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The appearance of animal bite injuries varies in regard to location and extent. Injuries with puncture wounds involving the extremities carry great risk of infection. Managing the complications often requires substantial medical treatment and increased costs. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the course of disease, medical care, and treatment costs in patients with infected bite injuries. In the year 2000, 16 patients were treated for infection after bite injuries of the extremities. Fourteen patients received substandard therapy because of incorrect assessment of the extent of the bite wound. Because of infection, the average time needed for treatment before returning to work was 3 months, including 12 days of hospitalization and 16 days of out-patient treatment. The average treatment costs exceeded 6,100 Euro for the health insurance companies. Because of its increasing prevalence and inadequate treatment, this type of injury has become a serious public health problem. Das Spektrum der Tierbissverletzungen ist groß und unterscheidet sich nach Lokalisation und Ausdehnung der Wunde. Im Bereich der Extremitäten neigen besonders Verletzungen mit punktuellen Bisskanälen zu Infektionen. Die Behandlung der Komplikationen ist aufwändig und verursacht hohe Kosten. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Auswertung des Krankheitsverlaufes sowie des Behandlungsaufwandes und der dabei entstehenden Kosten bei infizierten Bissverletzungen. Im Jahre 2000 wurden 16 Patienten aufgrund einer Infektion nach einer Tierbissverletzung der Extremitäten behandelt. Bei 14 Patienten wurde initial das Verletzungsausmaß unterschätzt, was eine unzureichende Therapie zur Folge hatte. Aufgrund der Infektion resultierte eine durchschnittliche Behandlungsdauer bis zur Wiederherstellung der Arbeitsfähigkeit von 3 Monaten mit insgesamt 12 stationären und 16 ambulanten Behandlungstagen pro Patient. Aus der Perspektive der Krankenversicherung betrugen die Behandlungskosten pro Patient im Durchschnitt über 6.100 Euro. Die steigende Prävalenz und unzureichende Behandlung dieser Verletzungen stellt ein bedeutendes gesundheitswissenschaftliches Problem dar.

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Summary A new dual isotope scintigraphic (DISC) examination of the carotid arteries consisting of simultaneous injections of 111In-labeled platelets and 99mTc-labeled red cells was performed on eight male patients suffering from amaurosis fugax attacks. In concordance with the angiographically proven high percentage of significant extracranial carotid disease in patients with amaurosis fugax, six of the eight patients examined had an increased platelet accumulation in the carotid artery clinically affected. In one patient with normal angiography and one amaurosis fugax attack the platelet scintigraphy even revealed a pathological platelet accumulation in the ipsilateral carotid artery. These findings confirm the hypothesis that most amaurosis fugax attacks are due to arterio-arterial emboli originating from atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid bifurcation.

It is a fact that Japan, considering its importance as the third largest market in the world, has until now been neglected by Western companies. This neglect originates more often than not in a basic lack of understanding of the specific peculiarities of the Japanese behavior. This lack of understanding seems, in its turn, to be the result of an informational shortage in regard to the Japanese civilization. This is the only possible explanation for the fact that both Europeans and Americans still speak of Japanese patterns of behavior as to appear occasionally irrational and as such difficult to predict. That fact alone clearly proves the importance of undertaking a sincere investigation of the essential aspects of Japanese sociocultural structures and relationships. Such an investigation will enable Western manager to develop a basic understanding of Japanese patterns of behavior. Cooperation with Japanese enterprises is often the most satisfactory policy towards truly successful marketing of products in that country. The main problems, however, in cooperating with Japanese firms will in most cases emerge from the sociocultural context as described above, especially in the event of direct and personal contacts between members of the two cultures.

Zusammenfassung: Der hier vorgenommene Versuch, die Mglichkeiten einer Kontraktion von Polythylenoxyd-Ketten valenztheoretisch zu erklren, sttzt sich auf zwei Effekte:

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