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Poor adsorption properties of nonadsorbing targets and competing adsorption of nontargets at a liquid interface always hamper the development of interface sensing techniques. There is a need to fabricate materials that are applicable to various interface assemblies and, meanwhile, could be employed as interfacial gating to improve the performance of interface sensing by separating, enriching, and recognizing targets at the liquid interface. Here, superhydrophobic zeolite imidazole frameworks-8@gold nanoparticles-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol (ZIF-8@GNPs-PFDT) with a static water contact angle (WCA) of 155° was constructed via electrostatic self-assembly and surface graft modification. The plasmonic metal–organic framework (PMOF) nanohybrid realized all-purpose self-assembly at air/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces and also facilely assembled on the surface of liquid droplets, hydrogels, and foams. The self-assembled porous materials displayed the capability for separating, enriching, and recognizing analytes at various oil/water interfaces and thus could be used to adsorb nonadsorbing targets and block the competing adsorption of nontargets. The self-assembled ZIF-8@GNPs-PFDT structures were employed as a three-in-one interfacial gating to endow the excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing capability and has become a promising tool for dye molecular analysis, oil/water separation, organic phase identification, and in situ cultivation and monitoring of bacterial quorum sensing (QS).

The tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an invasive and destructive pest worldwide that feeds on solanaceous plants. T. absoluta has become resistant to most insecticides in current use. Broflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide, which can bind to a new site on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor and efficiently control insect pests of the order Lepidoptera. In this study, the acute lethal effects of flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole and broflanilide and the sublethal effects of broflanilide on the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta were assessed by leaf dip method. Among the five insecticides tested, broflanilide was the most toxic to T. absoluta with a LC50 of 0.232 mg/L. The sublethal effects of broflanilide on T. absoluta were observed at LC10 (0.053 mg/L) and LC25 (0.107 mg/L) concentrations. After exposure to low lethal concentrations of broflanilide, the larval duration was significantly prolonged, whereas the pupation rate, emergence rate and fecundity of females were all significantly decreased in F0 generation. In F1 generation, broflanilide treatments resulted in a significant decrease in female fecundity. Moreover, life-table parameters of F1 generation including the mean fecundity (F), the net reproductive rate (R0 ), and the intrinsic rate of population increase (r) were significantly reduced, and the mean generation time (T) was increased when compared to the control. The lethal and sublethal effects of broflanilide on T. absoluta suggested that broflanilide has good potential for management of T. absoluta.

A feedback inhibition effect of high autoinducer levels on metabolite secretion in Chromobacterium subtsugae(C. subtsugae) was evidenced by in situspatiotemporal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) profiling. The hierarchical hydrophobic plasmonic array in agar medium is structured by oil/water/oil (OL/W/OH) triphasic interfacial self-assembly. The hydrophobic layer acts as a “door curtain” to selectively permit adsorption of a quorum sensing (QS)-regulated fat-soluble metabolite, i.e., violacein (Vio), and significantly blocks nonspecific adsorption of water-soluble proteins, etc. The SERS profiling clearly evidences that the diffusion of N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) in agar medium quickly triggers the initial synthesis of Vio in C. subtsugaeCV026 but surprisingly inhibits the intrinsic synthesis of Vio in C. subtsugaeATCC31532. The latter negative response might be related to the VioS repressor of ATCC31532, which negatively controls violacein production without influencing the expression of the CviI/R QS system. Moreover, two sender–receiver systems are constructed by separately coculturing CV026 or ATCC31532 with Hafnia alveiH4 that secretes large amounts of C6-HSL. Expectedly, the cocultivation similarly triggers the initial synthesis of Vio in CV026 but seems to have a quite weak negative effect on the intrinsic synthesis in ATCC31532. In fact, the negative regulation in ATCC31532 might be affected by a diffusion-dependent concentration effect. The H4 growth and its secretion of C6-HSL are a slow and continuous process, thereby avoiding the gathering of local high concentrations. Overall, our study put forward an in situSERS strategy as an alternative to traditional bioluminescent tools for highly sensitively analyzing the spatiotemporal communication and cooperation in live microbial colonies.

We sought to investigate the midterm results of kissing self-expanding covered stents (SECSs) for the reconstruction of aortic bifurcation in complex aortoiliac occlusive disease.

Like many insects, females of the Noctuid moth Spodoptera lituraand Spodoptera exiguarelease chemical signals to attract males from a long distance for successful mating. In this study, 98 and 86 genes related to the sex pheromone biosynthesis of S. lituraand S. exiguawere identified. The tissue expression profiles of highly expressed genes in sex pheromone glands (PGs) were further examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results displayed that only SlitDes5and SexiDes5gene were specifically and significantly overexpressed in the PGs of S. lituraand S. exigua. The functional study of SlitDes5gene showed that RNA interference reduced its expression level by 49.42%. In addition, the content of the sex pheromones of S. litura, Z9E11-14:OAc, Z9E12-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc, and Z9-14:OAc, decreased by 41.98% on average. Our findings provide a basis for better understanding the key genes that affect the biosynthesis of sex pheromones and for determining potential gene targets for pest control strategies.

In situmonitoring of chemical reactions has attracted great attention in many fields. Herein, we successfully in situtrack the degradation reaction process of a dye pollutant, methylene blue (MB), on the liquid–liquid interface (LLI) of bimetallic gold core–silver shell nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The optimized LLI bimetallic array of Au50@Ag10NPs exhibits ultrahigh SERS enhancement and excellent catalytic activity. Results evidenced a detection limit of MB down to 1 ppb, and the degradation rate of Au@AgNPs was as high as 85.2% in 30 s, relying on the excellent self-healing properties of nanoarrays. Furthermore, as a practical SERS analyzer, the LLI bimetallic array was used to detect trace amounts of other harmful dyes, including Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and crystal violet (CV) in pure or complex media. Our LLI bimetallic array exhibits a new orientation for monitoring catalytic reactions involving highly toxic, hazardous, or costly targets in food security fields in the future.

Emotion is a human attitude experience and corresponding behavioral response to objective things. Effective emotion recognition is important for the intelligence and humanization of brain-computer interface (BCI). Although deep learning has been widely used in emotion recognition in recent years, emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) is still a challenging task in practical applications. Herein, we proposed a novel hybrid model that employs generative adversarial networks to generate potential representations of EEG signals while combining graph convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks to recognize emotions from EEG signals. Experimental results on DEAP and SEED datasets show that the proposed model achieved the promising emotion classification performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a major polyphagous pest that feeds mainly on food crops, such as corn and rice, posing a serious threat to the safety of food crops worldwide. Trehalase, can degrade trehalose and the resulting products participate in the synthesis of chitin, one of the main components of outer epidermis in insects. Therefore, trehalase inhibitors have been identified as novel agents for pest control. We report the insecticidal potential of a trehalase inhibitor validamycin against FAW. Validamycin (1 μg/μL) when injected in FAW using microinjection could significantly reduce trehalase activity 48 h later, especially, the activity of soluble trehalase, then the glucose content and glycogen content also decrease. In addition, the deaths of larvae in validamycin treated group at each instar stage were higher than those in the control group, moreover, validamycin treatment increased the pupal weight and prolonged pest development. Similarly, validamycin also significantly inhibited the chitinase activity and caused the accumulation of chitin in FAW. Results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of two trehalose genes (SfTRE1 and SfTRE2), which encode key enzymes in chitin biosynthesis pathway, were significantly reduced, while the expression levels of fructose-6-phosphate transaminase, glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase and chitinase genes were significantly increased. It is obvious that validamycin has an influence on physiological metabolism and development of FAW, the results obtained will be conducive to the prevention and control of FAW in the future.

Nowadays, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds with a fused-ring core skeleton are getting increasing research interest because of their use in high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, TADF compounds featuring a D–A-type fused-ring core skeleton are developed. The challenging compatibility of a planarized D–A arrangement and the TADF property is achieved through linking the D and A moieties with two oxygen atoms within a six-membered ring. Compared with a single-oxygen analogue possessing a flexible skeleton and a twisted D–A arrangement, these fused-ring compounds with higher skeleton rigidity show higher photoluminescence quantum yields and narrower emission spectra in toluene and in doped thin films. Their electroluminescent devices achieve high external quantum efficiencies (up to 19.4%), suggesting the potential of rarely achieved D–A-type fused-ring TADF systems to serve as high-performance emitters of OLEDs.

High-throughput surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) reader, especially for liquid sample testing, is of great significance and huge demand in biology, environment, and other analytical fields. Inspired by the principle of microplate reader, herein, we developed a microplate-SERS reader for semiautomatic and high-throughput assays by virtue of three-dimensional liquid interfacial arrays (LIAs). For the first time, the formation of LIA in oil-in-water state, water-in-oil state, and two-dimensional plane state is realized by operating the hydrophilicity (contact angle) of the container. Through the force analysis of LIA, the effect of organic (O) phase density on the relative position of LIA was quantified. In addition, the optimized reader offers fast and continuous semiautomatic detection of 12 samples below 10 min with great signal reproducibility (calibration with the characteristic peak of O phase as the internal standard). The isolated wells in the microplate prevent analyte cross talk, allowing accurate quantification of each sample. Multiplex analysis capability highlights that this reader has the ability of rapid identification and quantification of samples containing various analytes and concentrations. The results demonstrate high-resolution dual and triple analyte detection with fully preserved signal and Raman features of individual analytes in a mixture, which implies that it also has excellent anticounterfeiting applications. This microplate-SERS reader combines the superior advantages of the LIA, microplate, and SERS techniques to retrieve the molecular vibrational fingerprints of various chemicals in complex media.

Development of normal blood cells is often suppressed in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) of childhood, causing complications and impacting therapeutic outcomes. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains uncharacterized. To address this question, we induced the most common mutation identified in JMML (Ptpn11E76K) specifically in the myeloid lineage with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) spared. These mice uniformly developed a JMML-like MPN. Importantly, HSCs in the same bone marrow (BM) microenvironment were aberrantly activated and differentiated at the expense of self-renewal. As a result, HSCs lost quiescence and became exhausted. A similar result was observed in wild-type (WT) donor HSCs when co-transplanted with Ptpn11E76K/+BM cells into WT mice. Co-culture testing demonstrated that JMML/MPN cells robustly accelerated differentiation in mouse and human normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Cytokine profiling revealed that Ptpn11E76K/+MPN cells produced excessive IL-1β, but not IL-6, T NF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1α, or other inflammatory cytokines. Depletion of the IL-1β receptor effectively restored HSC quiescence, normalized their pool size, and rescued them from exhaustion in Ptpn11E76K/+/IL-1R−/−double mutant mice. These findings suggest IL-1β signaling as a potential therapeutic target for preserving normal hematopoietic development in JMML.

The cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicumsuffered a severe attack by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius), causing damage to leaves by feeding as well as transmitting the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), while the wild tomato S. habrochaitesis considerably less appealing to this insect species. It is reported that B. tabacishows innate avoidance to R-curcumene, which is produced naturally by S. habrochaites. However, the mechanisms involved in the avoidance behavior of B. tabaciin response to this chiral compound are still unclear yet. In this study, the functional and binding characterization of odorant-binding protein 1 of B. tabaci(BtOBP1) were examined in vivoand in vitroagainst R-curcumene. The obtained results showed that BtOBP1 exhibits specific binding activity to R-curcumene, which acts as repellents to B. tabaci. By using a fluorescence-based binding assay, the difference of binding-affinity for R-curcumene between wild type BtOBP1 and the mutant BtOBP1 to R-curcumene was performed, which resulted in a single amino acid mutation (ASN108 > SER); moreover, BtOBP1-N108 displays significantly decreased binding affinities to R-curcumene. Most interestingly, a knock-down experiment with the BtOBP1 showed that the whitefly responses to R-curcumene are impaired. This study illustrated that BtOBP1 is a crucial protein involved in the perception and discrimination of R-curcumene. Our findings may provide an excellent chance of finding a suitable antagonist of eco-friendly features that can block the perception of chemosensory signals in insects, preventing behaviors like food-finding.

The olfactory system of insects is crucial in modulating behaviors such as host seeking, mating, and oviposition. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are involved in semiochemical recognition. OBPs recognize and bind odorants and transport them to odorant receptors located in olfactory neurons. Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a widely used predacious biological control agent for many agricultural and forestry pests. This study identified 19 OBPs in H. axyridisbased on the antennal and whole-body transcriptomes of adults and obtained all the full-length open reading frames, including 11 ‘Classic’ OBPs, 7 ‘Minus-C’ OBPs and 1 ‘Plus-C’ OBP. They encoded 125 to 241 amino acid proteins with molecular weights ranging from 13.75 to 27.75 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.15 to 8.80. Phylogenetic analyses were used to study the relationships between H. axyridisOBPs and OBPs from other species of Coleoptera. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that HaxyOBP2, 3,5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14,and 15were highly expressed in antennae of both adult females and males. Moreover, HaxyOBP2, 3, 5, 12,and 15were more abundantly expressed in antennae than other body parts, while HaxyOBP13and HaxyOBP14were expressed predominantly, and at similar levels, in the head and antennae. The other OBP genes were highly expressed in non-olfactory tissues including the thorax, abdomen, legs, and wings. These results provide valuable information for further study of H. axyridisolfaction, which may ultimately enhance its use as a biocontrol agent.

Graphene-based strain sensors have attracted tremendous interest due to their potential application as intelligent wearable sensing devices. However, for graphene-based strain sensors, it is found that the sensing property at the beginning of the tensile cycle is not stable. Concretely, the peak resistance value gradually declines in the first dozens of cycles in every cyclic test. This is a problem that obviously affects the measurement accuracy but is rarely investigated so far. In this paper, this phenomenon is for the first time systematically studied. According to the reliable experimental results, it can be concluded that the decline of resistance is caused by the evolution of wrinkle morphologies in the graphene layer, which is essentially attributed to the temporary slippage of the graphene sheets under external stress. Based on the analyzed mechanism, a targeted improvement solution was proposed and verified. By the combined effects of polydopamine and Ni2+, the slippage among the rGO sheets was suppressed and a strain sensor with excellent sensing stability was obtained as expected. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the modified sensor was six times higher than that of the pristine one due to the change in the crack form, demonstrating it to be an effective method to obtain a graphene-based strain sensor with comprehensively high performance.

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) of insects play a critical role in chemical perceptions and choice of insect host plant. Bemisia tabaciis a notorious insect pest which can damage more than 600 plant species. In order to explore functions of OBPs in B. tabaci, here we investigated binding characteristics and function of odorant-binding protein 3 in B. tabaci(BtabOBP3). The results indicated that BtabOBP3 shows highly similar sequence with OBPs of other insects, including the typical signature motif of six cysteines. The recombinant BtabOBP3 protein was obtained, and the evaluation of binding affinities to tested volatiles of host plant was conducted, then the results indicated that β-ionone had significantly higher binding to BtabOBP3 among other tested plant volatiles. Furthermore, silencing of BtabOBP3 significantly altered choice behavior of B. tabacito β-ionone. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that BtabOBP3 exerts function as one carrier of β-ionone and the results could be contributed to reveal the mechanisms of choosing host plant in B. tabaci.

β-Ionone, sustainably derived from Petunia hybridaas a natural bioresource, was identified as a lead compound for integrated aphid management. A series of β-ionone derivatives containing ester groups were designed and synthesized for the purpose of discovering renewable botanical-based products. The odorant-binding protein (OBP) binding test indicated that β-ionone and its derivatives displayed binding affinities with Acyrthosiphon pisumOBP9 (ApisOBP9) and Harmonia axyridisOBP15 (HaxyOBP15). Bioactivity assays revealed that most β-ionone derivatives exhibited a higher repellent activity than that of β-ionone. β-Ionone and derivatives 4gand 4ldisplayed attractiveness to H. axyridis. Specifically, 4gwas a highly promising derivative, possessing good repellent activity against A. pisumand attractiveness to H. axyridis. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that integrating the hydrophobic ester group into the β-ionone framework strengthened the van der Waals interactions of 4gwith ApisOBP9/HaxyOBP15, improving the binding affinity with OBPs and producing higher push–pull activity than β-ionone; 4galso had low toxicity toward nontarget organisms. Thus, 4gis a potential ecofriendly, botanical-based option for aphid management.

A modular “fjord-stitching” reverse strategy has been disclosed to successfully prepare two large-sized B,N-embedded nanographenes: BN-TBTi and BN-TBTo. These two compounds both exhibit excellent stability, nonzero-bandgap and decent photoluminescence quantum yield. Single crystal structure of BN-TBTo features a large C78B2N4π-skeleton with length and width of approximately 2.4 and 1.5 nm, respectively.

The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a notorious pest affecting various crops globally, and it exhibits high levels of resistance to various insecticides. Afidopyropen is a recently commercialized pyropene insecticide for B. tabacicontrol with high selectivity and a novel mode of action. We previously identified a high level of afidopyropen resistance in a field-collected population after selection in the lab, and named it the HD-Afi strain. In the present study, minimal cross-resistance in the HD-Afi strain was found between afidopyropen and other common chemical agents. However, the P450 enzyme activity in HD-Afi was 2.18 times the level in susceptible strain HD-S. Expression analysis revealed that two of 12 candidate P450 genes, namely CYP6DW3and CYP4C64, were significantly up-regulated in HD-Afi. Silencing CYP6DW3and CYP4C64by RNA interference (RNAi) substantially increased the susceptibility of whitefly adults, confirming their involvement in afidopyropen resistance. Homology modeling and molecular docking analyses demonstrated stable binding of afidopyropen to CYP6DW3and CYP4C64, with binding free energies of -6.87 and -6.11 kcal mol-1, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the induction of CYP6DW3and CYP4C64facilitates afidopyropen detoxification, contributing to the development of resistance in B. tabaci.

In order to ensure the efficient separation of solid particles in heavy oil sewage by air flotation technology, in this paper, the flotation performance and mechanism of coagulated particles are studied in terms of contact angle, light transmittance and Zeta potential by changing pH, inorganic flocculants, organic flocculants and reagent dosage in the process of flotation. The results show that stage of air flotation could be benefited by increasing light transmittance, zeta potential of sewage, and contact angle of coagulated particles during the coagulation stage. When pH of sewage is 6.5, dosage of PAC and anionic PAM (molecular weight: 10 million) is 150 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, an optimum coagulation effect as well as the treatment effect could be achieved.

In this paper, the relationship between the components of heavy oil wastewater and thesurface wettability of coagulation particles were studied. The effects of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+,Fe3+), oil content and pH on wettability of coagulated particles surface in heavy oil wastewater werestudied by measuring the contact Angle, and the possible mechanism was discussed. It was foundthat the contact Angle decreased with the increase of pH value. The change of oil content isnegatively correlated with the contact Angle. Surface wettability of coagulated particles arecorrelated with cationic concentration in sewage and standard electrode potential. When cationicconcentration is less than 500 mg/L, surface wettability is positively correlated with standardelectrode potential. When cationic concentration is more than 1000 mg/L, surface wettability ismainly related to the total amount of cationic ions in sewage.

To realize macroscopic utilization of the excellent properties of graphene, various forms of graphene assemblies have been investigated. Among them, the gel form assemblies show great advantages because of their shapeable and self-healable properties and facile and simple manufacturing processes. For the conventional gel-formed graphene assemblies, a relatively large content of binders including hydrophilic polymers, celluloses, or/and amorphous inorganic materials is necessary in achieving the gelation. However, these binders are electrically nonconductive and electrochemically inactive, which would weaken the favorable functionalities of the composite, and the potential advantages of graphene cannot be fully utilized. Herein, a binder-free silver nanowire (Ag-NW)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) gel-like composite is designed and successfully fabricated by employing the ultralong Ag-NWs to enhance the hierarchical synergistic effects. The fabrication technique is highly efficient and repeatable, and the obtained composite is flexible, stretchable, and self-healable. Furthermore, the overall properties of the composite can be easily adjusted in a wide range by controlling the mass ratio between Ag-NW and rGO, which makes it multipurpose and suitable in different applications. Several demonstrations have been carried out, and some special performances including linear strain sensing range and rapid transformation from wet to dry state are found in this unique composite. This binder-free structure could also be expanded to other material systems, which may offer a valuable inspiration for the development of functional devices based on the nanocomposite.

Genetic mutations in the phosphatase PTPN11(SHP2) are associated with childhood leukemias. These mutations cause hyperactivation of SHP2 due to the disruption of the autoinhibitory conformation. By targeting the activation-associated protein conformational change, we have identified an SHP2 inhibitor (E)-1-(1-(5-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acryloyl)-2-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (LY6, 1) using computer-aided drug design database screening combined with cell-based assays. This compound inhibited SHP2 with an IC50value of 9.8 μM, 7-fold more selective for SHP2 than the highly related SHP1. Fluorescence titration, thermal shift, and microscale thermophoresis quantitative binding assays confirmed its direct binding to SHP2. This compound was further verified to effectively inhibit SHP2-mediated cell signaling and proliferation. Furthermore, mouse and patient leukemia cells with PTPN11activating mutations were more sensitive to this inhibitor than wild-type cells. This small molecule SHP2 inhibitor has a potential to serve as a lead compound for further optimization studies to develop novel anti-SHP2 therapeutic agents.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of corticosteroids on atrial fibrillation (AF) following catheter ablation. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for published articles describing the effect of corticosteroids in preventing AF recurrence after catheter ablation. Data on study and patient were extracted. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by use of a random-effect model, and Pvalues of <0.05 were considered significant. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three cohort studies involving 846 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Within one month of catheter ablation, corticosteroid use was associated with a declined risk of recurrence of AF in RCT (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.85, P=0.005), but without significant effect in cohort studies (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.30, P=0.94). After three months of catheter ablation, corticosteroids did not have a significant effect in the prevention of late recurrence of AF in either RCT (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.59, P=0.49) or cohort studies (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.31, P=0.78). Our meta-analysis suggested that periprocedural administration of corticosteroids of catheter ablation was associated with reduction of early but not late recurrence of AF. 探讨皮质类固醇对导管消融术后心房颤动(AF)的影响。 首个探讨皮质类固醇对导管消融术后AF 影响的 荟萃分析。 我们在PubMed、Embase 和Cochrane 对照试验中 心注册库中搜索了描述皮质类固醇对预防导管 消融后AF 复发影响的文章,并提取了研究和患 者的相关数据。使用随机效应模型计算风险比 (RR)和95%置信区间(CI),P<0.05 被认为 具有统计学差异。 导管消融术围术期皮质类固醇的使用与AF 早期 复发减少相关,但与晚期复发无关。

In this paper, reanalysis data collected by ERA‐Interim 4 times daily from 1979 to 2014 are used to analyze the main atmospheric moisture sources of cumulative effect of torrential rain (CETR) events during the preflood season (1 April to 30 June) over South China. Using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model—the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model—the major atmospheric moisture sources of 66 CETR events for the period of 1979–2014 are identified and compared. In this study, five atmospheric moisture sources—the land area, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, South China Sea, and South China—are defined, and the effects of these moisture sources on preflood season CETR events over South China are quantitatively estimated. The results indicate that during the preflood season, Indian Ocean water vapor transport accounts for 30% of the atmospheric moisture generated in CETR events, thus dominating precipitation over South China. The water vapor transport from the land area (14%), western Pacific Ocean (10%), South China Sea (25%), and South China (20%) also play important roles in preflood season CETR events. Furthermore, a significant transition in water vapor transport occurred in the 1990s, during which water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean increased significantly, while water vapor transport from the western Pacific Ocean significantly declined. In addition, a significant positive anomaly in Pacific Ocean and South China Sea water vapor transport spurred CETR events in the east, while a significant positive anomaly in Indian Ocean water vapor transport facilitated CETR events in the west. Indian Ocean water vapor transport accounted for more than 33% of all precipitation formed during cumulative effect of torrential rain (CETR) eventsIn the 1990s, water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean increased significantly, while water vapor transport from the western Pacific Ocean significantly declinedThe spatial distribution of rainfall occurring during South China CETR events was associated with different forms of anomalous water vapor transport The Lagrangian particle dispersion model (Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory 4.9) was used to simulate the trajectories of air parcels involved in 66 CETR events over South China from 1979 to 2014. Then,the “areal source‐receptor attribution” method was used to quantitatively compute the contributions of each water vapor source region. Finally, we analyzed the spatial distribution of CETR events in consideration of three forms of anomaly water vapor transport.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with ultrasensitive vibrational fingerprints enables quick identification and trace detection of various kinds of molecules. But proteins usually have low Raman cross sections and are difficult to generate recognizable signals in direct SERS detection. Recently, nucleic acid-peptide conjugates are emerging with great potential in structuring, assembling, catalyzing, sensing, etc., and the coupling of aptamers further enables superior biological recognition and programmability. Here, we develop the aptamer–peptide conjugates as a new kind of SERS probe for direct high-specific profiling abnormal protein levels in cancer patients. The aptamer conjugated with glutathione (GSH) functions as both the recognition element and the SERS reporters that can simultaneously generate SERS fingerprints of both peptides and nucleic acids. This kind of biocompatible probe appears to have excellent performance in high-salt environments and realizes rapid, simple, and multisignal detection of thrombin (TB). Data-driven soft independent modeling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA) is used to distinguish SERS profiles of actual blood samples and realize the identification and classification of cancer patients. Furthermore, the effect of low-temperature storage time on blood samples is analyzed by tracking the changes of SERS profiles; the results hint that plasma samples stored under 4 °C for more than 2 days could generate false negative results due to TB hydrolysis, which has important implications for clinical sample analysis. This kind of nucleic acid-peptide conjugate provides new ideas for SERS sensing strategy in the future.

The ubiquity of micro-/nanoplastics poses a visible threat to the environment, aquatic organisms, and human beings and has become a global concern. Here, we proposed a liquid interface-based strategy using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to coassemble nanoplastics and gold nanoparticles into a dense and homogeneous plasmonic array, thereby enabling the rapid and sensitive detection of trace nanoplastics. In addition, due to the uniqueness of the oil–water immiscible two-phase interface, we achieved ideal results for the detection of nanoplastics in a complex matrix (e.g., aqueous environment and edible oil) with a detection limit of μg/mL. With the aid of the principal component analysis algorithm, the differentiation and identification of multiple nanoplastic components (e.g., polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate) in aqueous environments and common hazards (e.g., Bap and Phe) in edible oil were achieved. Therefore, our self-assembled plasmonic arrays are expected to be used for monitoring environmental pollution and food safety.

Germline activating mutations of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11), a positive regulator of the RAS signalling pathway, are found in 50% of patients with Noonan syndrome. These patients have an increased risk of developing leukaemia, especially juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML), a childhood myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations in Ptpn11 induce a JMML-like MPN through cell-autonomous mechanisms that are dependent on Shp2 catalytic activity. However, the effect of these mutations in the bone marrow microenvironment remains unclear. Here we report that Ptpn11 activating mutations in the mouse bone marrow microenvironment promote the development and progression of MPN through profound detrimental effects on haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Ptpn11 mutations in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and osteoprogenitors, but not in differentiated osteoblasts or endothelial cells, cause excessive production of the CC chemokine CCL3 (also known as MIP-1α), which recruits monocytes to the area in which HSCs also reside. Consequently, HSCs are hyperactivated by interleukin-1β and possibly other proinflammatory cytokines produced by monocytes, leading to exacerbated MPN and to donor-cell-derived MPN following stem cell transplantation. Remarkably, administration of CCL3 receptor antagonists effectively reverses MPN development induced by the Ptpn11-mutated bone marrow microenvironment. This study reveals the critical contribution of Ptpn11 mutations in the bone marrow microenvironment to leukaemogenesis and identifies CCL3 as a potential therapeutic target for controlling leukaemic progression in Noonan syndrome and for improving stem cell transplantation therapy in Noonan-syndrome-associated leukaemias.

Two novel quinochalcone C-glycosides, carthorquinosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were established by analysis of NMR and MS data, together with chemical degradation and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1has an unprecedented quinochalcone–flavonol structure linked via a methylene bridge, and compound 2comprises two glucopyranosylquinochalcone moieties linked via the formyl carbon of an acyclic glucosyl unit. A potential biosynthesis pathway is also proposed. Compounds 1and 2exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated HUVEC cells by regulating IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ mRNA expression at concentrations as low as 4 μM, and compound 2also showed inhibitory activity against topoisomerase I at100 μM.

A robust H∞ controller based on a virtual leader is designed for the uncertain disturbance from the wavy terrain. The communicating topology of the formation is presented by means of the adjacency matrix and the Laplace matrix in graph theory. Then, the homogeneous linear motion equation in a two-dimensional system for a leader and followers is established. Besides, the rough road in the process of exploration is regarded as an uncertain disturbance. The finite time stability (FTS) and the finite time boundedness (FTB) of the formation system are analyzed. A multi-step algorithm for H-infinity controller is designed. Simulation results show that the errors of position and velocity converge to zero quickly. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulty in maintaining the reconstituting capabilities of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in culture outside of the bone marrow microenvironment has severely limited their utilization for clinical therapy. This hurdle is largely due to the differentiation of long-term stem cells. Emerging evidence suggests that energy metabolism plays an important role in coordinating HSC self-renewal and differentiation. Here, we show that treatment with alexidine dihydrochloride, an antibiotic and a selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial phosphatase Ptpmt1, which is crucial for the differentiation of HSCs, reprogrammed cellular metabolism from mitochondrial aerobic metabolism to glycolysis, resulting in a remarkable preservation of long-term HSCs ex vivo in part through hyperactivation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism and activation of AMPK by metformin, a diabetes drug, also decreased differentiation and helped maintain stem cells in culture. Thus, manipulating metabolic pathways represents an effective new strategy for ex vivo maintenance of HSCs.

With the economic development,the transport capacity of the existing transmission lines can not satisfy the demand for electricity. When the line needs expansion we propose to replace the new optional wire to reach the goal line expansion without changing the existing transmission line structures premise of the original line. We should consider energy conservation, temperature, security when running on N-1 and sag expansion to the main line. To satisfy these requirements, we set up the principle of development for the proper ties of the conductors to be developed and made assessment on the newly –developed conductors in China and foreign countries in recent years.

A large number of oilfield produced water is produced during the developing of oilfield，the optimal way to process these oilfield produced water is to reinject it into strata. This paper firstly analyzes the characteristics of oilfield produced water, then focuses on introducing the research and application process of both traditional and new treatment technologies of produced water , and finally brings forward some expectation about the application and development direction of the oilfield produced water treatment processes.

At present, most oilfields in our country has entered the mid-late development, water-flooding technology is widely accepted, multi-layer hybrid mining and multi-layer hybrid conveying process. If no compatibility between injected water and formation water or different horizon produced water is poor, it can form various types of oil field scale.Scale reservoir caused by congestion, not only can bring damage to reservoir, also can give bring different degree of corrosion of equipment and pipeline, reduce the heat transfer rate of equipment and pipeline. The scale formation, fouling hazards, scaling trend prediction and antiscale technology in oilfield produced water are introduced. It as the basis of the theory of compatibility experiments has a certain realistic guiding significance in mixed mining, mixed transportation and reinjection process.

Mining process will produce a lot of waste mud, and since these indiscriminate matter will lead to the surrounding environment pollution, and human and animal health problem, safe disposal of waste mud is more and more important today. In this paper some common methods, such as direct emission, inject into safe strata, landfill disposal, seal in the pit, land farming, solid-liquid separation, solidification and microbiological method were mainly described, respectively. And a new method of waste mud treatment“fertilizer additives”is inducted and discussed in this paper also.

Microbial method with high efficiency and low pollution on oilfield sewage treatment, has more advantages than others, however, the salinity of sewage is rather high due to the high content of calcium and magnesium ions, sulfate and carbonate ions. High salinity results in strong fouling resistance, the crystals of calcium scale will easily gather and deposit on microbial surface and hinder matter and energy exchange processes between in and outside of microbial cell. The worst case is that scale will impact the normal oilfield production. This paper explores the principles and characteristics of dirt deposited on the surface of microorganisms, the mechanisms of fouling , as well as introduces the research status of CaCO3 scale and BaSO4 scale at home and abroad.

The properties of mixed waterwater from a certain river (RW) and Chang-6 layer output water (C-6W) -- in Shanbei Oil Production is studied in this paper, including ion content, analysis of scale, scale type and calcium loss rate, etc. It shows that the salinity of C-6W is more than 80000 mg/L, while RWs salinity is about 1200 mg/L; Under 30 °C, the calcium loss rate and amount of scale buildup of C-6W and RW when their volume ratio were 4:6 reached to 9.5% and 36mg/L; while reservoir calcium the loss rate and scale buildup amount reached to 0.59% and 21.5 mg/L when the volume ratio of C-6W and Mixed Water came to 3:7, which satisfies the reinjection water quality standard; and a low core damage rate (<20%) could be found when the reinjection volume is 1 ~ 15 PV.

Abstract: This paper is to study the force-locking and shape-locking conjugate cam mechanisms. problems of the theoretical and actual contour of the cams with negative radius translation roller follower are solved by the use of "definite proportion and division point" method. The results could lead an important foundation for further research of the new type cam mechanisms.

With the development of the oil industry, oilfield sewage, as a big pollutant, treatment has become an important issue. Since the complex components of oily sewage, untreated oily sewage may lead to serious environment problem if discharged at will.So it must be treated before discharged or returned into the layer.In this study, some treatment methods is introduced, and their treatment effects are illustrated.

Oily sludge is a mixture of oil and sludge, produced during the process of crude oil production and gathering, contains crude oil, heavy metal and organic toxic and harmful substances, and with the characteristics of high moisture content, poor liquidity and big volume. The recycling and disposal of it has been one of the most important aspects of enviromrntal protection in oil industry. In this paper the origin nature and hazards of oil sludge were described, the existing oily sludge treatment process from the aspects of quenched separation, heat  treatment, extraction, biological treatment were introduced, and looks forward to the development of the oil sludge treatment technology.

The corrosion status and results in a certain water injection station in Shanbei oilfield were monitored and evaluated by flow corrosion test (FCT) (with homemade corrosion test device), static corrosion test (SCT), and water tank corrosion test (WTCT). The coupons after corrosion tests were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that: the corrosion rates of SCT, FCT and WTCT were 0.0469~0.0552 mm/a, 0.5126~0.5299 mm/a, and 0.3250~0.3414 mm/a respectively; the corrosion rates SCT were much smaller than actual. The severity of pitting corrosion, pointed corrosion and other forms of local corrosion cannot be reflected by SCT. The corrosion rates and behaviors tested by homemade corrosion test device are more close and similar to the real.

In this paper, aqueous methanol (methanol concentration 1000 mg·l-1) degradation was studied by using UV/Fenton, and effect of methanol degradation was evaluated with COD removal rate. When pH was determined, H2O2 dosage, Fe2+ dosage and reaction time were investigated by single factor test, respectively. In the orthogonal experiment, UV/Fenton was used to deal with wastewater of 1000 mg·l-1methanol, the order of the influent factors on COD removal was: H2O2 dosage > reaction time > Fe2+ content. Under the optimal condition (6%H2O250 ml·l-1, Fe2+ 0.9 g·l-1, reaction time 60 min), 95.77% COD removal rate was obtained. In addition, a comparison of UV, Fenton regent and UV/Fenton system indicated that UV and Fe2+ had synergistic effect on catalytic decomposition of H2O2, and reaction time to obtain the highest COD removal was shorted 10 min when UV/Fenton was used.

A large number of waste oil and sludge were generated during mining and processing. Untreated Sludge directly discharged into environment will lead to critical human health harm and serious environment pollution. As one of the petrochemical process major pollutants, treatment of oil sludge processing, at home and abroad, has been trying to study. Summary of development status and prospect research of oil sludge treatment technology, combining characteristics of the oily sludge, in domestic and foreign were made in this article.

The process of oil extraction and processing produces large quantities of oily sludge, which is complex and unwieldy. It has become the main pollution factor of affecting oil production. So it is necessary to look for a reasonable treatment technology of oily sludge .This document introduces different sludge treatment methods and technological process, highlights the pyrolysis principle and test methods, and looking forward to the development of oily sludge treatment process.

Pd catalysts and Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxides (CZ) was prepared by co-precipitation technique and their physicochemical properties were characterized by specific surface area measurements (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions supported with Pd are investigated as catalysts for reduction of NO. The research presented in this paper is focused on the intrinsic structure of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution and catalytic behavior of NO over Pd/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxides catalyst. The incorporation of ZrO2 into the CeO2 framework strongly promotes the reduction of Ce4+ in the bulk of the support. The surface area of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 was 32 m2/g after calcination in air at 1000 °C for 5 h. XRD results revealed the existence of Zr-rich phase in CZ sample. The experimental results show that the best Pd/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 catalyst yielded 97.75% NO conversion at typical reaction temperatures (280-320 C) and the high gas hourly space velocity of 15,000 h1. The effect of the calcination temperature was also investigated, and the optimal calcination temperature was 400-500 C.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the hypoxic niches can both self-renew and give rise to progeny. Multiple regulatory mechanisms for these cellular processes have been identified. Emerging evidence has revealed that metabolism and bioenergetics play important roles in determining stem cell fate in concert with other regulatory networks. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in this field.