiated HL-60 promyelocytes. Expression of FPRwt reconstituted N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase activity. Expression of FPRdel resulted in a 2-5-fold increase in basal ERK and p38 kinase activity, whereas FMLP failed to stimulate either mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pertussis toxin abolished FMLP stimulation of both MAPKs in FPRwt cells but had no effect on either basal or FMLP-stimulated MAPK activity in FPRdel cells. FMLP stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) binding in membranes from FPRwt but not FPRdel cells. GTPgammaS inhibited FMLP binding to FPRwt but not FPRdel membranes. Photoaffinity labeling with azidoanilide-[gamma-32P]GTP in the presence or absence of FMLP showed increased labeling only in FPRwt membranes. Immunoprecipitation of alphai2 and alphaq/11 from solubilized, photolabeled membranes showed that FPRwt were coupled to alphai2 but not to alphaq/11. FPRwt cells demonstrated calcium mobilization following stimulation with FMLP, whereas FPRdel cells showed no increase in intracellular calcium. We conclude that the carboxyl-terminal tail of FPRs is necessary for ligand-mediated activation of Gi proteins and MAPK cascades. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal tail results in constitutive activation of ERK and p38 kinase through a Gi2-independent pathway.

Novel Long Stroke Reciprocating Compressor is analysed for jaggery making while avoiding burning of bagasse for concentrating juice. Heat of evaporated water vapour along with small compressor work is recycled to enable boiling of juice. Condensate formed during heating of juice is pure water, as oil-less compressor is used. Superheat of compressor is suppressed by flow of superheated vapours through condensate. It limits heating surface temperature and avoids caramelization of sugar. Thereby improves quality of jaggery and eliminates need to use chemicals for colour improvement. Stroke to bore ratio is 0.6 to 1.2 in conventional reciprocating drives. Long stroke in reciprocating compressors enhances heat dissipation to surrounding by providing large surface area and increases isentropic efficiency by reducing compressor outlet temperature. Longer stroke increases inlet and exit valve operation timings, which reduces inertial effects substantially. Thereby allowing use of sturdier valves. This enables handling liquid along with vapour in compressors. Thereby supressing the superheat and reducing compressor power input. Longer stroke increases stroke to clearance ratios which increases volumetric efficiency and ability of compressor to compress through higher pressure ratios efficiently. Stress-strain simulation is performed in SolidWorks for gear drive. Long Stroke Reciprocating Compressor is developed at Heat Pump Laboratory, stroke/bore 292 mm/32 mm. It is operated and tested successfully at different speeds for operational stability of components. Theoretical volumetric efficiency is 93.9% at pressure ratio 2.0. Specific energy consumption is 108.3 kWhe/m3 separated water, considering free run power.