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1. LHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

Author

Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, J. H., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.

Abstract

KM2A is one of the main sub-arrays of LHAASO, working on gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics at energies above 10 TeV. Detector simulation is the important foundation for estimating detector performance and data analysis. It is a big challenge to simulate the KM2A detector in the framework of Geant4 due to the need to track numerous photons from a large number of detector units (>6000) with large altitude difference (30 m) and huge coverage (1.3 km2). In this paper, the design of the KM2A simulation code G4KM2A based on Geant4 is introduced. The process of G4KM2A is optimized mainly in memory consumption to avoid memory overflow. Some simplifications are used to significantly speed up the execution of G4KM2A. The running time is reduced by at least 30 times compared to full detector simulation. The particle distributions and the core/angle resolution comparison between simulation and experimental data of the full KM2A array are also presented, which show good agreement.

Published
2024
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2. Reconstruction of Cherenkov image by multiple telescopes of LHAASO-WFCTA

Author

Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, L. X., Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Zhe, Cao, Zhen, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Liang, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. L., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fan, Z. X., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, J. G., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, S. L., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S., Hu, S. C., Hu, X. J., Huang, D. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Levochkin, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. S., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Long, W. J., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Masood, A., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Nan, Y. C., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shi, J. Y., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, B. D., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. G., Wang, J. C., Wang, J. S., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, R., Wang, R. N., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. X., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yang, C. W., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zeng, Z. K., Zha, M., Zhai, X. X., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, Y., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.

Abstract

Introduction: One of main scientific goals of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is to accurately measure the energy spectra of different cosmic ray compositions around the ‘knee’ region. The Wide Field-of-View (FoV) Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA), which is one of the main detectors of LHAASO and has 18 telescopes, is built to achieve this goal. Multiple telescopes are put together and point to connected directions for a larger FoV. Method: Telescopes are deployed spatially as close as possible, but due to their own size, the distance between two adjacent telescopes is about 10 m. Therefore, the Cherenkov lateral distribution and the parallax between the two telescopes should be considered in the event building process for images crossing over the boundaries of FoVs of the telescopes. An event building method for Cherenkov images measured by multiple telescopes of WFCTA is developed. The performance of the shower measurements using the combined images is evaluated by comparing with showers that are fully contained by a virtual telescope in simulation. Results and conclusion: It is proved that the developed event building process can help to increase the FoV of WFCTA by 30% while maintaining the same reconstruction quality, compared to the separate telescope reconstruction method.

Published
2022
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3. Intensive blood pressure reduction with intravenous thrombolysis therapy for acute ischaemic stroke (ENCHANTED): an international, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, phase 3 trial

Author

Anderson, Craig S, Huang, Yining, Lindley, Richard I, Chen, Xiaoying, Arima, Hisatomi, Chen, Guofang, Li, Qiang, Billot, Laurent, Delcourt, Candice, Bath, Philip M, Broderick, Joseph P, Demchuk, Andrew M, Donnan, Geoffrey A, Durham, Alice C, Lavados, Pablo M, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Levi, Christopher, Martins, Sheila O, Olavarria, Veronica V, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Parsons, Mark W, Pontes-Neto, Octavio M, Ricci, Stefano, Sato, Shoichiro, Sharma, Vijay K, Silva, Federico, Song, Lili, Thang, Nguyen H, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Wang, Ji-Guang, Wang, Xia, Woodward, Mark, Chalmers, John, Robinson, Thompson G, Anderson, Craig S., Huang, Yining, Lindley, Richard I., Chen, Xiaoying, Arima, Hisatomi, Chen, Guofang, Li, Qiang, Billot, Laurent, Delcourt, Candice, Bath, Philip M., Broderick, Joseph P., Demchuk, Andrew M., Donnan, Geoffrey A., Durham, Alice C., Lavados, Pablo M., Lee, Tsong-Hai, Levi, Christopher, Martins, Sheila O., Olavarria, Veronica V., Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Parsons, Mark W., Pontes-Neto, Octavio M., Ricci, Stefano, Sato, Shoichiro, Sharma, Vijay K., Silva, Federico, Song, Lili, Thang, Nguyen H., Wardlaw, Joanna M., Wang, Ji-Guang, Wang, Xia, Woodward, Mark, Chalmers, John, Robinson, Thompson G., Kim, Jong S., Stapf, Christian, Simes, R. John, Hankey, Graeme J., Sandercock, Peter, Bousser, Marie-Germaine, Wong, K.S. Lawrence, Scaria, Anish, Hirakawa, Yoichiro, Moullaali, Tom J., Carcel, Cheryl, Gordon, Penny, Fuentes-Patarroyo, Sully X., Benito, Dino, Chen, Ruiqi, Cao, Yongjun, Kunchok, Amy, Winters, Stephen, Coutts, Shelagh, Yoshimura, Sohei, You, Shoujiang, Yang, Jie, Wu, Guojun, Zhang, Shihong, Manning, Lisa, Mistri, Amit, Haunton, Victoria, Minhas, Jatinder, Malavera, Alejandra, Lim, Joyce, Liu, Leibo, Kumar, Namrata N., Tay, Nicole, Jenson, Kerry, Richtering, Sarah, Tucker, Sharon, Knight, Elizabeth, Ivanova, Elizaveta, Thembani, Emma, Odgers, Elizabeth, Sanders, Elizabeth, Small, Sabrina, Vaghasiya, Ruchita, Armenis, Manuela, Donnelly, Paul, Baig, Merza A., Blacklock, Nick, Naidu, Bala, Monaghan, Helen, Smith, Phillipa, Glass, Parisa, Bai, Xuejie, Li, Qiancheng, Zhu, Pingping, Kong, Liang, He, Ruihong, Zhao, He, Lv, Jiajie, Jia, Haijing, Xi, Zhen, Cong, Yuhan, Cui, Buliang, Deng, Hua, Guo, Ying, He, Lingyu, Jia, Ruolan, Li, Nan, Li, Wei, Liu, Mengxiao, Zhang, Meng, Xu, Ziwei, Zhang, Ting, Zhao, Yan, Gregory, Philip, In, Yunjeong, Kim, Su J., Ahn, Jung E., Kim, Sul H., Hong, Young L., González-McCawley, Francisca, Martins, Magda C.O., Portales, Bernardita, Wang, Ching-Yi, Ryu, Shan-Jen, Aujla, Hardeep, Lewin, Sue, Kumar, Tracy, Barrows, Sara, Ebraimo, Ahtasam, Uyen, Hong H., Giang, Nguyen A., Linh, Le T.M., An, Le T.T., Phuong, Do M., Ngoc, Pham V.B., Hang, Nguyen M., Tran, Nguyen T.B., Hien, Ha T.T., Yen, Mai B., Tram, Ngo T.B., Truc, Tran T.T., Hoa, Nguyen A., Thuan, Nguyen T.B., Oanh, Ha T.K., Arora, Deepti, Verma, Shweta J., Krause, M., Priglinger, M., Day, S., Jala, S., Davies, L., Ray, E., Celestino, S., Law, L.Y., Wijeratne, T., Ng, G., Nagao, K., Weiss, G., Titton, N., Batista, C., Zãn, D., Carbonera, L., Ferreira, K., Castro, R., Martins Filho, R.K., Carvalho, M., Libardi, M., Martins, G., Fagundes, D., Baron, G., Boehringer, A., Barbosa, J., Bazan, R., Braga, G., Luvizutto, G., Ribeiro, P., Winckler, F., Moro, C., Longo, A., Liberato, R., Barbosa, R., Magalhães, P., Portal, M., Martin, K., Souza, A., Cuervo, D., Perin, D., Marques, L., Oliveira, F., Battaglini, M., Lourenço, F., Ferreira, K., Silva, G., Duarte, L., Alves, M., Sousa, J., Uhehara, M., Brunser, A., Mazzón, E., Spencer, M., Acosta, I., Rojo, A., Rivas, R., Klapp, C., Carvallo, L., Carvallo, P., Mansilla, E., Flores, J., Alvarado, M., Herrera, A., Reyes, C., Jurado, F., Bustamante, G., Bravo, L., Matamala, J.M., Guerrero, R., Zhou, S., Ping, L., Liu, W., Liu, L., Tian, Y., Xu, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Zhen, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Yan, M., Wang, L., Zhang, Q., Tao, X., Liu, C., Shi, J., Zhang, X., Tai, L., Xu, L., Lu, H., Nie, H., Li, X., Zhou, J., Liu, Y., Gong, P., Tian, Y., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Li, R., Wang, X., Chen, Q., Li, Y., Wu, L., Zhang, J., Jia, L., Guo, X., Li, X., Chen, G., Lin, B., Zhu, W., Yang, K., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Xie, C., Wu, D., Zhang, Z., Li, X., Wang, Y., Liu, D., Liu, Z., Liang, L., Cao, Q., Zhang, X., Xia, J., Li, X., Weng, Y., Li, J., Xu, T., Geng, D., Yan, X., Wang, D., Zhao, N., Li, J., Wang, D., Tang, Z., Wang, L., Yin, W., Wang, S., Wang, D., Huang, W., Yang, Y., Song, A., Hao, Y., Zhang, A., Qiao, B., Yang, J., Yan, H., Wei, X., Tao, Z., Liu, H., Lv, Y., Yang, H., Han, L., Mao, X., Ge, L., Zhang, Y., He, S., Zhang, Q., Zhao, H., Jiang, J., Yan, M., Liu, D., Wu, W., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Yang, L., Tang, Y., Sun, H., Li, F., Li, G., Sun, Y., Zhang, H., Wu, Y., Huang, L., Geng, C., Jin, Z., Zhu, J., Zhang, F., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zheng, R., Shen, H., Liu, F., Chen, C., Li, G., Chen, S., Zhou, L., Hu, B., Zou, Z., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Chang, X., Wang, D., Zhang, S., Huang, Q., Liu, X., Liu, S., He, W., Feng, J., Li, L., Chen, X., Zhuang, X., Liu, Y., Zheng, W., Lai, Y., Zhou, Y., Duan, H., Cao, Q., Yang, Q., Du, J., Lin, Q, Xu, E., Zhan, L., Yang, L., Huang, Q., Wu, J., Feng, X., Wei, C., He, J., Wang, B., Liu, X., Li, W, Chen, P, Guo, F, Dai, H, Dai, M, Zeng, X., Wang, D., Chen, B., Long, F., Su, Q., Wang, Y., Bao, B., Wu, T., Wu, X., Shao, Y., Nie, H., Zhang, X., Li, S., Xu, Y., Castellanos, J.A., Muñoz-Collazos, M., Solano, E., Leung, W.H.T., Sureshbabu, S., Sharma, S.N., George, S., Shekhar, S., Singla, S., Saini, L., Sunita, -, Kate, M., Sarvotham, R., William, A.G., Deepak, A., BK, M., Benny, R., Bolegave, V., Basle, M., Gore, S., George, P., Kumaravelu, S., Rahamath, S., Raj, P.G., Devi, A.R., Sharma, A., Prajapati, J., Parmar, M., Patel, D., Panchal, T., Gorthi, S.P., Prabhu, V., Prabhu, A., Chandran, V., Chatterjee, A., Nair, R., Nambiar, V.K., TS, D., TP, S., Ajai, V., Paul, S., Natarajan, P.C., Chittibabu, D., Borah, N.C., Ghose, M., Choudhury, N., Gohain, P., Kalita, K., Duberkar, D., Pawar, N., Bhaviskar, R., Caterbi, E., Cenciarelli, S., Condurso, R., Gallinella, E., Greco, L., Marando, C., Mastrocola, S., Mattioni, A., Sacchini, E., Sicilia, I., Gallina, A., Giannandrea, D., Marsili, E., Mazzoli, T., Padiglioni, C., Corea, F., Guidubaldi, A., Micheli, S., Barbi, M., Kim, J., Song, H.J., Jeong, H.S., Lim, J.G., Park, S.M., Lee, K.B., Hwang, H.W., Kwon, S.U., Kang, D.W., Kim, Y.J., Kim, B.J., Park, J.M., Kang, K., Kim, B., Kwon, O., Kim, Y.W., Lee, J.J., Hwang, Y.H., Kwon, H.S., Koo, J., Lee, K., Kim, T., Ahn, A., Rha, J.H., Park, H.K., Yoon, C.W., Chan, B., Teoh, H.L., Paliwal, P., Wong, L.Y.J., Chen, J.T., De Silva, D.A., Chang, H.M., Fabiaña, N., Marti, J., Delgado, R., Martínez, A., Prats, L., Camps, P., Liou, C.W., Tan, T.Y., Liu, C.F., Cheng, H.H., Po, H.L., Lin, Y.J., Chou, C.L., Lin, C.H., Yen, C.C., Chang, Y.T., Hsu, Y.T., Lee, J.D., Lee, M., Huang, Y.C., Wu, C.Y., Huang, Y.C., Suwanwela, N.C., Chutinet, A., Likitjaroen, Y., Roongpiboonsopit, D., Charnwut, S., Dyker, A., Hossain, M., Muddegowda, G.K., Sanyal, R., Roffe, C., Natarajan, I., Finney, K., Sztriha, L., Teo, J., Chan, F.K., Lim, J., Chitando, B., Clarke, B., Patel, B., Khan, U., Ghatala, R., Trippier, S., Kalra, L., Manawadu, D., Sikondari, N., Aeron-Thomas, J., Sunman, W., Wilkes, G., Richardson, C., Buch, A., Jackson, B., Halse, O., Mashate, S., Wilding, P., Nguyen, V., Qadiri, M.R., Rashed, K., Board, S., Buckley, C., Smith, C., James, M., Keenan, S., Bouring, A., England, T., Donnelly, R., Scott, J., Maddula, M., Beavan, J., Perry, R., Francia, N., Watchhurst, C., Banaras, A., Ashton, A., Mistri, A., Musarrat, K., Eveson, D., Kallingal, J., Perez, J., Harrison, L., Marsden, T., Furnace, J., Clarke, R., Reid, J., Warburton, E., Macleod, M.J., Mitchell, J., Day, D., Church, N., Amis, E., Price, C., Rodgers, H., Whiting, R., Hussain, M., Harvey, M., Brown, S., Foot, J., Tryambake, D., Broughton, D., Bergin, A., Annamalai, A., Dixon, L., Weir, N., Blank, C., Harkness, K., Ali, A., Richards, E., Stocks, K., Bruce, D.W., Wani, M., Anjum, T., Krishnan, M., Nguyen Huy, T., Le Tuan, A. Truong, Cam, L. Dam Thi, Kim, T. Ngo Thi, Nguyen, B. Pham, Dat, A. Nguyen, Van, C. Nguyen, Duy, T. Mai, Viet, P. Dao, Tien, D. Nguyen, Van, T. Vo, Le Kim, K., Ngoc, T. Bui, Le Thanh, T. Tran, Hoanh, S. Nguyen, Phuoc, S. Pham, Van, T. Tran, Thi, B. Doan, Thu, H. Nguyen Thi, Duy, M. Nguyen, and Van, D. Ngo

Abstract

Systolic blood pressure of more than 185 mm Hg is a contraindication to thrombolytic treatment with intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, but the target systolic blood pressure for optimal outcome is uncertain. We assessed intensive blood pressure lowering compared with guideline-recommended blood pressure lowering in patients treated with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke.

Published
2019
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4. Accelerated protons with energies up to 70 MeV based on the optimized SG-II Peta-watt laser facility

Author

An, H. H., Wang, W., Xiong, J., Wang, C., Pan, X., Ouyang, X. P., Jiang, S., Xie, Z. Y., Wang, P. P., Yao, Y. L., Hua, N., Wang, Y., Jiang, Z. C., Xiao, Q., Ding, F. C., Wan, Y. T., Liu, X., Wang, R. R., Fang, Z. H., Yang, P. Q., Jiang, Y. E., Zhang, P. Z., Zhu, B. Q., Sun, J. R., Qiao, B., Lei, A. L., and Zhu, J. Q.

Abstract

AbstractThe target backsheath field acceleration mechanism is one of the main mechanisms of laser-driven proton acceleration (LDPA) and strongly depends on the comprehensive performance of the ultrashort ultra-intense lasers used as the driving sources. The successful use of the SG-II Peta-watt (SG-II PW) laser facility for LDPA and its applications in radiographic diagnoses have been manifested by the good performance of the SG-II PW facility. Recently, the SG-II PW laser facility has undergone extensive maintenance and a comprehensive technical upgrade in terms of the seed source, laser contrast and terminal focus. LDPA experiments were performed using the maintained SG-II PW laser beam, and the highest cutoff energy of the proton beam was obviously increased. Accordingly, a double-film target structure was used, and the maximum cutoff energy of the proton beam was up to 70 MeV. These results demonstrate that the comprehensive performance of the SG-II PW laser facility was improved significantly.

Published
2023
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5. Modeling strategies for polyelectrolyte multilayers

Author

Cerdà, J. J., Qiao, B., Holm, Ch., Cerdà, J. J., Qiao, B., and Holm, Ch.

Abstract

The present article will give a short overview about the sparse attempts to model films made up by alternating layers of polyanions and polycations, called polyelectrolyte multilayers. First, we will review the current theoretical understanding of the field, followed by the description of the current modeling strategies,with a stress on pointing out their shortcomings. We then report some results of our our recent attempts to model the structure and dynamics of polyelectrolyte multilayers. We present two approaches: one deals with coarse-grained bead-spring models within a dielectric continuum solvent, and in the other attempt we try to infer the important microscopic interactions via a fully atomistic treatment of small oligomeric polyelectrolytes. We finally give an outlook and discuss possible extensions towards a more realistic modeling of polyelectrolyte multilayers.

Published
2009
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6. Visualizing fast electron energy transport into laser-compressed high-density fast-ignition targets

Author

Jarrott, L. C., Wei, M. S., McGuffey, C., Solodov, A. A., Theobald, W., Qiao, B., Stoeckl, C., Betti, R., Chen, H., Delettrez, J., Döppner, T., Giraldez, E. M., Glebov, V. Y., Habara, H., Iwawaki, T., Key, M. H., Luo, R. W., Marshall, F. J., McLean, H. S., Mileham, C., Patel, P. K., Santos, J. J., Sawada, H., Stephens, R. B., Yabuuchi, T., and Beg, F. N.

Abstract

Recent progress in kilojoule-scale high-intensity lasers has opened up new areas of research in radiography, laboratory astrophysics, high-energy-density physics, and fast-ignition (FI) laser fusion. FI requires efficient heating of pre-compressed high-density fuel by an intense relativistic electron beam produced from laser–matter interaction. Understanding the details of electron beam generation and transport is crucial for FI. Here we report on the first visualization of fast electron spatial energy deposition in a laser-compressed cone-in-shell FI target, facilitated by doping the shell with copper and imaging the K-shell radiation. Multi-scale simulations accompanying the experiments clearly show the location of fast electrons and reveal key parameters affecting energy coupling. The approach provides a more direct way to infer energy coupling and guide experimental designs that significantly improve the laser-to-core coupling to 7%. Our findings lay the groundwork for further improving efficiency, with 15% energy coupling predicted in FI experiments using an existing megajoule-scale laser driver.

Published
2016
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7. Key conditions for stable ion radiation pressure acceleration by circularly polarized laser pulses

Author

Qiao, B., Zepf, M., Gibbon, P., Borghesi, M., Schreiber, J., and Geissler, M.

Abstract

Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) theoretically may have great potential to revolutionize the study of laserdriven ion accelerators due to its high conversion efficiency and ability to produce high-quality monoenergetic ion beams. However, the instability issue of ion acceleration has been appeared to be a fundamental limitation of the RPA scheme. To solve this issue is very important to the experimental realization and exploitation of this new scheme. In our recent work, we have identified the key condition for efficient and stable ion RPA from thin foils by CP laser pulses, in particular, at currently available moderate laser intensities. That is, the ion beam should remain accompanied with enough co-moving electrons to preserve a local "bunching" electrostatic field during the acceleration. In the realistic LS RPA, the decompression of the co-moving electron layer leads to a change of local electrostatic field from a "bunching" to a "debunching" profile, resulting in premature termination of acceleration. One possible scheme to achieve stable RPA is using a multi-species foil. Two-dimensional PIC simulations show that 100 MeV/u monoenergetic C6+and/or proton beams are produced by irradiation of a contaminated copper foil with CP lasers at intensities 5 × 1020W/cm2, achievable by current day lasers.

Published
2011
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8. Ion source development and radiobiology applications within the LIBRA project

Author

Borghesi, M., Kar, S., Prasad, R., Kakolee, F. K., Quinn, K., Ahmed, H., Sarri, G., Ramakrishna, B., Qiao, B., Geissler, M., Ter-Avetisyan, S., Zepf, M., Schettino, G., Stevens, B., Tolley, M., Ward, A., Green, J., Foster, P. S., Spindloe, C., Gallegos, P., Robinson, A.. L., Neely, D., Carroll, D. C., Tresca, O., Yuan, X., Quinn, M., McKenna, P., Dover, N., Palmer, C., Schreiber, J., Najmudin, Z., Sari, I., Kraft, M., Merchant, M., Jeynes, J. C., Kirkby, K., Fiorini, F., Kirby, D., and Green, S.

Abstract

In view of their properties, laser-driven ion beams have the potential to be employed in innovative applications in the scientific, technological and medical areas. Among these, a particularly high-profile application is particle therapy for cancer treatment, which however requires significant improvements from current performances of laser-driven accelerators. The focus of current research in this field is on developing suitable strategies enabling laser-accelerated ions to match these requirements, while exploiting some of the unique features of a laser-driven process. LIBRA is a UK-wide consortium, aiming to address these issues, and develop laser-driven ion sources suitable for applicative purposes, with a particular focus on biomedical applications. We will report on the activities of the consortium aimed to optimizing the properties of the beams, by developing and employing advanced targetry and by exploring novel acceleration regimes enabling production of beams with reduced energy spread. Employing the TARANIS Terawatt laser at Queen's University, we have initiated a campaign investigating the effects of proton irradiation of biological samples at extreme dose rates (> 109Gy/s).

Published
2011
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9. FK330, a Novel Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor, Prevents Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rat Liver Transplantation

Author

Tsuchihashi, S., Kaldas, F., Chida, N., Sudo, Y., Tamura, K., Zhai, Y., Qiao, B., Busuttil, R. W., and Kupiec-Weglinski, J. W.

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO), produced via inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is implicated in the pathophysiology of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). We examined the effects of a novel iNOS inhibitor, FK330 (FR260330), in well-defined rat liver IRI models. In a model of liver cold ischemia followed by ex vivo reperfusion, treatment with FK330 improved portal venous flow, increased bile production and decreased hepatocellular damage. FK330 prevented IRI in rat model of 40-h cold ischemia followed by syngeneic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), as evidenced by: (1) increased OLT survival (from 20% to 80%); (2) decreased hepatocellular damage (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels); (3) improved histological features of IRI; (4) reduced intrahepatic leukocyte infiltration, as evidenced by decreased expression of P-selectin/intracellular adhesion molecule 1, ED-1/CD3 cells and neutrophils; (5) depressed lymphocyte activation, as evidenced by expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokine (IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-2) programs; (6) prevented hepatic apoptosis and down-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Thus, by modulating leukocyte trafficking and cell activation patterns, treatment of rats with FK330, a specific iNOS inhibitor, prevented liver IRI. These results provide the rationale for novel therapeutic approaches to maximize organ donor pool through the safer use of liver grafts despite prolonged periods of cold ischemia.

Published
2006

10. Induction of systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome in syngeneic mice by immunization with activated lymphocyte-derived DNA

Author

Qiao, B., Wu, J., Chu, Y. W., Wang, Y., Wang, D. P., Wu, H. S., and Xiong, S. D.

Abstract

Objectives. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of autoimmune disease and the mechanisms underlying the disease have not yet been elucidated. Thus, animal models of SLE would facilitate investigation of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of the disease. This study characterizes a murine model of SLE-like syndrome induced by syngeneic activated lymphocyte-derived DNA (referred to as ALD DNA).Methods. Normal BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with highly purified ALD DNA. Anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other SLE-associated autoantibodies were examined by indirect immunofluorescence and anti-ENA (extractable nuclear antigen) profile assay. Pathological changes were analysed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Kidney cryostat sections were viewed by immunofluorescence for the presence of glomerular IgG and C3 deposits. Proteinuria was measured by Coomassie brilliant blue assay.Results. High levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and other autoantibodies frequently appearing in SLE were detectable in the sera of ALD DNA-immunized mice. Glomerulonephritis and glomerular deposition of IgG plus C3 were observed in the kidney sections. Moreover, proteinuria was seen in the immunized mice.Conclusions. SLE-like syndrome can be induced by ALD DNA in normal mice. This induced model may be useful for elucidating the mechanisms involved in autoimmunity to DNA and the development of SLE.

Published
2005
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11. Fuzzy Modelling of Inverse Dynamics for Robot Manipulators Based on a Genetic Algorithm

Author

Qiao, B. and Zhu, J.Y.

Abstract

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been successfully applied to a wide range of unstructured and nonlinear optimization problems. In this paper a scheme of fuzzy modelling to establish the inverse dynamic model for a robot manipulator in its joint space is presented. The designed fuzzy inverse model can be incorporated into the joint control loop of the robot manipulator to search a feedforward torque according to the input motion. The genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the membership functions and the structure of the rule base for the fuzzy inverse model of the robotic manipulator. Simulation based on a three-linked robotic manipulator is conducted and its results are presented.

Published
2000
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12. Learning Force Control for Position Controlled Robotic Manipulator

Author

Qiao, B., Zhu, J.Y., and Wei, Z.X.

Abstract

This paper presents a learning force control framework for position controlled robotic manipulators. A learning mechanism is established to compensate the uncertainties regarding stiffness of constraint environment in an iterative manner. A target impedance model is specified and its reference trajectory is generated according to on-line data of force feedback and position. The target impedance model is driven by force error to produce a command position, by tracking the commanded position the end-effector of manipulator will follow the unknown constraint surface while tracking a desired interaction force. Computer simulations based on a three linked planar robotic manipulator show that contact force can be effectively controlled as the operations are repeated.

Published
1999
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15. Low density lipoprotein causes general cellular activation with increased phosphatidylinositol turnover and lipoprotein catabolism.

Author

Block, L H, Knorr, M, Vogt, E, Locher, R, Vetter, W, Groscurth, P, Qiao, B Y, Pometta, D, James, R, and Regenass, M

Abstract

Low density lipoprotein (LDL), at concentrations high enough for receptor binding but not high enough to saturate the receptor, induces activation of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) turnover in a variety of cell types with various biological functions. Using both biochemical and electron microscopic studies, we have shown that blood platelets take up and degrade LDL in a manner reminiscent of phagocytic cell types. The activation of both PtdIns turnover and LDL metabolism is inhibited by high density lipoprotein. Thus, LDL at hormonal concentrations causes general cellular activation. Since all cell types studied responded to LDL with increased PtdIns turnover and uptake of LDL cholesterol, the PtdIns cycle may also be involved in the cellular regulation of LDL cholesterol metabolism.

Published
1988
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18. Identification and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding the granule-associated serine proteases granzymes D, E, and F of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Author

Jenne, D, Rey, C, Haefliger, J A, Qiao, B Y, Groscurth, P, and Tschopp, J

Abstract

Cytoplasmic granules of cytolytic T lymphocytes contain at least six related serine esterases (granzymes) that are released together with perforin, a pore-forming protein related to complement component C9, during target-cell lysis. Polyclonal antibodies were used to isolate a large number of cDNA clones from an expression library derived from cytolytic-T-cell mRNA. Three distinct full-length cDNA clones coding for granzymes D, E, and F were identified by restriction site mapping and nucleotide sequencing. The three deduced amino acid sequences are highly similar to one another (between 72% and 90% amino acid identities) and to the sequences of granzymes B and C, cathepsin G, and rat mast-cell proteases I and II (between 43% and 57% amino acid identities). Cysteine residues capable of forming intramolecular disulfide bonds are conserved, as are the catalytic-site residues characteristic of serine proteases. Comparison of the cDNA-derived protein sequences with the amino termini of the isolated granzymes provides evidence that they are stored in a fully processed, activated form after removal of the signal peptide and two additional residues (propeptide) at the amino terminus. Immunoelectron microscopic studies demonstrated that granzymes D, E, and F are present in the same morphologically distinct cytoplasmic granules in which perforin has been found previously.

Published
1988
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19. Vlasov-Fokker-Planck-Maxwell simulations for plasmas in inertial confinement fusion.

Author

Zhang, S.T., Li, X.M., Liu, D.J., Li, X.X., Cheng, R.J., Lv, S.Y., Huang, Z.M., Qiao, B., Liu, Z.J., Cao, L.H., Zheng, C.Y., and He, X.T.

Subjects
*PLASMA confinement, *INERTIAL confinement fusion, *LASER-plasma interactions, *PLASMA transport processes, *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), *PLASMA interactions
Abstract

This work presents a code to simulate collisions and laser-plasma interactions of multiple-species plasmas by solving 1D3V Vlasov-Fokker-Planck-Maxwell equations. The distribution functions of all species are expanded into spherical harmonic series of arbitrary order. Each electron or ion species possesses its distinct and suitable velocity mesh and the number of harmonics. Collisions between different ion species are considered and treated with the Fokker-Planck collision term. The code employs the total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme to avoid numerical instabilities in the region of steep density, rarefied plasma-vacuum interface, and non-periodic boundary conditions, which makes it possible to simulate cases that are close to actual physical scenes. The number of particles is globally conserved for each species, the energy for each species is conserved for collisions between the same species, and total energy is conserved for collisions between different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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