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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most popular hole transport materials for replacing traditional high-temperature boron diffusion technology due to its low cost and easy preparation. However, pristine PEDOT:PSS has drawbacks, such as poor work function (WF) and poor film quality, which inhibit the improvement of cell efficiency. According to current research reports, a single dopant can improve only one of these two drawbacks. In this paper, we used Nafion to simultaneously improve the WF and wettability of PEDOT:PSS for preparing novel PEDOT:PSS/n-Si hybrid heterojunction solar cells with a tunnel-oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) back surface field structure, which we call PEDOT:PSS-Nafion (PPN)/n-Si hybrid heterojunction TOPCon solar cell. A cell efficiency of 11.08% was achieved after optimizing the ratio of PEDOT:PSS and Nafion. The three easily improved parameters, namely, series resistance (RS), reflectivity, and WF, were studied and optimized through simulation, achieving a cell efficiency of 20.66%. To reduce RSin the experiment, the Triton X-100-doped PEDOT:PSS film (PPTX) was introduced between the n-Si and PPN films to form highly conductive PPN/PPTX double hole transport layers, and the cell efficiency was increased from 11.08 to 13.7%. The experimental and simulated work presented a new thought and practical guidance for realizing low-cost, easy preparation, and high-efficiency silicon-based solar cells.

In this work, a novel integrated shield gate 4H-SiC MOSFET structure, which is mainly used to reduce the reverse recovery losses of the device, is proposed. Compared with integrating Schottky barrier diode or heterojunction diode in the device to reduce reverse recovery losses, the technology of introducing field plates in MOSFETs is more mature and economical. At the same time, the new structure studied ensures the gate oxide reliability of the 4H-SiC trench gate. According to the simulation of the electrical characteristics of the source-contacted shield gate device, the effects of multiple factors such as electric field distribution, carrier concentration, and peripheral circuit are comprehensively discussed, the phenomenon of smaller reverse recovery losses caused by the shield gate explained in detail. Compared with the conventional structure device, the peak reverse current, the peak overshoot voltage, and the reverse recovery losses for the source-contacted shield gate MOSFETs are reduced by 81.4%, 77.1%, and 65.1%, respectively.

Minimum weighted vertex cover (MWVC) is an important optimization problem in the application of complex network theory, and the asymmetric game model sheds light on the essential mechanism of the MWVC. In this paper, a new condition for the effectiveness of the asymmetric game is discovered based on the imbalance of weighted networks. When the new condition satisfies, a Nash equilibrium (NE) becomes a bridge state between vertex cover (VC) state and MWVC state, and any initial state of the network can reach the NE following the feedback-based best response (FBR) algorithm. Numerical experiments verify that this new condition has stronger stability and wider range of applications than the original one. FBR algorithm with the new condition shows superiority over other distributed algorithms. We also qualitatively clarify the network property factors affecting the performance of MWVC to some extent.

Background: Connecting genes to phenotypes is still a great challenge in genetics. Research related to gene-phenotype associations has made remarkable progress recently due to high-throughput sequencing technology and genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, these genes, which are considered to be significantly associated with a target phenotype according to traditional GWAS, are less precise or subject to greater confounding. Objective: The present study is an attempt to prioritize functional genes for complex phenotypes employing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network-based systems genetics methods on available GWAS results. Methods: In this paper, we calculated the functional gene enrichment ratios of the trait ontology of A. thaliana for three common systems genetics methods (i.e. GeneRank, K-shell and HotNet2). Then, comparison of gene enrichment ratios obtained by PPI network-based methods was performed. Finally, a hybrid model was proposed, integrating GeneRank, comprehensive score algorithm and HotNet diffusion- oriented subnetworks (HotNet2) to prioritize functional genes. Results: These PPI network-based systems genetics methods were indeed useful for prioritizing 775henoltype-associated genes. And functional gene enrichment ratios calculated from the top 20% of GeneRank-identified genes were higher than these ratios of K-shell and these ratios of HotNet2 for most phenotypes. However, the hybrid model can improve the efficiency of functional gene enrichment for A. thaliana (up to 40%). Conclusion: The present study provides a hybrid method integrating GeneRank, comprehensive score algorithm and HotNet2 to prioritize functional genes. The method will contribute to functional genomics in plants. The source data and codes are freely available at http://47.242.161.60/Plant/.

Background: The morphology and classification of posterior malleolus (PM) fractures remain controversial. An increasing number of studies have found that merely focusing on the fragment size does not lead to a satisfactory prognosis. This study aimed to demonstrate the fracture line and comminution zones of PM fractures using computed tomography (CT), in order to provide insights into the injury mechanism of PM fractures.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 95 patients with PM fractures between 2013 and 2018 at a level 1 trauma center. The CT data of the PM of the patients were reconstructed using software. Images of all patients were superimposed together, and drawn as a heat map of the fragments and line distributions of PM fractures.Results: Our study included 66 type I, 19 type II, and 10 type III PM fractures according to the classification of Haraguchi. In the single-fragment fracture group, the fracture lines were mainly concentrated in the posterolateral tibial tubercle area (Volkmann’s tubercle) and a larger tubercle area involving the tibialis posterior groove. In the multifragment fracture group, there were 10 (43.5%) patients with a 2-fragment pattern and 13 (56.5%) patients with a compressive-fragment pattern.Conclusion: According to the fracture map and previous studies on the syndesmosis, our study provides a different understanding of the pathomechanisms of ankle injuries compared with previous classifications of PM fractures.Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective study.

Tumor organoids recapitulate pathological properties and would serve as an excellent ex vivo model for drug discovery. Here, we performed an unbiased drug screening on drivers-defined tumor organoids from mouse endometrial cancer, the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in human, with a small molecule library targeting epigenetic factors. Among them, menin-MLL inhibitors MI-136 and MI-463 scored. The therapeutic capacity of MI-136 was further validated in tumor organoids in vitro and an orthotopic model in vivo. CRISPR/cas9-mediated mutations of major components of the menin-MLL complex, Men1, Kmt2a and Ash2l, inhibited the growth of tumor organoids, suggesting that the complex was the target of MI-136. Transcriptome analysis showed that the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway was the most significantly downregulated pathway by MI-136 treatment. Consistently, Men1, Kmt2a, and Ash2lknockout also repressed the expressions of the HIF target genes. Loss of Hif1aor Hif1bpartially phenocopied the inhibition of the menin-MLL complex by MI-136 or mutations in term of tumor organoid growth. Further, we found that MEN1was upregulated in human endometrial cancers, which were tightly correlated with the expression levels of HIF1A, and associated with poor prognosis. Importantly, MI-136 also significantly inhibited the growth of endometrial cancer organoids derived from patients. Thus, our study identified MI-136 as a potential inhibitor for endometrial cancer through regulating the HIF pathway, a novel molecular mechanism distinguished from those in AML and prostate cancer.

To construct a prediction model based on peritumoral radiomics signatures from CT images and investigate its efficiency in predicting early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment. In total, 156 patients with primary HCC were randomly divided into the training cohort (109 patients) and the validation cohort (47 patients). From the pretreatment CT images, we extracted 3-phase two-dimensional images from the largest cross-sectional area of the tumor. A region of interest (ROI) was manually delineated around the lesion for tumoral radiomics (T-RO) feature extraction, and another ROI was outlined with an additional 2 cm peritumoral area for peritumoral radiomics (PT-RO) feature extraction. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model was applied for feature selection and model construction. The T-RO and PT-RO models were constructed. In the validation cohort, the prediction efficiencies of the two models and peritumoral enhancement (PT-E) were evaluated qualitatively by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curves and quantitatively by area under the curve (AUC), the category-free net reclassification index (cfNRI) and integrated discrimination improvement values (IDI). By comparing AUC values, the prediction accuracy in the validation cohort was good for the PT-RO model (0.80 vs. 0.79, P= 0.47) but poor for the T-RO model (0.82 vs. 0.62, P< 0.01), which was significantly overfitted. In the validation cohort, the ROC curves, calibration curves and decision curves indicated that the PT-RO model had better calibration efficiency and provided greater clinical benefits. CfNRI indicated that the PT-RO model correctly reclassified 47% of ER patients and 32% of non-ER patients compared to the T-RO model (P < 0.01); additionally, the PT-RO model correctly reclassified 24% of ER patients and 41% of non-ER patients compared to PT-E (P= 0.02). IDI indicated that the PT-RO model could improve prediction accuracy by 0.22 (P < 0.01) compared to the T-RO model and by 0.20 (P= 0.01) compared to PT-E. The CT-based PT-RO model can effectively predict the ER of HCC and is more efficient than the T-RO model and the conventional imaging feature PT-E.

Microgravity in the space environment can potentially have various negative effects on the human body, one of which is bone loss. Given the increasing frequency of human space activities, there is an urgent need to identify effective anti-osteoporosis drugs for the microgravity environment. Traditional microgravity experiments conducted in space suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures, high costs, and small sample sizes. In recent years, the in-silico drug discovery method has emerged as a promising strategy due to the advancements in bioinformatics and computer technology. In this study, we first collected a total of 184,915 literature articles related to microgravity and bone loss. We employed a combination of dependency path extraction and clustering techniques to extract data from the text. Afterwards, we conducted data cleaning and standardization to integrate data from several sources, including The Global Network of Biomedical Relationships (GNBR), Curated Drug-Drug Interactions Database (DDInter), Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals (STITCH), DrugBank, and Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database (TCMID). Through this integration process, we constructed the Microgravity Biology Knowledge Graph (MBKG) consisting of 134,796 biological entities and 3,395,273 triplets. Subsequently, the TransE model was utilized to perform knowledge graph embedding. By calculating the distances between entities in the model space, the model successfully predicted potential drugs for treating osteoporosis and microgravity-induced bone loss. The results indicate that out of the top 10 ranked western medicines, 7 have been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. Additionally, among the top 10 ranked traditional Chinese medicines, 5 have scientific literature supporting their effectiveness in treating bone loss. Among the top 20 predicted medicines for microgravity-induced bone loss, 15 have been studied in microgravity or simulated microgravity environments, while the remaining 5 are also applicable for treating osteoporosis. This research highlights the potential application of MBKG in the field of space drug discovery.

To evaluate the effectiveness of orthodontics in combination with porcelain laminate veneers (PLV) in the aesthetic restoration and flora regulation of anterior teeth. A retrospective analysis of 336 patients who underwent aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in our hospital from April 2019 to September 2022 was performed and divided into a control group (n = 168) and an observation group (n = 168) according to the restorative modality. The restorative modality in the control group was conventional restorative remediation, while the restorative modality in the observation group was orthodontic combined with PLV treatment. To evaluate the excellent rate of aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in the 2 groups, and compare the color, shape, degree of translucency, edge aesthetic score, complications and satisfaction rate of restoration of anterior teeth in the 2 groups before and after restoration. The observation group had a significantly higher rate of excellent aesthetic restorations (95.23%) compared to the control group (80.95%) (P< .001). The scores of anterior tooth color, morphology, degree of translucency and marginal aesthetics were improved in both groups after restoration compared to before restoration, and the scores were significantly higher in the observation group (P< .05). After restoration, the subgingival Digestive streptococcus, Campylobacter and Propionibacterium increased in both groups, but the number of bacterial strains was significantly less in the observation group (P< .05). Compared with the total complication rate in the control group (16.66%), the total complication rate in the observation group (2.38%) was significantly lower (P< .001). Compared with the control group (85.71%), the observation group had a significantly higher restoration satisfaction rate of 97.61%, with a statistically significant difference (P< .001). The application of orthodontics combined with PLV in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth has a significant clinical effect, which is conducive to improving the aesthetic restoration and satisfaction rate of anterior teeth, reducing the subgingival microbial imbalance and decreasing the incidence of complications.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), the pathogen of tuberculosis (TB), is one of the most infectious bacteria in the world. The traditional strategy to combat TB involves targeting the pathogen directly; however, the rapid evolution of drug resistance lessens the efficiency of this anti-TB method. Therefore, in recent years, some researchers have turned to an alternative anti-TB strategy, which hinders Mtb infection through targeting host genes. In this work, using a theoretical genetic analysis, we identified 170 Mtb infection-associated genes from human genetic variations related to Mtb infection. Then, the agents targeting these genes were identified to have high potential as anti-TB drugs. In particular, the agents that can target multiple Mtb infection-associated genes are more druggable than the single-target counterparts. These potential anti-TB agents were further screened by gene expression data derived from connectivity map. As a result, some agents were revealed to have high interest for experimental evaluation. This study not only has important implications for anti-TB drug discovery, but also provides inspirations for streamlining the pipeline of modern drug discovery.

The paper intends to study the seismic performance of the frame-supported multi-ribbed composite wall (FSMRC wall) with large space at the bottom and with that purpose, it conducts low-reversed cyclic loading experiment to two such specimens, with their scales reduced by 1/2 of the prototypes. Afterwards, the paper looks into the major parameters – failure process, the hysteresis of the vertex-horizontal displacement and of inter-storey displacement, the skeleton curves and the loading–strain curves of the members’ reinforcing steels – of the specimens, both with and without holes, and then carries out comparative studies on the results. On this basis, the stiffness degradation and the residual deformation ratio are discussed, and the experiment results stand as the following: the structure as a whole delivers an extraordinary seismic performance, thanks to the unique layer-by-layer embedded upper design. It should be noted that the failure process and the stiffness degradation of both specimens, with and without the holes, are found to be roughly consistent; at the same time, both has proven to be fairly good in terms of displacement ductility, collapse resistance and repairability.

Mobile SNS is one of the most popular topics of mobile Internet. In order to fulfill the user demand for self-maintained independent social network and ensure the privacy of their personal information and resources, the paper proposes system architecture of decentralized mobile SNS. In the temporary scenarios, the system makes use of the existent specification of FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend) to describe users' personal information and act as a certificate to be identified by SNS sites. Ticket-based Access Authorization System (TAAS) is provided to grant permission to acquire resources on personal portal. Meanwhile, the mechanism and algorithm are devised for user profile complete deletion when users are going to quit the service for the temporary scenarios.

With our modified triangular cord thickness parameter and gallbladder classification, most infants with biliary atresia could be identified among infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Soil shear strength is an important physical performance of rock and soil, so the soil shear strength measurements play an important role in monitoring and prevention for landslide hazard point. In order to achieve on-site monitoring of landslide hazard points, this article presents a device for field measurement on soil shear strength. This device consists of cross board, torque sensor, stepper motor, single-chip ,with microcontroller hardware circuit to measure the soil shear strength.

When tackling the problem of mining multiple fake identities which are controlled by the same individual in internet, traditional techniques used to analyze the posted comments using text-based methods. However, these texts are always in colloquial style which make the effect may not be as obvious as expected. In this paper a new multiple identities linking algorithm is proposed based on the fine-grained analysis of co-occurrence degree of user accounts using sliding window model. Finally, a series of experiments show the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Expound the importance of soil shear strength measurement at mudslide hidden point to release the loss caused by the disaster, explain the relationship between shear wave velocity, moisture content and shear strength, design the shear strength monitoring system combining the shear wave velocity measured by Piezoelectric bender elements and moisture content.

Soil shear strength is an important physical performance of rock and soil, so the soil shear strength measurements play an important role in monitoring and prevention for landslide hazard point. In order to achieve on-site monitoring of landslide hazard points, this article presents a device for field measurement on soil shear strength, The device consists of cross board, torque sensor, stepper motor, single-chip hardware circuit and other components. When measuring,the single chip microcomputer (SCM) control stepper motor to drive the cross board sheared in the soil, through the coaxial plate shear force torque sensor on the cross board to measure the torque signal ,then the torque signals are transmitted to SCM, the SCM for data processing to calculate the soil shear strength.

In order to balance axial mounting stiffness of lithographic projection lenses and the image quality under dynamic working conditions, an easy inverse axial mounting stiffness design method is developed in this article. Imaging quality deterioration at the wafer under different axial vibration levels is analyzed. The desired image quality can be determined according to practical requirements, and axial vibrational tolerance of each lens is solved with the damped least-squares method. Based on adaptive interval adjustment, a binary search algorithm, and the finite element method, the axial mounting stiffness of each lens can be traveled in a large interval, and converges to a moderate numerical solution which makes the axial vibrational amplitude of the lens converge to its axial vibrational tolerance. Model simulation is carried out to validate the effectiveness of the method.

The use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to regenerate distal lung epithelia damaged by injuries or diseases requires development of safe and efficient methodologies that direct ESC differentiation into transplantable distal lung epithelial progenitors. Time-consuming culture procedure and low differentiation efficiency are major problems that are associated with conventional differentiation approaches via embryoid body formation. The use of a growth factor cocktail or a lung-specific cell-conditioned medium to enrich definitive endoderm for efficient differentiation of mouse ESCs (mESC) into alveolar epithelial progenitor type II cells (ATIICs) has been reported, but not yet successful for generating a homogenous population of ATIICs for tissue regeneration purpose, and it remains unclear whether or not those mESC-derived ATIICs possess normal biological functions. Here, we report a novel method using a genetically modified mESC line harboring an ATIIC-specific neomycinRtransgene in Rosa 26 locus. We showed that ATIICs can be efficiently differentiated from mESCs as early as day 7 by culturing them directly on Matrigel-coated plates in DMEM containing 15% knockout serum replacement. With this culture condition, the genetically modified mESCs can be selectively differentiated into a homogenous population (>99%) of ATIICs. Importantly, the mESC-derived ATIICs (mESC-ATIICs) exhibited typical lamellar bodies and expressed surfactant protein A, B, and C as normal control ATIICs. When cultured with an air–liquid–interface culture system in Small Airway Epithelial Cell Growth Medium, the mESC-ATIICs can be induced to secrete surfactant proteins after being treated with dibutyryl cAMP+dexamethasone. These mESC-ATIICs can synthesize and secrete surfactant lipid in response to secretagogue, demonstrating active surfactant metabolism in mESC-ATIICs as that seen in normal control ATIICs. In addition, we demonstrated that the selected mESC-ATIICs can be maintained on Matrigel-coated plates for at least 4 days with robust proliferative capacity. When cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% FBS, mESC-ATIICs spontaneously differentiated into alveolar epithelial type I cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the genetically modified mESCs can be selectively differentiated into a homogenous population of functional ATIICs, providing a reliable cell source to explore their therapeutic potential in lung tissue regeneration.

With the number of power transmission and transformation projects increasing, it needs to consider more indices information and utilize more comprehensive evaluation methods in the decision-making of building schemes. As a consequence, a comprehensive evaluation indices system, including the indices of network security, economy, environmental friendliness, adaptation and coordination of the power transmission and transformation engineering system, is firstly built to evaluation construction schemes. Then this paper proposes a multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation method for power transmission and transformation projects. In this method, the optimal combination weighting method based on the moment estimation is adopted to weight for every index. It can overcome the weakness of the subjective weighting methods and the objective methods. After that, the optimal scheme is obtained by the grey correlation-cosine prioritizing evaluation method, which can take into account the distance and angle information of schemes. Finally, the example shows this method can fully consider overall information of each index, having good operability.

This paper demonstrates an asynchronous-stepwise updated strategy multi-objective particle swarm optimization (ASU-MOPSO) algorithm to improve the convergence and diversity of the multi-objective particle swarm optimization. In the process of the elite reduction, we utilize the asynchronous grid strategy to filter particles since this strategy has lower computing complexity. Meanwhile, the stepwised Euclidean crowding distance strategy is presented to filter particles within every grid, which uses the sum of the Euclidean distance with the two nearest particles to replace of the traditional crowding distance. This strategy can avoid the destruction of distribution diversity. Finally, our algorithm is successfully applied for the actual power transmission and transformation project establishing and decision-making problem. Comparing with traditional MOPSO based on crowding distance strategy and grid strategy, our algorithm can obtain the better solution.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have great therapeutic potential in repairing defective lung alveoli. However, genetic abnormalities caused by vector integrations and low efficiency in generating hiPSCs, as well as difficulty in obtaining transplantable hiPSC‐derived cell types are still major obstacles. Here we report a novel strategy using a single nonviral site‐specific targeting vector with a combination of Tet‐On inducible gene expression system, Cre/loxP switching gene expression system, and alveolar epithelial type II cell (ATIIC)‐specific NeomycinRtransgene expression system. With this strategy, a single copy of all of the required transgenes can be specifically knocked into a site immediately downstream of β‐2‐microglobulin (B2M) gene locus at a high frequency, without causing B2M dysfunction. Thus, the expression of reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, cMyc, and Klf4, can be precisely regulated for efficient reprogramming of somatic cells into random integration‐free or genetic mutation‐free hiPSCs. The exogenous reprogramming factor transgenes can be subsequently removed after reprogramming by transient expression of Crerecombinase, and the resulting random integration‐free and exogenous reprogramming factor‐free hiPSCs can be selectively differentiated into a homogenous population of ATIICs. In addition, we show that these hiPSC‐derived ATIICs exhibit ultrastructural characteristics and biological functions of normal ATIICs. When transplanted into bleomycin‐challenged mice lungs, hiPSC‐derived ATIICs efficiently remain and re‐epithelialize injured alveoli to restore pulmonary function, preventing lung fibrosis and increasing survival without tumorigenic side effect. This strategy allows for the first time efficient generation of patient‐specific ATIICs for possible future clinical applications. StemCells2014;32:402–413

The use of thin plastic film to cover slope surfaces can lead to slope runoff and soil erosion in Loess hilly areas in northwest China. Three main factors (slope, rainfall intensity, and coverage ratio) were selected to analyze variations in runoff dynamics for a Lou soil surface and to obtain a theoretical foundation for practical application. The results indicate that for a fixed rainfall intensity and coverage ratio, a critical slope gradient close to 26.8% was observed. For a fixed coverage ratio and slope gradient, the cumulative runoff volume increased with the rainfall intensity. Overland flow varied with the coverage ratio and this can be attributed to increases in the cumulative runoff volume and runoff velocity with increasing coverage ratio. The experimental results show that for double-ridge cultivation with film mulching, the best coverage ratio is 50:150. This ratio not only reduces moisture evaporation and promotes soil conservation, but also effectively improves rainwater utilization and reduces soil erosion. In addition, for slope gradients exceeding 26.8%, runoff decreases and the soil infiltration capacity increases, so a slope gradient of 26.836.4% is optimal for the local cultivation model.

Nowadays, more and more people use microblogs to share information. Consequently, mining microblog users behavior features is very valuable. In the paper, we propose a user interest mining framework. After data pre-processing, VSM is used to generate the feature vector of the tweet sets. Furthermore, k-bit binaries called interest hash-value and continuous interest hash-value are generated by use of Simhash algorithm. The user interests and change patterns could be mined by analyzing the hamming distance sequences between adjacent two hash-values. Taking Sina microblog as background, a series of experiments are done to prove the effectiveness of the algorithms.

Nowadays, it is common that people have several identities in different online social networks where their identities information is stored as user profiles. Matching cross-platform user profiles becomes a spotlight in the future research. In the paper, we propose a profile matching framework. Depending on the format of each field, different string similarity measures are adopted. Meanwhile, each fields importance is considered. At last, we evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed methods by experiments.

Optimum receiver model for channels with Intersymbol Interference (ISI) and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) are introduced to deduce the Viterbi algorithm in the Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE). Finally, we use Matlab to simulate the algorithm in three different channels and analyze the experiment results. Analyses show that the Viterbi algorithm is applicable for any channel which is optimum from a probability of error viewpoint; the MLSE for channels with ISI has a computational complexity that grows exponentially with the length of channels time dispersion L; the loss of performance is negligible when the decoding delay achieves 5L.

According to the experience of traffic accident investigation over the years, the pointer of some crashed vehicles’ speedometer will stay in one place because of collision spread or heavily vibration, which may indicate the vehicle collision speed. However, the correlation between the residual speed value and actual vehicle collision speed still remains to be examined. For the practical needs of traffic accident reconstruction, this research work is carried out. Based on the principles of traditional speedometers, vehicle impact mechanics and failure mechanism, the damage and failure mode of speedometer in collision are studied. Through the statistics of 15 real traffic accident cases, the features and law about the pointer information of damaged speedometers are obtained initially. As an example, one of these cases is analyzed and calculated to verify the assumption. The availability of the mark information on the indicated place of speedometer after accidents (i.e. the correlation between the speed value of pointers and actual vehicle collision speed) is discussed, which can provide effective means and references for accident reconstruction and vehicle speed identification.

This paper presents an optimized FIR filter implementation by using the method of improving coefficient precision at reasonable cost. The comparable results of traditional fix-point implementation and the optimization method show that the high-precision FIR filter design method is universal and easy to implement. Plus the employment of multi-stage pipelining and parallel structure, FIR filter performs higher operating frequency. Let’s take a 32-order lowpass FIR filter as an example, original coefficients are generated on MATLAB, and translated into optimized coefficients according to the optimization method. The functional simulations verify the effective performance, while the synthesis is carried out to analyze the utilization of resources and maximum frequency.

Abstract: Neuronal progenitor cells cultured on gold-coated glass surfaces modified by different chemical functional groups, including hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), bromo (-Br), mercapto (-SH), - Phenyl and methyl (-CH3), were studied here to investigate the influence of surface chemistry on the cells’ adhesion, morphology, proliferation and functional gene expression. Focal adhesion staining indicated in the initial culture stage cells exhibited morphological changes in response to different chemical functional groups. Cells cultured on -NH2 grafted surface displayed focal adhesion plaque and flattened morphology and had the largest contact area. However, their counter parts on -CH3 grafted surface displayed no focal adhesion and rounded morphology and had the smallest contact area. After 6 days culture, the proliferation trend was as follows: -NH2 > -SH> -COOH> - Phenyl > - Br > -OH> -CH3. To determine the neural functional properties of the cells affected by surface chemistry, the expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were characterized. An increase of GAD67 expression was observed on -NH2, -COOH and -SH grafted surfaces, while no increase in NGF and BDNF expression was observed on any chemical surfaces. These results highlight the importance of surface chemistry in the fate determination of neuronal progenitor cells, and suggest that surface chemistry must be considered in the design of biomaterials for neural tissue engineering.

An organic octupolar molecule with active hydroxyl groups was designed and synthesized. The structure and propertie of the organic molecule was characterized by IR,1H MNR, UV-vis and DSC-TG. The maximum absorption wavelength of the compound is 439 nm. The critical wavelength is below 710 nm. The compound is thermally stable with the decomposition temperature of 401℃, and consequently could be considered to be a better choice for the preparation of NLO material.

This paper presents a method that allows a conventional dual-camera structured light system to directly acquire the three-dimensional shape of the whole surface of an object with high dynamic range of surface reflectivity. To reduce the degradation in area-based correlation caused by specular highlights and diffused darkness, we first disregard these highly specular and dark pixels. Then, to solve this problem and further obtain unmatched area data, this binocular vision system was also used as two camera-projector monocular systems operated from different viewing angles at the same time to fill in missing data of the binocular reconstruction. This method involves producing measurable images by integrating such techniques as multiple exposures and high dynamic range imaging to ensure the capture of high-quality phase of each point. An image-segmentation technique was also introduced to distinguish which monocular system is suitable to reconstruct a certain lost point accurately. Our experiments demonstrate that these techniques extended the measurable areas on the high dynamic range of surface reflectivity such as specular objects or scenes with high contrast to the whole projector-illuminated field.

Acquiring a high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) shape of a large-scale object from multiple uncalibrated camera views remains a big challenge, since a considerable number of images is required to cover the entire surface; the use of multiple images could, however, result in accumulative errors from each processed image. Here error propagation rules in the 3D reconstruction process have been deduced on the basis of the traditional dual-view reconstruction method. We propose a method that can control the accumulative errors by reducing the times of coordinate transformation with common-view-based dual-view reconstruction. This method involves constructing an image network composed of many image groups, each of which contains a common view. A baseline threshold method is introduced to construct a high-quality image network, and the sums or reprojection residual of all the common points is proposed to assess the validity of the solutions of the orientation. Experiments carried out with both synthetic and real images demonstrate that the proposed method can handle the accumulative error problem with robust and highly accurate results.

GPU provides higher peak performance with hundreds of cores than CPU counterpart. However, it is a big challenge to take full advantage of their computing power. In order to understand performance bottlenecks of applications on many-core GPU and then optimize parallel programs on GPU architectures, we propose a performance evaluating model based on memory wall and then classify applications into AbM (Application bound-in Memory) and AbC (Application bound-in Computing). Furthermore, we optimize kernels characterized with low memory bandwidth including matrix multiplication and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) by employing texture cache on NVIDIA GTX280 using CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Experimental results show that texture cache is helpful for AbM with better data locality, so it is critical to utilize GPU memory hierarchy efficiently for performance improvement.

By considering the static voltage characteristic of the load, we propose a WAMS/SCADA mixed nonlinear method to estimate the voltage of unobservable buses caused by topology change or phasor measurement unit (PMU) malfunction in a power system. By modeling the load characteristic with data from SCADA, we employed the Gauss-Seidel method to solve the nonlinear equations and estimate the voltage of unobservable buses with the high precision voltages of neighboring buses measured by a PMU. Simulations were carried out on the IEEE 39-bus system, and the results show that this novel method can dynamically and accurately trace the variation of the voltage phasor of the unobservable buses.

A method is proposed to monitor and control Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems using the information from wide area measurement systems (WAMSs). The power method (PM) is adopted to compute the pair of conjugate eigenvalues with the algebraically largest real part and the corresponding eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix of a power system. The distance between the current equilibrium point and the Hopf bifurcation set can be monitored dynamically by computing the pair of conjugate eigenvalues. When the current equilibrium point is close to the Hopf bifurcation set, the approximate normal vector to the Hopf bifurcation set is computed and used as a direction to regulate control parameters to avoid a Hopf bifurcation in the power system described by differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by regulating the reactive power loads in a 14-bus power system.

Surface sink is a main geological calamity of gold mining areas and a main factor to restrict economic sustainable development of mining zone. Based on former investigations, this article draws the environment information of surface sink of exploration vacancy in gold mining area of Zhaoyuan City, Shangdong Province by RS technology. Through spatial simulation analysis and expert diagnoses on the basis of GIS technology, the article affirms the inducement factors of the surface sink. Then using these factors as distinguishing ones the authors prognosticate the criticality of other exploration vacancies. The results indicate that the surface sink area of study area in Zhaoyuan City, has already come to 0.78km2and it is forecasted that 0.97km2of the exploration vacancy belongs to high danger area. Decisive measures need taking in order to prevent this crucial problem. Another 1.57km2of the exploration vacancies belongs to middle danger area, which will sink when meeting some inducing factors, such as earthquake. Still another 1.53km2of the exploration vacancies belongs to low danger area that can not lead to surface sink when meeting common inducing factors.

Urea and thiourea inclusion complexes have been prepared containing conjugated polyene chromophores. Dialkylpolyenes with n-alkane tails form complexes with urea; carotenoids and diphenylpolyenes form complexes with thiourea. In some cases the chromophoric groups are diluted by incorporation of saturated hydrocarbons into the inclusion complexes. The resulting crystals are highly dichroic with their maximum absorption along the crystallographic hexagonal c-axis. Polarized fluorescence excitation studies (of the urea n-alkylpolyene complexes) and polarized single crystal resonance Raman studies (of the thiourea carotenoid and diphenylpolyene complexes) have been performed and are interpreted in terms of the orientation of the transition dipole of these polyenes with respect to the molecular axis.

A membrane bioreactor system comprised of a fermenter and a flat pervaporation module was developed for continuous ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to obtain the guidelines for high sugar concentration fermentation, the dependence of glucose concentration on the coupled system was investigated. Fed by 158 and 290g glucose/l, the improvement in productivity was obtained with 1. 58 and 1. 86 times, and the ethanol yield was 0. 45 and 0. 395, respectively. With the fermentation proceeding, the permeate flux decreased but the selectivity kept unaltered.

Uniform design was introduced as a new approach of designing fermentation medium. The production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiaewas used as a model system to investigate its applicability. Six factors, each at 10 levels experiments based on uniform design were carried out. As a result, the empirical mathematical models could successfully predict the experimental results with very good accuracy. In contrast with orthogonal design, uniform design has advantages of less experiments and higher working effeciency. Furthermore, factor influences on operation performance can be easily analyzed.

Study on the effect of waterborne epoxy resin on coating properties. The experimental results show that the basic and mechanical properties of the paint film will be enhanced with the appropriate increase of curing agent. When the amount of waterborne epoxy resin: curing agent = 1:1.25, the film performance is the best. When the curing agent content continues to increase, it will affect the performance of the coating; The amount of distilled water in waterborne epoxy resin also affects the performance of the paint film. When the amount of waterborne epoxy resin: distilled water consumption = 1:1.25, the film performance is the best, When the amount of distilled water continues to increase, the viscosity, impact strength and hardness of the paint film begin to decrease.

Using the third-order shear deflection beam theory (TBT), nonlinear bending of functionally graded (FG) beams composed with various amounts of ceramic and metal is analyzed utilizing the differential quadrature method (DQM). The properties of beam material are supposed to accord with the power law index along to thickness. First, according to the principle of stationary potential energy, the partial differential control formulae of the FG beams subjected to a distributed lateral force are derived. To obtain numerical results of the nonlinear bending, non-dimensional boundary conditions and control formulae are dispersed by applying the DQM. To verify the present solution, several examples are analyzed for nonlinear bending of homogeneous beams with various edges. A minute parametric research is in progress about the effect of the law index, transverse shear deformation, distributed lateral force and boundary conditions.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are a rich source of potential leads for drug development. However, there are fundamental differences between traditional Chinese medical concepts and modern pharmacology, which greatly hinder the modern development of TCM. To address this challenge, new techniques associated with genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics have been used to dissect the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM. This review article provides an overview of the current research in this area, and illustrates the potential of omic and bioinformatic methods in TCM-based drug discovery.

Summary: We report a novel protein domain—G8—which contains five repeated β-strand pairs and is present in some disease-related proteins such as PKHD1, KIAA1199, TMEM2 as well as other uncharacterized proteins. Most G8-containing proteins are predicted to be membrane-integral or secreted. The G8 domain may be involved in extracellular ligand binding and catalysis. It has been reported that mis-sense mutations in the two G8 domains of human PKHD1 protein resulted in a less stable protein and are associated with autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease, indicating the importance of the domain structure. G8 is also present in the N-terminus of some non-syndromic hearing loss disease-related proteins such as KIAA1109 and TMEM2. Discovery of G8 domain will be important for the research of the structure/function of related proteins and beneficial for the development of novel therapeutics. Contact: liangsp@hunnu.edu.cn

Summary: The Differentially Expressed Protein Database was designed to store the output of comparative proteomics studies and provides a publicly available query and analysis platform for data mining. The database contains information about more than 3000 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) manually extracted from the published literature, including relevant biological, experimental and methodological elements. Tools for visualization and functional analysis of DEPs are provided via a user-friendly webinterface. Availability: http://protchem.hunnu.edu.cn/depd/ Contact: liangsp@hunnu.edu.cn