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Introduction: Acute postoperative pain is a major concern among surgical patients. Thus, this study established a new acute pain management model and compared the effects of the acute pain service (APS) model in 2020 and the virtual pain unit (VPU) model in 2021 on postoperative analgesia quality. Methods: This retrospective, single-center clinical study involved 21,281 patients from 2020 to 2021. First, the patients were grouped on the basis of their pain management model (APS and VPU). The incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain (MSPP) [numeric rating scale (NRS) score ≥ 5], postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative dizziness were recorded. Results: The VPU group recorded significantly lower MSPP incidence (1–12 months), PONV, and postoperative dizziness (1–10 months and 12 months) compared with the APS group. In addition, the annual average incidence of MSPP, PONV, and postoperative dizziness in the VPU group was significantly lower than in the APS group. Conclusions: The VPU model reduces the incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness; hence, it is a promising acute pain management model.

Mycotoxin-induced liver injury is often accompanied by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. This research aimed to explore the potential mechanism of sodium butyrate (NaBu) in modulating hepatic anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation pathways in deoxynivalenol (DON)-exposed piglets. The results show that DON induced liver injury, increased mononuclear cell infiltration, and decreased serum total protein and albumin concentrations. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α pathways were highly activated upon DON exposure. This is associated with disturbed antioxidant enzymes and increased inflammatory cytokines secretion. Importantly, NaBu effectively reversed the alterations caused by DON. Mechanistically, the ChIP-seq result revealed that NaBu strongly depressed DON-increased enrichment of histone mark H3K27ac at the genes involved in ROS and TNF-α-mediated pathways. Notably, we demonstrated that nuclear receptor NR4A2 was activated by DON and remarkably recovered with the treatment of NaBu. In addition, the enhanced NR4A2 transcriptional binding enrichments at the promoter regions of OS and inflammatory genes were hindered by NaBu in DON-exposed livers. Consistently, elevated H3K9ac and H3K27ac occupancies were also observed at the NR4A2 binding regions. Taken together, our results indicated that a natural antimycotic additive, NaBu, could mitigate hepatic OS and inflammatory responses, possibly via NR4A2-mediated histone acetylation.

The proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) strategy results in the down-regulation of unwanted protein(s) for disease treatment. In the PROTAC process, a heterobifunctional degrader forms a ternary complex with a target protein of interest (POI) and an E3 ligase, which results in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the POI. While ternary complex formation is a key attribute of PROTAC degraders, modification of the PROTAC molecule to optimize ternary complex formation and protein degradation can be a labor-intensive and tedious process. In this study, we take advantage of DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology to efficiently synthesize a vast number of possible PROTAC molecules and describe a parallel screening approach that utilizes DNA barcodes as reporters of ternary complex formation and cooperative binding. We use a designed PROTAC DEL against BRD4 and CRBN to describe a dual protein affinity selection method and the direct discovery of novel, potent BRD4 PROTACs that importantly demonstrate clear SAR. Such an approach evaluates all the potential PROTACs simultaneously, avoids the interference of PROTAC solubility and permeability, and uses POI and E3 ligase proteins in an efficient manner.

The symmetry of rowing movement is essential for injury prevention and motion effectiveness. Much effort has been dedicated to developing low-cost and intuitive methods for assessing kayaking athletes’ posture. This study proposes a design of motion capture and kinematic analysis based on inertial sensors under real on-water conditions. Athletes with different proficient level are recruited to participate in the experiments. Motion data are collected by self-made devices. The indirect Kalman filter algorithm is used to fuse multiple sensor data after calibrations. The whole body posture and multijoint coordination can be calculated accordingly. Wavelet scattering is used for automatic feature extraction, and various machine learning algorithms are used for phase recognition. Symmetry analysis is achieved based on the results of phase segmentation in one paddling stroke cycle. Postural control strategy of symmetry is assessed from the perspective of joint angles. The results show that the parameters, which represent the orientation of inertia’s principal axis of the cyclogram based on joint angle, can reflect the symmetric difference between elite and novice.

To determine the effect of heat stress (HS) on adipose tissue metabolome, a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry–based metabolomics profiling approaches was applied to characterize changes of metabolite classes in adipocytes differentiated in culture (in vitro) and mesenteric adipose tissue of pigs exposed to HS (in vivo). Effect of HS on the composition of individual fatty acids in cultured adipocytes, mesenteric adipose tissue, and serum of animals was also investigated using gas chromatography analysis. In vitro, preadipocytes were differentiated either under control (37 °C) or HS (41.5 °C) temperature for 9 d. For the animal experiment, pigs were kept either in control (Con) environment (20 °C) with ad libitum feed intake, HS (35 °C) temperature with ad libitum feed intake (HS), or at 20 °C with pair feeding to the HS pigs. In cultured cells, HS increased triglyceride and decreased monoacylglycerol (P< 0.05) species accumulation compared with control. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine were increased by HS, whereas phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol were decreased relative to control (P< 0.05). Heat-stressed adipocytes in culture also had higher concentrations of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (P< 0.05) relative to control. Pathways of proline and biotin metabolism were elevated (P< 0.05) by HS in adipocytes. The metabolomics signatures in adipocytes cultured under HS indicates that pathways centered around diacylglycerol metabolism are impacted by HS. In adipose tissue from animals in the HS treatment, there was increased (P< 0.05) abundance of 4,8 dimethylnonanoyl carnitine (P< 0.05). Heat-stressed animals also had higher (P< 005) serum linoleic, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and decreased total SFA than PF (P< 0.05). These results indicate that HS elevates lipogenic pathways while suppressing fatty acid oxidation and demonstrate the usefulness of metabolomics analysis as a tool for determining the impact of HS in pig tissues.

Heat stress (HS) leads to increased lipid storage and expression of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) in pig adipocytes. However, the importance of PCK1 activation and lipid storage in the adaptive response to HS is unknown. Therefore, in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of PCK1 inhibition with 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3MPA) on lipid storage and adipocyte response during HS. In vitro culture of adipocytes under HS (41.0 °C) increased (P< 0.05) triacylglycerol accumulation compared with control (37.0 °C). HS increased (P< 0.05) reactive oxygen species level and 3MPA further upregulated (P< 0.05) its level. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression was induced (P< 0.05) by HS compared to control, and PCK1 inhibition with 3MPA attenuated (P< 0.05) its induction by HS. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was also upregulated by HS and 3MPA further upregulated (P< 0.05) CHOP mRNA level. These results suggest that with inhibition of PCK1 during HS, in vitro cultured adipocytes were less able to induce adaptive responses such as upregulation of HSP70 and triglycerides, and this exacerbated ER stress during HS. Thus, PCK1 may function to alleviate ER stress that occurs during HS.

Piperine is a simple alkaloid isolated from the seeds of Piper nigrum. Piperine and its derivatives exhibited a wide range of biological properties such as antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, antiinflammatory activity, antimycobacterial activity, insecticidal activity, etc. Although five excellent reviews have recently been described by Srinivasan in 2007, Mao in 2011, Butt in 2013, and Meghwal in 2013, respectively, their topics were mainly focused on the biological effects. Therefore, in the present review, the progress in the structural modifications on the aliphatic chain and the amide moiety of piperine was reported. Meanwhile, the biological activities and structure-activity relationship of piperine and its derivatives were also described.

As the digital acquisition system is featured by increasingly higher technical targets and more complicated applicable conditions, the traditional digital oscilloscope has become incapable of meeting the requirements of real-time processing of sampled data and waveform display on one hand, and unqualified for field test in hard risky conditions on the other. This paper aims for comprehensively enhancing the digital oscilloscopes data processing, image display, human-machine interface and portable adaptability. To that end, it approaches the system composition of improved oscilloscope, and renders a chance to wirelessly connect the oscilloscope with any of the Smart Handheld Devices with Android operation system through the added wireless data interactive channel, which forms a smart handheld wireless oscilloscope. Such oscilloscope adopts the divisional coordination between data acquisition system and Smart Handheld Device to greatly improve data processing, waveform display and HMI, and realize wireless operation of remote test as a result.

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural-product-based insecticidal agents, we have synthesized eighteen alkyl/alkenylacyloxy derivatives at the C-28 position adopting exo-configuration of toosendanin (3a-r) by the reaction of toosendanin with fatty acids in the presence of N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide and 4- dimethylaminopyridine. Their activity was preliminarily evaluated against the pre-third-instar larvae of Mythimna separata Walker in vivo. Especially compounds 3e and 3o displayed the more promising insecticidal activity than their natural precursor, toosendanin. It suggested that for the n-alkyloyloxy series derivatives, the proper length of the side chain R at the C-28 position of toosendanin was very important for their insecticidal activity.

A series of 2-(N-arylsulfonylindol-3-yl)-3-aryl-1,3-thiazinan-4-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against seven phytopathogenic fungi, namely Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. vasinfectum, Alternaria brassicae, Valsa mali, Alternaria alternata, and Pyricularia oryzae. Among all derivatives, especially compound exhibited a potential antifungal activity against four phytopathogenic fungi.

The flow separation is susceptible to appear and is known to affect the aerodynamic performance of the low-pressure high-lift cascade. Large Eddy Simulation was adopted in the present work and the periodic moving bar was employed to simulate the unsteady wake upstream of the blade. The flow control of the synthetic jet with unsteady wake was investigated in detail. The upstream wake increased the turbulent level of the boundary layer of the cascade. The synthetic jet got a better control under the effect of the upstream wake.